Question 1

In the five-factor theory, the dimension that contrasts sociable, outgoing, and active traits with withdrawn, passive, and quiet traits is called

Accepted Answer

The dimension that contrasts sociable, outgoing, and active traits with withdrawn, passive, and quiet traits is called extraversion in the five-factor theory. The other dimensions are openness to experience, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and agreeableness.

Question 2

In the five-factor theory, the dimension that differentiates people who are dependable, organized, reliable, and responsible from people who are undependable, impulsive, and careless is called

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness is the dimension that differentiates people who are dependable, organized, reliable, and responsible from people who are undependable, impulsive, and careless. This dimension also includes traits such as being achievement-oriented and self-disciplined.

Question 3

Cattell's personality assessment contains ___ factors.

Accepted Answer

Cattell's personality assessment contains 16 factors, commonly known as the 16PF (16 Personality Factors) questionnaire. These include warmth, reasoning, emotional stability, dominance, liveliness, rule-consciousness, social boldness, sensitivity, vigilance, abstractedness, privateness, apprehensiveness, openness to change, self-reliance, perfectionism, and tension.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is not true of source traits, according to Cattell's work?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is not...

Question 5

What term did Cattell use for the traits that underlie the surface traits, that make up the most basic personality structure, and that cause behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Cattell used the term "source traits" to refer to the underlying traits that make up the most basic personality structure and cause behavior.

Question 6

Hans Eysenck's trait of emotional instability is also known as

Accepted Answer

Emotional instability is also known as neuroticism. Introversion and extroversion are different traits on the personality spectrum, while psychoticism is a separate personality trait identified by Eysenck.

Question 7

When Raoul arranged a blind date for Dawn, he described her as fun-loving, intelligent, generous, and kind. According to Cattell, Raoul used which of the following types of traits to describe his friend?

Accepted Answer

Surface traits are easily observable and describe specific behaviors. Raoul used descriptive words that are easy to observe and are specific to Dawn's behavior. Source traits are underlying traits that give rise to surface traits, primary traits are more general and abstract, and secondary traits are less important and less consistent.

Question 8

Eysenck suggests that the personality dimensions are rooted in

Accepted Answer

Eysenck suggests that personality dimensions are rooted in neurological functioning, specifically in differences in the functioning of the reticular activating system (RAS) and the limbic system. Eysenck hypothesized that differences in the functioning of these systems lead to variations in personality traits related to extroversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism.

Question 9

Cattell thought the personality of an individual reflects the degree to which he or she possesses certain

Accepted Answer

Cattell believed that personality is composed of underlying factors called source traits, which are more fundamental and stable than surface level traits like primary or cardinal traits. Core traits are not a concept in Cattell's theory.

Question 10

In the five-factor theory, the dimension that differentiates people who are moody, irritable, nervous, and prone to worry from people who are calm, even-tempered, easygoing, and relaxed is called

Accepted Answer

Neuroticism is the dimension in the five-factor theory that differentiates people who are moody, irritable, nervous, and prone to worry from people who are calm, even-tempered, easygoing, and relaxed.

Question 11

In the five-factor theory, the dimension that differentiates people who are good-natured, warm, and sympathetic from people who are aggressive, argumentative, and cold is called

Accepted Answer

The dimension that differentiates people who are good-natured, warm, and sympathetic from people who are aggressive, argumentative, and cold is called agreeableness in the five-factor theory. This dimension reflects how well individuals are able to get along with others, their level of kindness, and cooperativeness. People with high levels of agreeableness tend to be empathetic, cooperative, and caring, while people with low levels of agreeableness tend to be more competitive, argumentative, and cold toward others.

Question 12

Cynthia's friends consider her to be withdrawn, quiet, and introspective. According to Eysenck, where would Cynthia be placed on the extroversion dimension?

Accepted Answer

Cynthia's characteristics of being withdrawn, quiet, and introspective indicate that she would be placed high on the introversion dimension, as opposed to extroversion.

Question 13

Who claimed that we can best understand personality by assessing people on two major dimensions, extraversion and neuroticism?

Accepted Answer

Hans Eysenck is known for his theory that personality can be best understood through the two major dimensions of extraversion and neuroticism, often referred to as the Eysenck Personality Inventory.

Question 14

In terms of number of traits, you have more ________ traits than other kinds proposed by Allport.

Accepted Answer

Secondary traits are the most numerous according to Allport, as they represent preferences or attitudes that appear only in certain situations and are less consistent across contexts compared to cardinal and central traits.

Question 15

People who are sociable, outgoing, and active would be considered

Accepted Answer

Sociable, outgoing, and active individuals are typically considered extroverts.

Question 16

Neil enjoys going to parties and on outings with his friends. Often he will take charge of a group and suggest what they do. Based on this information, Neil would be best described in terms of the five-factor theory as

Accepted Answer

Neil's enjoyment of socializing and taking charge of a group suggest that he is high on the extraversion dimension, which reflects an individual's level of social interaction and assertiveness.

Question 17

What was the term Raymond Cattell used for the observable qualities that you would use to describe a friend?

Accepted Answer

Raymond Cattell used the term "surface traits" to refer to the observable qualities that you would use to describe a friend.

Question 18

In the five-factor theory, the dimension that differentiates people who are imaginative, curious, and bold from people who are concrete and practical is called

Accepted Answer

The dimension that differentiates people who are imaginative, curious, and bold from people who are concrete and practical is called openness to experience. This dimension is one of the five factors in the five-factor theory of personality, which also includes neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Openness to experience reflects the extent to which individuals are open-minded, creative, and open to new experiences, ideas, and perspectives. Those who score high in openness are often more intellectually curious, innovative and imaginative, whereas those who score low are more practical, down-to-earth, and traditional in their thinking.

Question 19

The text suggests that, according to a growing consensus among trait theorists, there are ________ central dimensions of personality.

Accepted Answer

According to the text, there is a growing consensus among trait theorists that there are five central dimensions of personality, also known as the "Big Five": openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Question 20

What is Allport's name for the type of trait you would use in writing a letter of recommendation?

Accepted Answer

Allport's central traits are the most important traits that describe a person's personality and behavior, and are most likely to be used in a letter of recommendation. Cardinal traits, on the other hand, are dominant or defining traits that shape a person's behavior, while common and secondary traits are less important or situational.

Quiz 11: Personality, Theory and Assessment