Question 1

Which psychoanalytic theorist's method was later renamed hypnosis?
A)Franz Gall
B)Sigmund Freud
C)Franz Mesmer
D)Carl Jung

Accepted Answer

The method of Franz Mesmer, known as Mesmerism, was later renamed hypnosis.

Question 2

Which psychoanalytic theorist is noted for his study of the unconscious?
A)Sigmund Freud
B)Pierre Janet
C)Jean Charcot
D)Stanley Hall

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud is considered the father of psychoanalysis and is well known for his focus on the unconscious mind. He developed many influential theories about human behavior, including the concept of the unconscious and the role it plays in determining our thoughts, feelings, and actions.

Question 3

When a patient experiences catharsis, it means that the person has:
A)lost physical sensation in the body.
B)become anxious and wishes to withdraw.
C)experienced a release of emotions.
D)found a new meaning in life.

Accepted Answer

Catharsis refers to the release of strong emotions or tension that has been built up inside a person. This can be experienced through various means, such as talking to a therapist or writing in a journal. It is often accompanied by a sense of relief and may help a person better understand and process their feelings.

Question 4

Albert Bandura argued that people's beliefs about their ability to execute the behaviors necessary to control important events, which he called ________ beliefs, are crucial in determining people's well-being.
A)self-efficacy
B)self-regulation
C)self-esteem
D)self-motivation

Accepted Answer

Albert Bandura's concept of self-efficacy refers to people's beliefs about their ability to execute behaviors necessary to control important events. It is important in determining one's well-being as it affects motivation, effort, persistence, and resilience in achieving a goal. Self-regulation, self-esteem, and self-motivation are related concepts but not specifically addressed by Bandura's theory of self-efficacy.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true about catharsis?
A)It focused on the realignment of people's magnetic fluids.
B)It resulted in more censored discussions of the patient's problems under hypnosis.
C)It allowed the therapist to elicit important psychological material more easily.
D)It was of little, if any, therapeutic value in terms of treating abnormality.

Accepted Answer

Catharsis is the process of releasing and thereby providing relief from strong or repressed emotions. In therapy, catharsis helps the therapist to elicit important psychological material more easily and understand the client's emotional state better. It does not involve the realignment of people's magnetic fluids or result in more censored discussions of the patient's problems under hypnosis. While the therapeutic value of catharsis is debated, it can be helpful in certain types of therapy.

Question 6

Which of the following individuals is regarded as the best-known figure in psychiatry and psychology?
A)Ivan Pavlov
B)Sigmund Freud
C)John Watson
D)Erik Erikson

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud is regarded as the best-known figure in psychiatry and psychology due to his contributions to the development of psychoanalysis, a theory of the human mind and therapy technique. He also introduced influential concepts such as the unconscious mind, the id, ego, and superego, and the Oedipus complex. Pavlov was a physiologist known for his work on classical conditioning, Watson was a behaviorist who believed in the role of environment in shaping behavior, and Erikson was a developmental psychologist who proposed stages of psychosocial development. While these individuals made significant contributions to the field of psychology, they are not as widely known or influential as Freud.

Question 7

Which of the following is an incorrect pairing?
A)Pavlov/classical conditioning
B)Skinner/classical conditioning
C)Watson/classical conditioning
D)Thorndike/operant conditioning

Accepted Answer

Skinner is known for operant conditioning, not classical conditioning.

Question 8

________ argued that people prone to psychological disorders are plagued by irrational negative assumptions about themselves and the world.
A)Albert Bandura
B)Albert Ellis
C)Josef Breuer
D)Ivan Pavlov

Accepted Answer

Albert Ellis developed the theory of rational-emotive behavior therapy, which posits that psychological disorders result from irrational beliefs and negative assumptions about ourselves and the world. These beliefs can be identified and modified through cognitive restructuring.

Question 9

Which of the following people conceptualized the theory of self-efficacy beliefs?
A)Albert Bandura
B)Albert Ellis
C)Johann Weyer
D)Aaron Beck

Accepted Answer

Albert Bandura is the psychologist who developed the concept of self-efficacy beliefs, which refers to an individual's belief in their ability to successfully perform a specific task or behavior.

Question 10

Pavlov's theory of learning focused on
A)operant conditioning.
B)social conditioning.
C)classical conditioning.
D)cognitive conditioning.

Accepted Answer

Pavlov's theory of learning focused on classical conditioning, which is the process of learning associations between a neutral stimulus and a reflexive response. Through repeated pairing of a neutral stimulus (such as a bell ringing) with a reflexive response (such as salivating at the sight of food), Pavlov demonstrated how a conditioned response could be elicited by a previously neutral stimulus.

Question 11

Who were the authors of On the Psychical Mechanisms of Hysterical Phenomena published in 1893?
A)Freud and Breuer
B)Freud and Charcot
C)Freud and Adler
D)Freud and Hall

Accepted Answer

"On the Psychical Mechanisms of Hysterical Phenomena" is an article written by Sigmund Freud and Josef Breuer and published in 1893.

Question 12

Which individual argued that hysteria was caused by degeneration in the brain?
A)Franz Anton Mesmer
B)Jean Charcot
C)Ambroise-Auguste Liebault
D)Hippolyte-Marie Bernheim

Accepted Answer

Jean Charcot argued that hysteria was caused by degeneration in the brain.

Question 13

The experiment that demonstrated that dogs could be conditioned to salivate to stimuli other than food was conceptualized by
A)Ivan Pavlov.
B)John Watson.
C)B.F.Skinner.
D)Edward Thorndike.

Accepted Answer

The experiment that demonstrated the conditioned response of dogs to stimuli other than food was conducted by Ivan Pavlov in the late 1800s.

Question 14

Operant or instrumental conditioning was theorized by
A)Thorndike and Skinner.
B)Pavlov and Watson.
C)Watson and Skinner.
D)Pavlov and Thorndike.

Accepted Answer

Operant or instrumental conditioning was theorized by Edward Thorndike and B.F. Skinner, who both focused on the role of environmental consequences in shaping behavior. Pavlov and Watson are associated with classical conditioning, which is a different form of learning.

Question 15

Rapid advancement in anatomy, physiology, neurology, and chemistry in the late nineteenth century led to increasing focus on ________ causes of abnormality.
A)biological
B)psychological
C)sociological
D)ecological

Accepted Answer

The rapid advancement in various fields of science led to the emergence of the biological perspective in the late 19th century, which viewed abnormal behavior as resulting from biological abnormalities or imbalances within the individual.

Question 16

Operant conditioning theory states that learning:
A)requires the proper modeling of behavior.
B)is based on a teacher who gives instructions.
C)behavior requires two active participants.
D)is affected by the consequences of behavior.

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning theory explains that learning is based on the consequences of behavior. This means that behaviors that are reinforced (rewarded) are more likely to be repeated, while behaviors that are punished or ignored are less likely to be repeated. The theory does not involve modeling of behavior or require a teacher giving instructions, and it can occur with a single individual rather than requiring multiple participants.

Question 17

The thought processes that influence behavior and emotion are called
A)insights.
B)cognitions.
C)feelings.
D)behaviorisms.

Accepted Answer

The term "cognitions" refers to the mental processes and thought patterns that play a role in shaping behavior and emotion. This includes things like beliefs, attitudes, perceptions, and interpretations of events. Insights refer more specifically to moments of sudden understanding or realization, while feelings and behaviorisms are more focused on emotional experiences and observable actions, respectively.

Question 18

________ emphasizes the consequences of reinforcement and punishment on behavior.
A)Behaviorism
B)Cognition
C)Psychoanalysis
D)Mesmerism

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism is a psychological approach that focuses on observable and measurable behavior, and how it is shaped by reinforcement and punishment. It believes that behavior can be modified through conditioning, where rewards or punishments influence the likelihood of a behavior being repeated in the future.

Question 19

Which of the following individuals rejected the psychoanalytic and biological theories of abnormality and was inspired by Pavlov's work?
A)Carl Jung
B)John Watson
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Abraham Maslow

Accepted Answer

John Watson rejected the psychoanalytic and biological theories of abnormality and instead focused on behaviorism, which was inspired by Pavlov's work on conditioning.

Question 20

Which of the following physicians showed that they could induce symptoms of hysteria through hypnosis?
A)Mesmer and Charcot
B)Charcot and Bernheim
C)Bernheim and Liebault
D)Liebault and Mesmer

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following physicians showed that...

Quiz 1: Looking at Abnormality

Which psychoanalytic theorist's method was later renamed hypnosis?

Which psychoanalytic theorist is noted for his study of the unconscious?

When a patient experiences catharsis, it means that the person has:

Albert Bandura argued that people's beliefs about their ability to execute the behaviors necessary to control important events, which he called ________ beliefs, are crucial in determining people's well-being.

Which of the following statements is true about catharsis?

Which of the following individuals is regarded as the best-known figure in psychiatry and psychology?

Which of the following is an incorrect pairing?

________ argued that people prone to psychological disorders are plagued by irrational negative assumptions about themselves and the world.

Which of the following people conceptualized the theory of self-efficacy beliefs?

Pavlov's theory of learning focused on

Who were the authors of On the Psychical Mechanisms of Hysterical Phenomena published in 1893?

Which individual argued that hysteria was caused by degeneration in the brain?

The experiment that demonstrated that dogs could be conditioned to salivate to stimuli other than food was conceptualized by

Operant or instrumental conditioning was theorized by

Rapid advancement in anatomy, physiology, neurology, and chemistry in the late nineteenth century led to increasing focus on ________ causes of abnormality.

Operant conditioning theory states that learning:

The thought processes that influence behavior and emotion are called

________ emphasizes the consequences of reinforcement and punishment on behavior.

Which of the following individuals rejected the psychoanalytic and biological theories of abnormality and was inspired by Pavlov's work?

Which of the following physicians showed that they could induce symptoms of hysteria through hypnosis?