Question 1

The measure of how valuable you think you are is self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem is defined as a person's overall sense of self-worth and value, therefore it is a measure of how valuable you think you are.

Question 2

The tendency to infer that a person has many positive attributes based on the belief that he or she has some positive qualities is called the Pygmalion effect.

Accepted Answer

The tendency described is known as the halo effect. The Pygmalion effect refers to the phenomenon where higher expectations lead to an increase in performance.

Question 3

The process of perception occurs in three continuous stages that blend into one another.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process of perception occurs in three...

Question 4

You just learned about the Johari window and your psychology teacher wants you to explain it to the class. Explain the window and give examples.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You just learned about the Johari window...

Question 5

Schemata are mental templates that we create to provide us with general ideas about people.

Accepted Answer

Schemata are mental templates we create to provide us with general ideas about people, situations, and concepts. These mental structures help us process information and make sense of the world around us. However, they can also lead to biases and stereotypes if we rely too heavily on them without considering individual differences and nuances.

Question 6

Politeness in interpersonal communication refers to behavior that allows others to maintain both positive and negative face.

Accepted Answer

Politeness is about respecting both the positive and negative face of others. It involves using language and behavior that does not threaten or offend others and allows them to maintain their dignity and social status.

Question 7

To what extent do you subscribe to the self-destructive beliefs mentioned in the text? What can you do to reverse them?

Accepted Answer

The answer of To what extent do you subscribe to...

Question 8

JoAnn is such an extrovert. She engages in friendly conversation with just about everyone with whom she comes into contact throughout the day, and she seems to attract others to her like a magnet. My perception of JoAnn is being influenced primarily by the personality theory.

Accepted Answer

JoAnn's behavior is consistent with the traits and characteristics associated with the extroverted personality type in the Five Factor Model of Personality, which is a popular personality theory.

Question 9

Define a self-fulfilling prophecy. In what ways might a self-fulfilling prophecy be positive or negative? How might you use the concept to your benefit?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define a self-fulfilling prophecy. In what ways...

Question 10

The process of perceptual accentuation causes us to see what we want or expect to see.

Accepted Answer

Perceptual accentuation is a process where our perceptions are influenced by our expectations, motives, and emotions. It can cause us to see things that conform to our expectations and ignore things that do not. This can lead to biased perceptions and judgments.

Question 11

When Ron goes to eat dinner, he expects to be seated and receive a menu; then a server will take his drink order, take his dinner order, and later bring the check. This is an example of a stereotype.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a script, which is a sequence of expected behaviors for a particular situation, not a stereotype.

Question 12

The self-serving bias leads us to take credit for the positive and to deny responsibility for the negative.

Accepted Answer

Self-serving bias is a cognitive bias that causes people to take credit for positive events or outcomes, but to blame external factors for negative events or outcomes.

Question 13

One rule of perception is that of proximity, or physical closeness. According to this theory, things that are physically close are perceived as a unit.

Accepted Answer

The rule of proximity states that things that are physically close are perceived as a unit, so the statement is true.

Question 14

Stereotyping includes phrases like "All women are. . ." or "All Baptists are. . ."

Accepted Answer

Stereotyping involves making generalizations about a group of people based on limited or false assumptions, which often leads to unfair judgments and discrimination. Phrases like "all women are" or "all Baptists are" are examples of stereotyping because they assume that individuals within a group share certain characteristics or behaviors, which is not always the case.

Question 15

After overcoming some initial anxiety, Pat is enjoying an intercultural exchange trip but is having trouble getting to know Mei, her host. Share some uncertainty reduction strategies with Pat.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After overcoming some initial anxiety, Pat is...

Question 16

Research on the primacy-recency effect confirms the belief that first impressions do not really matter.

Accepted Answer

The primacy-recency effect actually suggests that first and last impressions have a stronger impact on our perceptions and memories than information presented in the middle. Therefore, first impressions do matter to some extent.

Question 17

The primary-recency effect tends to heighten the accuracy of perception.

Accepted Answer

The primary-recency effect influences memory recall by making the first and last items in a series more memorable than the middle items, but it does not inherently heighten the accuracy of perception.

Question 18

Chris, while managing at Pizza Bob's, has recently become very depressed, and is interested in increasing his self-awareness. Briefly give Chris some suggestions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chris, while managing at Pizza Bob's, has...

Question 19

We are more likely to remember information if it is consistent with our schema.

Accepted Answer

Schemas are mental frameworks or structures that help us organize and categorize information. When new information is consistent with our existing schemas, it is easier to process and remember. The more familiar and consistent the information is with our schema, the more likely it is to be encoded and remembered.

Question 20

The tendency to maintain balance among perceptions or attitudes is called attribution of control.

Accepted Answer

The tendency to maintain balance among perceptions or attitudes is actually called cognitive consistency, not attribution of control. Attribution of control refers to the process of assigning responsibility or control to oneself or external factors for a certain event or outcome.

Quiz 3: Perception of the Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication