Deck 3: Perception of the Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication

Question 1

Noxious people _______.

A) criticize and find fault
B) are positive and make you feel good about yourself
C) employ constructive criticism
D) praise and compliment

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Phillip is daydreaming in class and does not hear what the teacher is saying until his name is called. This is an example of _______.

A) selective attention
B) selective exposure
C) perceptual accentuation
D) halo effect

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Laura was often late to work and didn't get along well with her supervisor. When the cash register came up $100 short, Laura was blamed. The ________ could be the reason she was accused.

A) halo effect
B) self-serving bias
C) reverse halo effect
D) fundamental attribution error.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The extent to which you know yourself accurately is referred to as (the) _______.

A) self
B) self-concept
C) self-awareness
D) self-esteem

Question 5

Which one of the four selves represents truths about yourself that neither you nor others know?

A) hidden self
B) blind self
C) open self
D) unknown self

Question 6

Noticing, reading, and listening to numerous advertisements for the car you just bought is an example of _______.

A) selective attention
B) selective exposure
C) proximity
D) resemblance

Question 7

Which of the following is the definition of cognitive self-esteem?

A) your preoccupancy with your weaknesses
B) your feelings about yourself in light if your analysis of your strengths and weaknesses
C) your thinking about your strengths and weaknesses
D) your verbal and nonverbal behaviors

Question 8

Reggie is well-dressed, friendly and on time to his job interview. Therefore, the interviewer also assumes he is intelligent and capable. This is an example of the _______.

A) self-serving bias
B) self-fulfilling prophecy
C) halo effect
D) reverse halo effect

Question 9

Your________ varies in size depending on the situation you're in and the person with whom you're interacting.

A) hidden self
B) blind self
C) open self
D) unknown self

Question 10

C.H. Cooley's concept of the looking glass self says that _______.

A) you compare yourself to persons in groups you are with and see how you measure up
B) significant others learn their self-concepts from your verbal and nonverbal messages
C) you interpret and evaluate your own behavior
D) your self-concept develops through looking at the image of yourself that others reveal to you

Question 11

Kelvin is very open about his political views and discusses them with anyone who will listen. This is an example of information in his ________ self.

A) open
B) blind
C) hidden
D) assertive

Question 12

Andre assumed Rachel worked at the hospital because she was dressed in scrubs. This is an example of the rule of _______.

A) contrast.
B) similarity.
C) stereotyping.
D) proximity.

Question 13

The four contributors to self-concept are others' images of you, social comparisons, self-evaluations, and _______.

A) your genetic make-up
B) regional characteristics
C) your schooling
D) cultural teachings

Question 14

Gestures like rubbing your nose when you get angry, traits such as a distinct body odor, or significant details such as fight strategies, and repressed experiences are all examples of the _______.

A) hidden self
B) blind self
C) open self
D) unknown self

Question 15

Your friend, Pat, was born into a wealthy family. Every time he succeeds in life, people claim it's due to his family's money. This would be an example of _______.

A) a fundamental attribution error
B) perceptual accentuation
C) consistency
D) overattribution

Question 16

You see a group of people physically close together and conclude they are friends or coworkers. This is the principle of _______.

A) proximity
B) similarity
C) selective attention
D) selective exposure

Question 17

In this stage of the perceptual process, you create "cognitive tags."

A) organization
B) memory
C) recall
D) stimulation

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a self-affirmation?

A) I don't blame that girl for saying "no," I'm kind of a loser.
B) I'm a worthy person but there's always room for improvement.
C) My sister is so much smarter than I will ever be.
D) I barely studied for this test; I'm going to do poorly.

Question 19

During this stage of interpersonal perception, you give signals some kind of meaning.

A) stimulation
B) organization-interpretation
C) interpretation-evaluation
D) memory

Question 20

Which one of the four selves represents information you know about yourself but others do not.

A) hidden self
B) blind self
C) open self
D) unknown self

Question 21

If the cause of a person's behavior is a personality trait of that person, then the cause is _______.

A) external
B) internal
C) motivational
D) environmental

Question 22

Self-handicapping strategies serve the purpose of _______.

A) excusing failure
B) confirming self-image
C) securing help
D) hiding faults

Question 23

Credibility strategies seek to establish your competence, character, and _______.

A) creativity
B) capability
C) comprehension
D) charisma

Question 24

The perceptual process in which you're more influenced by what you sense first or last is ________.

A) proximity and consensus
B) primacy and recency
C) consensus and resemblance
D) consistency and distinctiveness

Question 25

According to the text, it is unhealthy to use social comparisons to form your self-concept.

Question 26

Self-awareness is the extent to which you accurately know yourself.

Question 27

Inorder, the stages of the perceptual process are _______.

A) receiving, understanding, remembering, evaluating, and responding
B) stimulation, interpretation-evaluation, organization, memory, and recall
C) stimulation, organization, interpretation-evaluation, memory, and recall
D) receiving, evaluating, understanding, remembering, and responding

Question 28

In the ________, you take credit for the positive and deny responsibility for the negative.

A) self-serving bias
B) self-fulfilling prophecy
C) Pollyanna effect
D) Pygmalion effect

Question 29

Which of the following is a suggestion for how to increase accuracy in impression formation?

A) increase cultural sensitivity
B) ignore your role in perception
C) accept uncertainty
D) draw early conclusions

Question 30

Coach Campbell believes the best of each of his players and assumes they all work hard and receive good grades. As a result, most of his players do work hard and receive good grades. This is an example of what?

A) the Pygmalion effect
B) implicit personality theory
C) Pollyanna effect
D) self-serving bias

Question 31

Which of the following is an example of consistency in impression formation?

A) Because she is smart, I also assume she enjoys reading.
B) Because she is religious, I assume she is judgmental.
C) Because he is a male, I assume he also enjoys watching football.
D) Because I think she is a good person, I assume she does good things.

Question 32

If you believe you're going to score an "A" on a test, you may start studying more, which in turn may lead you to receive that high grade. This would exemplify the _______.

A) schema effect.
B) Pollyanna effect.
C) implicit personality theory.
D) self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 33

"I know why she was late. She's irresponsible and inconsiderate," is an example of _______.

A) a self-fulfilling prophecy
B) the fundamental attribution error
C) overattribution
D) consistency

Question 34

A stereotype is a(n) _______.

A) organized body of information about some action, event or procedure
B) example of self-fulfilling prophecy
C) fixed impression of a group of people
D) self-serving bias

Question 35

The Johari Window represents the four major components of self-awareness.

Question 36

The unknown self represents information about you that is known to others, but not to self.

Question 37

The self-concept, unlike other communication constructs, is rather independent of cultural influence.

Question 38

Affinity-seeking strategies increase _______.

A) our chances of being liked
B) our cultural identification
C) judgment
D) our chances of being rejected

Question 39

Veronique mistook Callie's friendly attitude and politeness for genuine liking and friendship, perhaps because she was looking for a friend at that time. When you see what you want to see, this is called _______.

A) perceptual accentuation
B) overattribution
C) the fundamental attribution error
D) the self-serving bias

Question 40

Expressions such as, "I can understand why you're so angry," "It's okay to talk about fear," and asking if your phone call comes at a good time are all examples of _______.

A) other-orientation
B) overattribution
C) the self-serving bias
D) perception checking

Question 41

The measure of how valuable you think you are is self-esteem.

Question 42

The tendency to infer that a person has many positive attributes based on the belief that he or she has some positive qualities is called the Pygmalion effect.

Question 43

The process of perception occurs in three continuous stages that blend into one another.

Question 44

You just learned about the Johari window and your psychology teacher wants you to explain it to the class. Explain the window and give examples.

Question 45

Schemata are mental templates that we create to provide us with general ideas about people.

Question 46

Politeness in interpersonal communication refers to behavior that allows others to maintain both positive and negative face.

Question 47

To what extent do you subscribe to the self-destructive beliefs mentioned in the text? What can you do to reverse them?

Question 48

JoAnn is such an extrovert. She engages in friendly conversation with just about everyone with whom she comes into contact throughout the day, and she seems to attract others to her like a magnet. My perception of JoAnn is being influenced primarily by the personality theory.

Question 49

Define a self-fulfilling prophecy. In what ways might a self-fulfilling prophecy be positive or negative? How might you use the concept to your benefit?

Question 50

The process of perceptual accentuation causes us to see what we want or expect to see.

Question 51

When Ron goes to eat dinner, he expects to be seated and receive a menu; then a server will take his drink order, take his dinner order, and later bring the check. This is an example of a stereotype.

Question 52

The self-serving bias leads us to take credit for the positive and to deny responsibility for the negative.

Question 53

One rule of perception is that of proximity, or physical closeness. According to this theory, things that are physically close are perceived as a unit.

Question 54

Stereotyping includes phrases like "All women are. . ." or "All Baptists are. . ."

Question 55

After overcoming some initial anxiety, Pat is enjoying an intercultural exchange trip but is having trouble getting to know Mei, her host. Share some uncertainty reduction strategies with Pat.

Question 56

Research on the primacy-recency effect confirms the belief that first impressions do not really matter.

Question 57

The primary-recency effect tends to heighten the accuracy of perception.

Question 58

Chris, while managing at Pizza Bob's, has recently become very depressed, and is interested in increasing his self-awareness. Briefly give Chris some suggestions.

Question 59

We are more likely to remember information if it is consistent with our schema.

Question 60

The tendency to maintain balance among perceptions or attitudes is called attribution of control.

Question 61

We tend to use seven strategies to shape our image and put forth a good impression. Choose
3 of the 7 and describe how you have used them in interpersonal communication.