Question 1

Prevalence estimates for learning disabilities are more variable than other disability categories due to
A) low numbers compared to other disabilities.
B) differing definitions of the term learning disabilities.
C) inability to select one characteristic to focus on.
D) homogeneity in those with learning disabilities.

Accepted Answer

The prevalence estimates for learning disabilities are more variable than other disability categories due to differing definitions of the term learning disabilities. The lack of a standardized definition of learning disabilities has led to variability in prevalence estimates.

Question 2

Hyperactivity is typically thought of as
A) a general excess of activity.
B) uncontrollable muscle contractions.
C) a short attention span.
D) an inability to leave a given task.

Accepted Answer

Hyperactivity is generally characterized by an excess of activity, which can manifest as restlessness, fidgeting, or an inability to stay still.

Question 3

Comorbidity research investigates the degree to which children and youth
A) exhibit evidence of multiple disabilities or conditions.
B)are not being identified with learning disabilities.
C) display the challenging characteristics of learning disabilities.

D)who do not respond adequately to good primary instruction.

Accepted Answer

Comorbidity research investigates the co-occurrence of multiple disabilities or conditions in children and youth.

Question 4

In the area of reading, specific single method skill instruction may improve performance, but if the focus of instruction is too narrow the student may not
A) gain skills in word knowledge and word recognition.
B) generalize reading skills learned to other relevant areas.
C) use context clues to aid in word recognition.
D) learn to read.

Accepted Answer

Narrowly focused instruction may improve performance on a specific skill, but it is important to generalize these skills to other relevant areas. This helps students become more flexible readers who can apply their skills in a variety of contexts, rather than just in isolated situations. Without this generalization, students may struggle with reading tasks that require them to adapt their skills to new situations.

Question 5

Learning disabilities
A) are an easily identified disorder.
B) are always mild.
C) consist of a homogeneous group of individuals.
D) have long been associated with controversy.

Accepted Answer

Learning disabilities have been a controversial topic in education and psychology for many years. There is still ongoing debate about the definition, causes, and treatment of learning disabilities.

Question 6

Korbin has difficulty with visual discrimination. This means he may
A) be unable to discriminate between colors.
B) perceive letters as unrelated parts.
C) not distinguish between mit and mat.
D) need glasses.

Accepted Answer

Korbin has difficulty with visual discrimination, which means he may not distinguish between similar-looking letters, such as "m" and "n."

Question 7

Mark has difficulty with reading comprehension. His teacher has determined that Mark often is confused about the central theme of the passage he has read, focusing instead on peripheral information. It is possible that Mark has a
A) short-term memory problem.
B) visual discrimination problem.
C) short attention span.
D) selective attention problem.

Accepted Answer

Mark's difficulty with focusing on peripheral information rather than the central theme suggests that he may have a selective attention problem. This means that he may have trouble filtering out irrelevant information and focusing on what is important in the passage. A short-term memory problem or short attention span may also contribute to reading comprehension difficulties, but these issues would not necessarily result in a tendency to focus on peripheral information. A visual discrimination problem may make it difficult for Mark to distinguish between similar letters or words, but it would not necessarily result in difficulty understanding the central theme of a passage.

Question 8

Intelligence among individuals with learning disabilities is
A) always below average.
B) always above average.
C) generally of average or near-average.
D) not known.

Accepted Answer

Intelligence among individuals with learning disabilities is generally of average or near-average. While they may struggle with specific tasks related to learning and academics, their overall intelligence is not necessarily impaired.

Question 9

Declining numbers of students with learning disabilities may be due to which of the following reasons?
A) There is a shortage of qualified teachers for students with learning disabilities.
B) Learning disability classrooms are overcrowded.
C) Earlier and more effective intervention, especially in reading,.
D) Professionals feel that students with learning disabilities could be better served if identified with autism.

Accepted Answer

Earlier and more effective intervention, especially in reading, has been shown to decrease the number of students who eventually receive a learning disability diagnosis. Schools are now providing interventions and accommodations to struggling students earlier, which can prevent the need for a formal learning disability diagnosis. The other options, such as a shortage of qualified teachers or overcrowded classrooms, could actually lead to an increase in the number of students with learning disabilities. Additionally, identifying students with learning disabilities as having autism (option D) is not a common practice and is not likely to be a factor in declining numbers.

Question 10

Students with reading disabilities may experience difficulty when trying to
A) generalize letter patterns.
B) focus on important, rather than irrelevant, aspects of a task.
C) recognize words.
D) generalize letter patterns, focus on important, rather than irrelevant, aspects of a task, and recognize words.

Accepted Answer

Students with reading disabilities may struggle with all three of these tasks. Difficulty recognizing words is a common symptom of dyslexia, while difficulty generalizing letter patterns and focusing on important aspects of a task can also be related to reading disabilities.

Question 11

According to IDEA 2004, the term "learning disabilities" includes students who have learning problems resulting from
A) an organic impairment resulting in perceptual problems, thinking disorders, and emotional instability.
B) behavior problems with evidence of difficulties in language, memory, motor skills, and impulse control.
C) a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes in understanding or using language .
D) low socioeconomic status.

Accepted Answer

According to IDEA 2004, the term "learning disabilities" includes students who have a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes in understanding or using language. This could include difficulties with reading, writing, speaking, listening, or mathematical calculations, among other things. The other answer choices do not accurately reflect the definition of learning disabilities according to IDEA 2004.

Question 12

The most common academic problems found among students who have specific learning disabilities is
A) handwriting.
B) social skill.
C) spelling.
D) reading.

Accepted Answer

Reading difficulties are the most common academic problem found among students with specific learning disabilities.

Question 13

Difficulties that occur in handwriting of children who have learning disabilities may be attributed to
A) lack of developmental skills required to write.
B) reading level.
C) age level.
D) level of fine motor coordination.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Difficulties that occur in handwriting of children...

Question 14

Seth has difficulty with kinesthetic information. This means he may have
A) a short attention span.
B) diminished cognitive abilities.
C) difficulty with hand and arm movements as he writes.
D) lowered intellectual aptitude.

Accepted Answer

Kinesthetic information involves physical movements, such as hand and arm movements used in writing or other tasks that require fine motor control. Difficulty with kinesthetic information can result in challenges with tasks that require these movements, but it does not necessarily indicate any other cognitive or intellectual difficulties. Therefore, option C is the best choice as it represents the symptom that aligns with Seth's difficulty.

Question 15

A learning disability can be determined by which of the following?
A) A severe discrepancy between a child's achievement and intellectual ability
B) The child's response to intervention
C) A child's brain imaging
D) A severe discrepancy between a child's achievement and intellectual ability and the child's response to intervention

Accepted Answer

A learning disability is typically determined by a severe discrepancy between a child's achievement and intellectual ability, as well as the child's response to intervention. Brain imaging may be used as a diagnostic tool, but it is not typically the only factor used in the determination of a learning disability. Therefore, choice D is the best choice.

Question 16

Learning disabilities can be considered because it includes such varied characteristics.
A) a useless term
B) an umbrella term
C) a stigmatizing label
D) an achievement label

Accepted Answer

Learning disabilities is an umbrella term that encompasses a range of characteristics that can impact learning, including difficulties with language, reading, writing, math, memory, attention, and problem solving. It acknowledges that there are diverse ways in which individuals can experience challenges with learning, rather than labeling them based on one specific characteristic or ability.

Question 17

According to the text, determining the prevalence of learning disabilities is complicated because
A) there are differing definitions, theoretical perspectives, and assessment procedures used.
B) parents of children with learning problems resist the label of learning disabilities.
C) students with learning disabilities are served primarily in regular classrooms, and therefore they are not included in prevalence data.
D) it is difficult to distinguish between students with learning disabilities and students with intellectual disabilities.

Accepted Answer

The text explains that determining the prevalence of learning disabilities is complicated because there are differing definitions, theoretical perspectives, and assessment procedures used. This suggests that there is no standard or consistent way of identifying and measuring learning disabilities, making it difficult to determine their prevalence with accuracy. The other choices are not mentioned in the text as major reasons for the complexity of determining prevalence.

Question 18

Neurological causes of brain damage and learning disabilities may include
A) phenotypic insult or trauma.
B) paternal age.
C) retinal dysplasia.
D) anoxia.

Accepted Answer

Anoxia, or lack of oxygen to the brain, can cause damage to the brain and lead to learning disabilities. A and C are not related causes, and while paternal age may have some correlation, it is not a neurological cause of brain damage or learning disabilities.

Question 19

Vivian has a problem with figure - ground discrimination. This means Vivian may have trouble reading because she
A) cannot see the words.
B) perceives letters as unrelated lines.
C) she sees numbers reversed.
D) she has difficulty distinguishing words from the rest of the page.

Accepted Answer

Figure-ground discrimination refers to the ability to distinguish an object from its surrounding background. Vivian's difficulty with this may result in her finding it hard to distinguish the words from the rest of the page when reading.

Question 20

Which of the following has NOT contributed to confusion associated with learning disabilities (LD)?
A) Previously, many children were mislabeled.
B) Learning disabilities involve many types of problems.
C) Individuals with LD exhibit complex needs and characteristics.
D) Advancing diagnostic technology has confused causation data.

Accepted Answer

Advancing diagnostic technology has actually helped clarify and better understand the causes and nature of LD, rather than contributing to confusion.

Quiz 7: Learning Disabilities

Prevalence estimates for learning disabilities are more variable than other disability categories due to

Hyperactivity is typically thought of as

Comorbidity research investigates the degree to which children and youth

In the area of reading, specific single method skill instruction may improve performance, but if the focus of instruction is too narrow the student may not

Learning disabilities

Korbin has difficulty with visual discrimination. This means he may

Mark has difficulty with reading comprehension. His teacher has determined that Mark often is confused about the central theme of the passage he has read, focusing instead on peripheral information. It is possible that Mark has a

Intelligence among individuals with learning disabilities is

Declining numbers of students with learning disabilities may be due to which of the following reasons?

Students with reading disabilities may experience difficulty when trying to

According to IDEA 2004, the term "learning disabilities" includes students who have learning problems resulting from

The most common academic problems found among students who have specific learning disabilities is

Difficulties that occur in handwriting of children who have learning disabilities may be attributed to

Seth has difficulty with kinesthetic information. This means he may have

A learning disability can be determined by which of the following?

Learning disabilities can be considered because it includes such varied characteristics.

According to the text, determining the prevalence of learning disabilities is complicated because

Neurological causes of brain damage and learning disabilities may include

Vivian has a problem with figure - ground discrimination. This means Vivian may have trouble reading because she

Which of the following has NOT contributed to confusion associated with learning disabilities (LD) ?