Question 1

The correlation between self-esteem scores obtained a few months apart is about

Accepted Answer

The answer of The correlation between self-esteem scores obtained a...

Question 2

What is the term for a global judgment of self worth?

Accepted Answer

The term for a global judgment of self worth is self-esteem. Self-love refers to a positive regard for oneself, but does not necessarily encompass overall self-worth. Social referencing is the process of using others' emotional reactions as a guide for one's own behavior, and is not related to self-worth. Self-concept refers to the overall perception one has of oneself, including personal attributes and behaviors, but does not necessarily encompass self-worth. Identity achievement refers to the successful resolution of the identity crisis during adolescence, and is related to self-concept and self-esteem, but is not the same as a global judgment of self-worth.

Question 3

Sex roles are

Accepted Answer

Sex roles refer to behaviors that are considered appropriate for individuals based on their biological sex. It includes gender-specific behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs that are often observed within a cultural context.

Question 4

All of the following impact a child's self-esteem EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The age of the child does not impact their self-esteem as much as the other factors listed. However, as children grow and develop, their self-esteem may be influenced by other factors such as academic achievement, relationships, and societal expectations.

Question 5

North American and European parents tend to view adolescent conflict as efforts to demonstrate

Accepted Answer

North American and European parents tend to view adolescent conflict as efforts to demonstrate independence, as teenagers in these cultures are expected to become more autonomous and independent during adolescence. Adolescents may challenge authority and rules in order to assert their own independent identities.

Question 6

The order of development of the components of the gender concept is

Accepted Answer

According to gender schema theory, gender identity (feeling like a boy or girl) develops first, followed by gender stability (understanding that gender stays the same over time), and finally gender constancy (understanding that gender does not change despite superficial changes in appearance or behavior). Therefore, the order of development is identity, stability, and constancy, which is represented in choice C.

Question 7

Gender stability is

Accepted Answer

Gender stability refers to a child's understanding that gender remains the same throughout life. While gender constancy is often used interchangeably with gender stability, gender constancy specifically refers to the understanding that gender is fixed and immutable regardless of physical appearance or behavior. Option A is not a complete definition of gender stability, as it only discusses external presentation. Option B refers to gender labeling, which is an earlier developmental stage than gender stability. Option E is incorrect as it refers to gender roles and expectations, not gender stability.

Question 8

Which of the following children would be at the greatest risk for low self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

Willie, who is not athletic and has parents who value sports participation highly, would be at the greatest risk for low self-esteem. This is because he may feel inadequate and like he is not meeting his parents' expectations, which can lead to a negative view of himself.

Question 9

Seidman's research on self-esteem revealed a significant drop in average self esteem

Accepted Answer

Seidman's research revealed a significant drop in average self-esteem between the last year of elementary school and the first year in junior high. This drop was observed regardless of gender or ethnicity.

Question 10

A child's or adult's behavior is said to be ________ when it matches culturally defined gender-role expectations for his or her own gender.

Accepted Answer

The term "sex-typed" refers to behavior that aligns with the expected gender roles for one's biological sex. Sex-role stereotyped and gender-stereotyped behaviors may also align with societal expectations, but these terms do not specifically refer to matching one's biological sex. Gender constant and gender stable are not appropriate terms in this context.

Question 11

Harter argues that each child's level of ________ is a product of two internal assessments or judgments: the degree of discrepancy between what s/he would like to do and what s/he is, and the overall sense of support the child feels from the important people around him/her.

Accepted Answer

Harter's argument for each child's level of self-esteem is based on two factors: the gap between their desired selves and actual selves, and the perception of support from important individuals in their life. This suggests that self-esteem is an internal assessment or judgment made by the child based on their experiences and relationships. Therefore, the best choice is (A) self-esteem.

Question 12

When a child understands that boyness or girlness is permanent, she has acquired

Accepted Answer

The concept of gender refers to a person's psychological sense of male or female, whereas the concept of sex refers to biological differences between males and females. When a child understands that gender is a permanent trait, they have acquired the gender concept. Option A refers to the adoption of behaviors or attitudes typically associated with being male or female, option B refers to the degree to which a person feels male or female, and option C refers to the process by which children come to understand gender through socialization.

Question 13

Children begin to show preferences for playmates of the same sex by what age?

Accepted Answer

Children begin to show preferences for playmates of the same sex by 18 months.

Question 14

To a series of questions on her gender, your child answers that she is a girl, that wearing a tie would make her a boy, and that she is certainly going to grow up to be a woman. You can conclude that she has achieved

Accepted Answer

Your child has achieved gender stability and identity, as she recognizes herself as a girl and expects to grow up to be a woman, but not constancy, as her statement about wearing a tie suggests she believes changing external appearance (like clothing) could change her gender.

Question 15

As an Asian American teen, Sue Lee will

Accepted Answer

In Asian cultures, familial obligations are highly valued and expected. Therefore, Sue Lee is likely to experience some familial obligations that may impact her pursuit of an independent identity.

Question 16

Olga regularly plays with dolls and rarely chooses to play with tools or trucks. She is exhibiting which type of behavior?

Accepted Answer

Olga's behavior is exhibiting gender stereotypes which are commonly associated with females playing with dolls and males playing with tools or trucks. This behavior is referred to as sex-typed behavior.

Question 17

As children age, their evaluations of their own abilities

Accepted Answer

As children age, they develop a more nuanced understanding of their abilities, leading to increasingly differentiated evaluations. This means that they are better able to differentiate between their strengths and weaknesses and have a more realistic understanding of their capabilities.

Question 18

At what age do babies began to treat male and female faces differently?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that at around 9-12 months, babies begin to differentiate between male and female faces, showing preference for familiar faces of both genders. This is thought to be due to differences in facial features, vocal characteristics, and social interactions with males and females.

Question 19

Parents from cultures that emphasize community view adolescent conflict as

Accepted Answer

Parents from cultures that emphasize community often view adolescent conflict as immaturity because they prioritize conformity and harmony within the group rather than individuality and expression of personal opinions. Therefore, they may perceive conflict or disagreement as a sign of not yet having developed the social skills needed to navigate relationships successfully.

Question 20

Research on African American rites of passage programs indicates that by the end of a year participants

Accepted Answer

The research indicates that by the end of a year, participants in African American rites of passage programs exhibited higher self-esteem.

Quiz 10: Concepts of Self, Gender, and Sex Roles