Question 1

Measures of association are measures that show both the strength and direction of the relationship between variables.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Measures of association are measures that show...

Question 2

Qualitative report writing is a form of
A) data coding.
B) data analysis.
C) quantitative analysis.
D) memoing.
E) social anthropology.

Accepted Answer

Qualitative report writing is a form of data analysis, where researchers interpret and make sense of their data through a narrative report. It involves identifying patterns, themes, and trends in the data collected from various sources such as interviews, observations, and focus groups. This process helps researchers to understand the research question in-depth and generate rich descriptions of the research phenomenon. Hence, option B is the correct answer.

Question 3

Miles and Huberman suggest that qualitative analysis flows concurrently and interactively.These flows include
A) data collection, data reduction, data display, conclusion drawing and verification.
B) data collection, data coding, data display, conclusion drawing and verification.
C) data transcribing, data reduction, data display, conclusion drawing and verification.
D) data transcribing, data reduction, data coding, conclusion drawing and verification.
E) none of these

Accepted Answer

Miles and Huberman's model of qualitative data analysis includes the processes of data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification, which occur concurrently and interactively.

Question 4

Measures of association help to determine if one variable caused another.

Accepted Answer

Measures of association indicate the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables, but they do not establish causality.

Question 5

After initial coding of the data,one must collect similarly coded passages into
A) folders.
B) new cases.
C) folders that include areas to re-code.
D) test cases.
E) categories.

Accepted Answer

Folders are used to organize data into groups of similar items. In this case, the data is coded passages, so the folders would be used to group together passages that have been coded in the same way.

Question 6

After completing five student interviews,Professor Stewart has found that it is hard to assess "motivation" other than by simply asking students about their motivation.He has decided to use markers for motivation,such as involvement in school clubs and activities,attendance at extra-curricular events and time devoted to studies.In his reading,he had labeled those students who are involved in student organizations,attend activities and devote twenty hours a week to studying as "super students" and the complete absence of these or low scores as on these measures as "minimally involved students".This is an example of
A) arbitrary coding.
B) analytical coding.
C) anticipatory coding.
D) a data display.
E) conceptualization

Accepted Answer

The answer of After completing five student interviews,Professor Stewart has...

Question 7

Measures of dispersion indicate how varied the population is with respect to certain values.

Accepted Answer

Measures of dispersion such as range, variance and standard deviation indicate how spread out or varied the population or data set is with respect to specific values.

Question 8

In coding large amounts of data,Professor Einstein learned that codes that were assigned early in the process are no longer viable.These will be re-coded into more useful categories.This process is known as
A) partial coding.
B) flexible analysis.
C) focused coding.
D) analytic coding.
E) descriptive coding.

Accepted Answer

Focused coding refers to the process of refining initial codes into more targeted and useful categories, especially when earlier codes are found to be inadequate or too broad. This is done to better analyze and understand the data.

Question 9

________is the process by which researchers create visual images to summarize qualitative information.
A) Data reduction
B) Graphical depiction
C) Data displaying
D) Coding reduction
E) Memoing

Accepted Answer

Data displaying is the process of creating visual images to summarize and present qualitative information effectively.

Question 10

The purpose of the elaboration model is to provide a way to examine relationships that may be causal.

Accepted Answer

The purpose of the elaboration model is indeed to provide a way to examine how one variable may cause changes in another variable. The model helps to identify the mediating (explaining) variables and the moderating (boundary-setting) variables that shape the relationship between the two variables being studied. Ultimately, the elaboration model seeks to explain why and how relationships occur between variables.

Question 11

In_______,a researcher is summarizing the data that has been collected into more manageable categories.
A) data reduction
B) analytical coding
C) data displays
D) qualitative analysis
E) memoing

Accepted Answer

Data reduction involves taking a large amount of data and organizing it into more manageable and meaningful categories. This is an important step in the process of analyzing qualitative data, as it helps to simplify the information and identify key themes and patterns. Analytical coding, data displays, qualitative analysis, and memoing are all important steps in analyzing qualitative data, but they are not specifically focused on summarizing or reducing the data.

Question 12

If there was a relationship between level of education and income reflected by an r of 1,we would expect that for each additional year of education,an individual would earn an additional equivalent amount of income.

Accepted Answer

An r value of 1 indicates a perfect positive correlation between two variables, meaning that as one variable increases, the other variable increases in a predictable manner. In this case, a correlation of 1 between level of education and income would mean that for each additional year of education, an individual would earn an additional equivalent amount of income.

Question 13

Dr.Eaton adds extensive commentary to her coding so that she can better understand their meaning.She is using
A) operationalization.
B) displays.
C) memoing.
D) crosstabulations.
E) transcription.

Accepted Answer

Memoing is the practice of writing reflections and notes during the coding process to help clarify and understand the data. It is a common method used by qualitative researchers to maintain a record of their thought process and insights as they analyze the data. Other options listed do not involve adding extensive commentary to the coding process.

Question 14

In coding,the goal is to
A) examine relationships among variables.
B) create categories that flow from the data and apply these to cases.
C) begin to outline the final report.
D) determine if the data can be transformed into categories usable by computer.
E) try to pinpoint how something works and to find out what aspects of the program contribute to the effect.

Accepted Answer

In coding, the primary goal is to create categories that emerge from the data and apply these categories to cases, which helps in organizing and interpreting qualitative data.

Question 15

The measure of central tendency used for ordinal variables is mode.

Accepted Answer

For ordinal variables, the median is typically used as the measure of central tendency because it takes into account the order of the values. Mode can also be used, but it does not utilize the ordered nature of the data.

Question 16

Data displays are roughly analogous to
A) univarate analyses.
B) bivariate analyses.
C) measures of central tendency.
D) elaboration models.
E) coding reduction.

Accepted Answer

Data displays are used to show the relationship between two variables, which is the purpose of bivariate analyses. Univariate analyses focus on a single variable. Measures of central tendency refer to numerical summaries of a data set, while elaboration models and coding reduction are not related to data displays.

Question 17

The range of a variable is the difference between the lowest and highest values.

Accepted Answer

The range is calculated as the difference between the highest and lowest values of a variable.

Question 18

One form of data display is a cross-tabulation of variables you are interested in.

Accepted Answer

Cross-tabulation is a form of data display that shows the relationship between two or more variables. It involves grouping data by multiple variables to create a table that displays the frequency distribution of the variables being analyzed.

Question 19

Inferential statistics allow researchers to make claims about the internal validity of their data.

Accepted Answer

Inferential statistics allow researchers to make predictions or inferences about a population based on a sample of data, not to directly assess the internal validity of their data. Internal validity refers to the extent to which a study can establish a cause-and-effect relationship, which is determined by the study design and control of confounding variables, not by inferential statistics.

Question 20

After doing additional coding,Professor Stewart finds that students have varying levels of family support.He thinks that motivation may be linked to levels of family support.In order to analyze the relationship between these variables,he creates a matrix.This is an example of
A) a data display.
B) anticipatory coding.
C) constant comparison.
D) quantitative analysis.
E) theoretical coding.

Accepted Answer

The creation of a matrix is an example of a data display, which is used to visually represent data or information. In this case, the matrix can help Professor Stewart analyze the relationship between variables by organizing and comparing the data. It is not an example of anticipatory coding, constant comparison, quantitative analysis, or theoretical coding.

Quiz 15: Quantitative and Qualitative Data Analysis

Measures of association are measures that show both the strength and direction of the relationship between variables.

Qualitative report writing is a form of

Miles and Huberman suggest that qualitative analysis flows concurrently and interactively.These flows include

Measures of association help to determine if one variable caused another.

After initial coding of the data,one must collect similarly coded passages into

Measures of dispersion indicate how varied the population is with respect to certain values.

In coding large amounts of data,Professor Einstein learned that codes that were assigned early in the process are no longer viable.These will be re-coded into more useful categories.This process is known as

________is the process by which researchers create visual images to summarize qualitative information.

The purpose of the elaboration model is to provide a way to examine relationships that may be causal.

In_______,a researcher is summarizing the data that has been collected into more manageable categories.

If there was a relationship between level of education and income reflected by an r of 1,we would expect that for each additional year of education,an individual would earn an additional equivalent amount of income.

Dr.Eaton adds extensive commentary to her coding so that she can better understand their meaning.She is using

In coding,the goal is to

The measure of central tendency used for ordinal variables is mode.

Data displays are roughly analogous to

The range of a variable is the difference between the lowest and highest values.

One form of data display is a cross-tabulation of variables you are interested in.

Inferential statistics allow researchers to make claims about the internal validity of their data.

After doing additional coding,Professor Stewart finds that students have varying levels of family support.He thinks that motivation may be linked to levels of family support.In order to analyze the relationship between these variables,he creates a matrix.This is an example of