Question 1

Before the rise of science, the most commonly used explanation for deviant behavior was illiteracy.

Accepted Answer

Before the rise of science, deviant behavior was often explained through moral and religious beliefs rather than illiteracy.

Question 2

A scope of behavior considered acceptable and defined as acceptable is the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A scope of behavior considered acceptable and...

Question 3

According to Walter Reckless, inner containment is the first barrier individuals develop against adopting deviant behavior as being acceptable.

Accepted Answer

According to Walter Reckless, inner containment refers to an individual's self-control, self-image, and personal values that create a barrier against adopting deviant behavior as acceptable. The development of strong inner containment is seen as the first line of defense against deviant behavior.

Question 4

In everyday life, the definition of deviance is rather simple, direct, and consistent for all members of the same culture in the same society.

Accepted Answer

The definition of deviance can vary between different cultures and societies, and even within the same culture and society depending on the context and situation. Therefore, it is not always simple, direct, or consistent for all members.

Question 5

Merton's five typologies of modes of adaptive behavior are synonymous with personality types.

Accepted Answer

Merton's five typologies of modes of adaptive behavior are not personality types but rather ways individuals adapt to cultural goals and the means of achieving them, focusing on societal structure and anomie.

Question 6

Social learning theories contend that all behavior (including deviance) is learned through social interaction.

Accepted Answer

Social learning theories propose that all behavior, including deviant behavior, is learned through social interaction and observation of others.

Question 7

The study of bumps on the head and protrusions of the skull as being evidence of the cause of deviant behavior, such as mental illness, crime, and violence, is referred to as physiognomy.

Accepted Answer

The study described is called phrenology, not physiognomy. Phrenology is the pseudoscience that involves the measurement of bumps on the skull to predict mental traits, while physiognomy is the assessment of a person's character or personality from their outer appearance, especially the face.

Question 8

The term used to describe the approach that emphasizes defined guidelines for desired behavior and uses these guidelines to qualify behavior as being either deviant or conformist is the societal reactive approach.

Accepted Answer

The correct term for the approach that emphasizes defined guidelines for desired behavior and uses these guidelines to qualify behavior as being either deviant or conformist is the normative approach.

Question 9

One of the advantages of the interactionist approach in understanding deviance is that it explains the initial motivations for deviance and how members of society decide which norms to enforce and what activities to label as deviant.

Accepted Answer

The interactionist approach focuses on how deviance is socially constructed through interactions and labels, rather than explaining initial motivations or societal decisions on norms.

Question 10

Norms that tell us what we should do are classified as being ________; norms that tell us what we should not do are classified as being ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Norms that tell us what we should...

Question 11

Social control theories contend that deviance is normal and that conformity is the behavior that needs explained.

Accepted Answer

Social control theories, also known as social bonding theories, suggest that without social controls, individuals would naturally engage in deviant behavior. Therefore, the focus is on explaining why individuals conform to social norms and expectations, rather than why they deviate from them.

Question 12

The purpose of the "V-chip" is to block specific programs from television reception.

Accepted Answer

The purpose of the "V-chip" technology is to allow parents to program their television to block specific programs from being viewed by their children.

Question 13

While all crime is deviance, not all deviance is crime.

Accepted Answer

Deviance refers to any behavior that violates social norms, but not all deviant behavior is necessarily illegal. Some forms of deviance, such as choosing to wear unconventional clothing or having atypical hobbies, may be frowned upon by society but are not against the law. In contrast, crime refers specifically to behaviors that are prohibited by law and punishable by the criminal justice system. Therefore, while all crime is deviant, not all deviance is criminal.

Question 14

Master status refers to any position an individual occupies in the social structure that overshadows the negative statuses one may occupy.

Accepted Answer

Master status refers to a status that is dominant in an individual's social identity, which can be positive or negative, not necessarily overshadowing negative statuses.

Question 15

The form of suicide Durkheim identified as occurring in "folk societies" and other closely bonded small groups was fatalistic suicide.

Accepted Answer

Durkheim identified fatalistic suicide as occurring under conditions of excessive regulation, where future prospects are bleak, not specifically in "folk societies" or closely bonded small groups. He associated "altruistic suicide" with closely bonded social groups, where individuals might kill themselves for the benefit of the group.

Question 16

There is no definitive conclusion regarding the effects of reading and viewing pornography in respect to whether or not it increases sex crimes or other acts of violence against women.

Accepted Answer

Despite numerous studies on this topic, there is no clear consensus among experts. Some studies suggest a positive correlation between pornography exposure and increased aggressive behavior towards women, while others suggest no significant relationship.

Question 17

When voluntary social control is insufficient and folkways or mores are violated, formal social control is necessary.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When voluntary social control is insufficient and...

Question 18

The term ________ is used to refer to deviance as being analogous to illness and typically associated with disease and is the basis for the ________ of society where problems once thought of as social or behavioral in nature are now attributed to disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term ________ is used to refer...

Question 19

Gossip, ridicule, ostracism, and shame are methods of informal social control.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Gossip, ridicule, ostracism, and shame are all ways in which individuals or groups attempt to control the behavior of others through social pressure, rather than through formal legal or institutional means. These forms of control can be powerful, and can be used to enforce both positive and negative social norms.

Question 20

The collective term for behaviors that are discouraged or punished, such as placing one's feet on the table or cheating on exams, is proscriptive behavior.

Accepted Answer

Proscriptive behavior refers to actions that are considered inappropriate, unacceptable or prohibited in a certain context or society. Examples of proscriptive behaviors include stealing, lying, cheating, and breaking the law. These actions are discouraged or punished in order to maintain social order and avoid harm to individuals or groups.

Quiz 7: Deviance and Conformity