Question 1

According to Piaget's theory,when baby Sasha sucks her thumb,she is demonstrating a __________ circular reaction.

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory, during the sensorimotor stage, babies display circular reactions which are repetitive actions that infants carry out on their own body or objects around them. These reactions are of two types - primary and secondary. Primary circular reactions are the first circular reactions that infants display and they involve repetitive actions on their own body parts, like sucking the thumb. Thus, when baby Sasha sucks her thumb, she is demonstrating a primary circular reaction. Goal-directed circular reactions, on the other hand, involve the use of objects in the environment to achieve a specific goal, while tertiary circular reactions involve experimenting with different ways to achieve a goal.

Question 2

According to Piaget,a ___________ is a means of building schemes in which infants try to repeat chance motor behaviors again and again.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's concept of circular reactions refers to the repeating of chance behaviors in order to build schemes. This happens during the sensorimotor stage of development when infants are exploring their environment through their senses and motor actions. Circular reactions are seen as a precursor to goal-directed behavior and the development of mental representations.

Question 3

According to Piaget,first schemes

Accepted Answer

Piaget's sensorimotor stage is the first stage of cognitive development and lasts from birth to around 2 years of age. During this stage, children develop their first schemes, which are basic action patterns based on the sensory and motor experiences they have in their environment. These schemes are often repetitive and reflexive and involve the child's own body or objects in their environment. Therefore, the best choice is C, as schemes during this stage are sensorimotor action patterns. Choices A, B, and D may also occur during this stage, but they do not specifically refer to the first schemes.

Question 4

During the second substage of the sensorimotor period,babies

Accepted Answer

During the second substage of the sensorimotor period, infants start to gain voluntary control over their actions through the primary circular reaction. They repeat actions that have pleasurable outcomes, such as sucking their thumb, and begin to coordinate different senses, like looking and touching, to gain a better understanding of their surroundings. This substage lasts from one to four months of age.

Question 5

__________ involves building schemes through direct interaction with the environment.

Accepted Answer

Building schemes through direct interaction with the environment is known as adaptation in Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Adaptation involves both assimilation (interpreting new experiences in terms of existing structures) and accommodation (adjusting or creating new mental structures to fit with new experiences). Equilibration refers to the process of balancing assimilation and accommodation, while organization refers to the process of arranging and categorizing information into coherent cognitive structures.

Question 6

According to Piaget,specific psychological structures called _________ are organized ways of making sense of experience.

Accepted Answer

Schemes are the psychological structures that Piaget described as organized ways of making sense of experience. They are mental representations or frameworks that help individuals understand and interpret information.

Question 7

The circular reaction initially centers on

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, during the sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years old), the circular reaction initially centers on the infant's own body. This means that infants engage in repeated actions involving their own bodies, such as sucking on their fingers or kicking their legs, and gradually become aware of the effects of these actions on the environment. Choices A, B, and D are not as relevant to the circular reaction in the sensorimotor stage.

Question 8

In Piaget's theory,through the _________ circular reaction,babies try to repeat interesting events in the surrounding environment that are caused by their own actions.

Accepted Answer

In Piaget's theory, the secondary circular reactions stage involves infants repeating actions that bring about a response from the external environment, typically between 4 to 8 months of age.

Question 9

Baby Alan started opening his mouth differently for a nipple than for a spoon.Alan is probably in Stage ___ of Piaget's sensorimotor stages.

Accepted Answer

In Stage 2 of Piaget's sensorimotor stages, known as the primary circular reactions stage, infants begin to differentiate their actions based on different stimuli, such as opening their mouth differently for a nipple than for a spoon.

Question 10

Apart from direct contact with the environment,schemes also change

Accepted Answer

Schemes can change through organization, such as when a group or institution develops and implements a plan or policy to address an environmental issue. This can involve collaboration between different stakeholders and can lead to a coordinated approach towards environmental management.

Question 11

In Piaget's theory,each time the back-and-forth movement between equilibrium and disequilibrium occurs,

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, when children experience disequilibrium, they must actively adjust their existing schemas or create new ones to restore equilibrium. This process leads to the development of more effective schemes, and therefore, the correct answer is D - more effective schemes are produced.

Question 12

Baby Kate now relates dropping and throwing to her developing understanding of nearness and farness.In Piaget's theory,this achievement is an example of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Baby Kate now relates dropping and throwing...

Question 13

During __________,children use their current schemes to interpret the external world,whereas in __________,children create new schemes or adjust old ones after noticing that their current ways of thinking do not capture the environment completely.

Accepted Answer

Assimilation is the process of interpreting new experiences in terms of existing mental structures, or schemes. In other words, children use their current schemes to make sense of the world around them. Accommodation, on the other hand, involves adjusting existing mental structures to fit new experiences. Children create new schemes or adjust old ones after realizing that their current ways of thinking do not fully explain the environment. So, A is the correct answer.

Question 14

Piaget believed that infants and toddlers

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, infants and toddlers are in the sensorimotor stage of development and "think" with their eyes, ears, and hands. Piaget believed that young children actively construct their understanding of the world through exploration and interaction with objects and their environment. They use their senses and physical actions to learn about objects and develop their understanding. Therefore, option B is the best choice. The other options are incorrect because Piaget believed that infants and toddlers do construct schemes, assimilate and accommodate, and carry out many activities inside their heads.

Question 15

According to Piaget,the balance between assimilation and accommodation

Accepted Answer

Piaget believed that the balance between assimilation and accommodation varies over time, with children initially favoring assimilation as they try to make new information fit into their existing schemas, and later shifting towards accommodation as they encounter more diverse and conflicting information that requires them to modify their schemas to fit reality.

Question 16

At 16 months,Brynn is in Piaget's ___________ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

At 16 months, Brynn is in Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development. This stage is characterized by the infant's sensory and motor experiences, as they learn through exploration and experimentation with their environment. During this stage, infants develop object permanence, the understanding that an object exists even when it is out of sight.

Question 17

Two-year-old Laura dropped a block into her toy box.She then dropped a cup,a car,and a doll into the box,throwing some objects gently,while using more force with others.Laura's modification of her dropping scheme is an example of

Accepted Answer

Accommodation refers to modifying existing cognitive schemas or creating new ones to fit new experiences. Laura is adapting her dropping scheme to fit different objects, which shows accommodation.

Question 18

In Piaget's theory,_________ are the building blocks of sensorimotor intelligence.

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, newborn reflexes are the building blocks of sensorimotor intelligence. These reflexes transform over time as children interact with their environment and develop more complex cognitive abilities. Goal-directed behaviors, cultural experiences, and problem-solving skills develop later in the sensorimotor stage as children progress through the six substages.

Question 19

In Piaget's theory,when children are in a state of cognitive equilibrium,

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Piaget's theory,when children are in a...

Question 20

In Piaget's theory,when children are in a state of disequilibrium,

Accepted Answer

Piaget believed that cognitive change occurs most rapidly when children are in a state of disequilibrium, or a state of cognitive conflict. In this state, the child is motivated to resolve the conflict by developing new understandings of the world, which leads to intellectual growth.

Quiz 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood