Question 1

The most effective nursing intervention to prevent an infant from aspirating or choking on an oral medication would be to

Accepted Answer

Administering the medication slowly and in small amounts allows the infant to swallow the medication safely and reduces the risk of aspiration or choking. Injecting the medication into the buccal area quickly can increase the risk of aspiration, and using a glass dropper beside the tongue may also increase the risk of choking or aspiration. Placing the infant in a supine position with the head tilted can also increase the risk of aspiration.

Question 2

When trying to get the toddler to take his oral pain medication after surgery,the nurse's most appropriate comment would be

Accepted Answer

Offering a choice between two pleasant options (sherbet or Jell-O) to take the medication provides a sense of control to the toddler, making it more likely for them to comply without feeling forced. This approach is more effective and appropriate than trying to persuade or minimize the experience.

Question 3

Which of the following statements by the nurse to a group of pregnant women who plan to breastfeed best reflects the need for cautious medication use during lactation?

Accepted Answer

It is important for the nurse to emphasize the need for cautious medication use during lactation, as most drugs can be transferred to breast milk and potentially affect the newborn. Option A is incorrect and may discourage breastfeeding, which is not supported by evidence-based practice. Option B is also potentially dangerous advice, as even a single dose of certain medications can have harmful effects on the newborn. Option C is incorrect as the neonate's liver may not be fully matured and able to metabolize certain drugs.

Question 4

The nurse would administer nose drops to an infant with nasal congestion how many minutes prior to a feeding?

Accepted Answer

Administering nose drops 20 to 30 minutes before feeding allows time for the medication to work, clearing nasal congestion and making it easier for the infant to feed.

Question 5

Which of the following rationales does not support termination of breastfeeding when a client begins potent antibiotic therapy for pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Most antibiotics prescribed during breastfeeding are considered safe, and the method of administration (intravenous vs. oral) does not typically necessitate termination of breastfeeding. The primary concern with antibiotics and breastfeeding is the drug's safety for the infant, not the method of administration.

Question 6

A pregnant client in her third trimester has an order to receive a prescribed medication.The nurse understands that transfer of drugs through the placenta is greatest during this time because of which of the following factors?

Accepted Answer

During the third trimester, there is enhanced uteroplacental blood flow, which increases the transfer of drugs through the placenta.

Question 7

The most appropriate technique for instilling eye drops in a pediatric client is to

Accepted Answer

Holding mild pressure for 30 seconds after instilling the drops helps to ensure that the medication stays in the eye and is absorbed properly. This technique can also reduce the risk of the medication going into the child's throat or nose. Waiting for the burning sensation to stop or flexing the neck are not appropriate techniques for administering eye drops to a pediatric client. Inverting the dropper may cause the medication to leak out and is not a recommended technique.

Question 8

The nurse working in a newborn nursery understands that which factor places the neonate at risk regarding pharmacokinetics?

Accepted Answer

Immature renal functioning puts the neonate at risk regarding pharmacokinetics because the neonate's kidneys are not yet fully developed to eliminate drugs efficiently from the body. This can lead to drug accumulation and potential toxicity. Hyperperistaltic bowel, dysfunctional musculoskeletal system, and efficient temperature regulation do not directly affect pharmacokinetics.

Question 9

The nurse is doing anticipatory teaching with a woman who is contemplating pregnancy.The nurse would strongly encourage the woman to avoid taking medication during which critical period because of the effects on the fetus?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is doing anticipatory teaching with...

Question 10

Physiologic differences in an infant compared with an adult affect the amount of drug needed to produce a therapeutic effect.Which of the following is one of the differences?

Accepted Answer

Infants have a higher percentage of their body weight as water (approximately 75%) compared to adults. This increased water composition affects the distribution of water-soluble drugs, potentially requiring adjustments in dosing.

Question 11

The nurse conducting health teaching with high-risk young women in the community shares that maternal cocaine use during pregnancy has led to which of the following fetal complications?

Accepted Answer

Maternal cocaine use during pregnancy has been linked to an increased risk of fetal complications such as congenital heart disease. It can also cause other health problems such as premature labor, low birth weight, and brain development issues. B is incorrect because cocaine use during pregnancy can actually increase heart rates in fetuses. C and D are not directly related to maternal cocaine use.

Question 12

The nurse conducting preventative health teaching with a pregnant client states that heavy use of alcohol during pregnancy may result in which of the following complications in the fetus?

Accepted Answer

Heavy use of alcohol during pregnancy may result in retarded growth, also known as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Endocrine hyperplasia, dermatologic changes, and polycystic kidneys are not commonly associated with alcohol use during pregnancy.

Question 13

Which of the following is not a special consideration of the neonate regarding resisting stressors?

Accepted Answer

While all of these factors are special considerations of the neonate regarding resisting stressors, excess stomach acid is not one of them. In fact, neonates have less stomach acid than adults, making them more vulnerable to bacterial infections.

Question 14

The best advice for the nurse to give a toddler who is about to receive preoperative injected medications would be

Accepted Answer

Providing honest information about the procedure in a simple and straightforward manner is appropriate for a toddler. It helps build trust and prepares the child for what to expect.

Question 15

Along with fetal alcohol syndrome,other factors that may affect the pharmacokinetics and subsequent nursing actions in neonates include

Accepted Answer

Neonates have decreased microsomal enzyme activity, which affects drug metabolism and can increase the risk of toxicity. B is incorrect because neonates actually have decreased renal function and thus decreased glomerular filtration. C is incorrect because neonates have decreased protein binding, which can increase the free drug fraction and risk of toxicity. D is incorrect because neonates have delayed gastric emptying, which can affect drug absorption.

Question 16

When preparing a 3-year-old boy for preoperative injections,the nurse should do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Allowing the child to give a doll an injection with an empty syringe without a needle can help him understand the process and feel more in control, without causing unnecessary anxiety. Option A may be too complex for a 3-year-old, while option B may not be effective enough. Option D is not a helpful or therapeutic approach.

Question 17

The nurse teaches a lactating woman that drug effects on the infant may be minimized by taking medications

Accepted Answer

Taking medications right after breastfeeding allows the maximum amount of time for the drug to be metabolized and eliminated before the next breastfeeding session, minimizing the drug's effect on the infant.

Question 18

The nurse explains to a woman who has just found out she is pregnant that which of the following common drugs does not need to be avoided during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is generally considered safe to use during pregnancy for mild to moderate pain relief and fever reduction. Aspirin and certain cough and cold products containing certain ingredients (such as decongestants) should be avoided during pregnancy, and while moderate caffeine intake is usually safe, excessive intake should be limited.

Question 19

The scalp vein is most often used for IV infusion in the neonate because of which principle?

Accepted Answer

Scalp veins do not have valves, which allows infusions to flow in either direction. This is important in neonates as they have poor peripheral circulation and the ability to deliver medications and fluids to the central circulation quickly can be life-saving. While other sites may be used for IV therapy in neonates, the scalp vein is often the preferred site due to its accessibility and suitability for rapid infusion rates. However, drugs cannot be given in higher dextrose concentrations at this site as it can cause local tissue damage.

Question 20

After administering a rectal suppository to an infant,the nurse should hold or tape the buttocks together for how long?

Accepted Answer

Holding or taping the buttocks together for 5 to 10 minutes allows the suppository to dissolve and be absorbed. This ensures that the medication will be effective. Holding for a shorter period of time may not give the medication enough time to work, while holding for longer could cause discomfort for the infant.

Quiz 7: Maternal and Child Drug Therapy