Question 1

The ________ theory of the relationship between intelligence and creativity says that a person must be at least slightly more intelligent than average to be considered creative, but beyond that point, the two are not related.
A) threshold
B) interaction
C) creative intelligence
D) Getzels and Jackson

Accepted Answer

The threshold theory proposes that a minimum level of intelligence is necessary for creativity, but above that threshold, there is no significant correlation between intelligence and creativity. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Option B is incorrect because the interaction theory suggests that intelligence and creativity interact and influence each other. Option C refers to a specific theory that proposes a distinct form of intelligence called creative intelligence, which is not relevant to the given question. Option D refers to the names of the researchers who proposed the interaction theory, which is also not relevant to the given question.

Question 2

The environmentalists' position on intelligence is best summarized by saying that ________.
A) heredity is not involved in intelligence except in cases of congenital brain malformations or retardation
B) mental capacities are inherited, but their development depends on environmental experiences
C) mental capacities are determined primarily by the environment, and their development depends exclusively on environmental experiences
D) intelligence results from a combination of genetic inheritance and prenatal experiences

Accepted Answer

According to the environmentalists' position on intelligence, mental capacities are inherited but their development depends on environmental experiences. This position suggests that intelligence is not solely determined by genetics, but also influenced by environmental factors such as education, socialization, and personal experiences.

Question 3

The results of Skeels's study showed that ________.
A) IQ's of adults could be improved by letting them associate with children
B) IQ's of orphans could be improved by letting them associate with severely retarded adults
C) there is no way to improve the IQ's of children in institutions
D) all infant orphans become mentally retarded

Accepted Answer

Skeels's study showed that the IQ's of orphans could be improved by letting them associate with severely retarded adults.

Question 4

Overall, research on gender differences in mental abilities indicates that, on average, ________.
A) males have superior mathematical abilities while females have superior verbal abilities
B) females have superior mathematical abilities while males have superior verbal abilities
C) females have superior mathematical and verbal abilities
D) there are no significant differences between males and females in mathematical or verbal abilities

Accepted Answer

Research on gender differences in mental abilities shows that there are no significant overall differences between males and females in mathematical or verbal abilities. However, there may be individual differences among males and females, and it is important to avoid making assumptions or generalizations based on gender.

Question 5

The process insuring that disabled students are more likely to socialize with nondisabled peers in school is called ________.
A) inclusion
B) channeling
C) flooding
D) mastery teaching

Accepted Answer

The process described is inclusion, which refers to the effort to fully integrate students with disabilities into general education classrooms and activities, including socialization with nondisabled peers. Choice B (channeling) refers to directing a student's behavior into a more appropriate direction or channel, and choice C (flooding) refers to a therapy technique for treating anxiety by exposing the person to the feared object or situation in a controlled manner. Choice D (mastery teaching) refers to a teaching approach that emphasizes helping students reach mastery of skills or content, but it is not directly related to socialization of disabled students.

Question 6

In comparing Asian and American attitudes toward academic performance, ________ believe that studying hard, rather than innate ability, is most important.
A) Asians, but not Americans,
B) Americans, but not Asians,
C) neither Asians nor Americans
D) both Asians and Americans

Accepted Answer

Asian cultures traditionally emphasize the importance of hard work and effort in achieving academic success, whereas American culture often places more emphasis on innate ability.

Question 7

In recent years, the difference in intelligence scores between Blacks and Whites has ________.
A) decreased
B) increased
C) not changed
D) fluctuated wildly

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the difference in intelligence scores between Blacks and Whites has decreased in recent years. This is believed to be due to a combination of factors such as improved education access and reduced societal discrimination.

Question 8

The phenomenon in which among the population as a whole, IQ scores have been steadily increasing over several decades is known as the ________.
A) Flynn Effect
B) Peter Principle
C) Barnum Effect
D) Phi Phenomenon

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon in which IQ scores have been steadily increasing over several decades is known as the Flynn Effect, named after James Flynn who first identified it. The Peter Principle refers to the tendency for individuals to be promoted to a level of incompetence, the Barnum Effect is the tendency for people to believe that vague and general personality descriptions apply specifically to them, and the Phi Phenomenon refers to the illusion of visual motion that occurs when two or more adjacent lights are switched on and off in quick succession.

Question 9

In the majority of cases, the cause of intellectual disability is ________.
A) poor prenatal nutrition
B) unknown
C) clearly identified genetic abnormalities
D) prenatal drug abuse by the mother

Accepted Answer

The cause of intellectual disability remains unknown in most cases, although some cases may be linked to genetic abnormalities or prenatal factors such as poor nutrition or drug abuse.

Question 10

________ percent of the population has IQ scores between 70 and 130.
A) Sixty-five
B) Seventy-five
C) Ninety-five
D) Eighty-five

Accepted Answer

The normal distribution curve of IQ scores is bell-shaped and approximately 95% of the scores fall within two standard deviations (15 points) of the mean score of 100. Therefore, 70 and 130 are both within two standard deviations of the mean, so approximately 95% of the population has IQ scores between 70 and 130.

Question 11

Which of the following groups of children are most likely to have the most similar IQ scores?
A) opposite-sex fraternal twins
B) siblings reared together
C) identical twins reared apart
D) same-sex fraternal twins

Accepted Answer

Identical twins share 100% of their genetic material, therefore, they are the most likely group to have similar IQ scores. Even if they were reared apart, much of their intelligence is genetically determined. Opposite-sex fraternal twins share 50% of their genetic material and same-sex fraternal twins share 50% of their genetic material on average, making them less likely to have similar IQ scores. Siblings reared together may share some genetic material but not as much as identical twins, and they may also be influenced by different environmental factors which could lead to greater variation in their IQ scores.

Question 12

If an IQ test correlates positively with school performance, it gains in ________.
A) face validity
B) predictive reliability
C) content validity
D) criterion-related validity

Accepted Answer

Criterion-related validity is the extent to which a measure correlates positively with a criterion measure (in this case, school performance). Therefore, if an IQ test is shown to have a positive correlation with school performance, it gains in criterion-related validity. Face validity refers to how well a measure appears to assess what it claims to measure, content validity refers to the extent to which a measure covers all aspects of the construct it intends to measure, and predictive reliability refers to how consistently a measure predicts future outcomes.

Question 13

Critics of IQ tests claim that the only thing they really measure is ________.
A) test-taking ability
B) verbal skills
C) educational level
D) creativity

Accepted Answer

Critics argue that IQ tests are not an accurate measurement of intelligence but rather a measure of an individual's test-taking ability. This is because IQ tests often require knowledge of and familiarity with test-taking strategies and formats, beyond intellectual ability or potential.

Question 14

Some people with intellectual disabilities exhibit remarkable abilities in highly specialized areas such as numerical computation, art, or music. These abilities are known as ________ performance.
A) savant
B) Mensa
C) paradoxical
D) profound

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe individuals with intellectual disabilities who exhibit remarkable abilities in highly specialized areas is savant performance.

Question 15

The Torrance Test of Creative Thinking asks subjects to ________.
A) list as many words containing a given letter as possible
B) explain what is happening in a picture
C) form associative elements into new combinations that meet specific requirements
D) produce a single verbal response that relates three apparently unrelated words

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Torrance Test of Creative Thinking asks...

Question 16

Currently, ________ refers to superior IQ combined with demonstrated or potential ability in such areas as academic aptitude and creativity.
A) genius
B) giftedness
C) precocious
D) savant performance

Accepted Answer

Giftedness refers to a high level of intelligence combined with demonstrated or potential ability in areas such as academics and creativity. Genius, although related, does not necessarily require demonstration of ability or potential in specific areas. Precocious typically refers to early development or maturity in one specific area, and savant performance refers to exceptional abilities in a specific skill or domain despite overall cognitive deficits.

Question 17

The Christensen-Guilford Test is a test of ________.
A) achievement
B) aptitude
C) creativity
D) intelligence

Accepted Answer

The Christensen-Guilford Test is specifically designed to assess creativity, making choice (C) the best answer. The test was developed by two psychologists, Donald Christensen and J.P. Guilford, who were interested in measuring various aspects of creativity. The test has a number of different subtests that measure various components of creativity, such as divergent thinking, fluency, flexibility, and originality.

Question 18

A disorder in which the liver fails to produce a certain enzyme necessary for early brain development is ________.
A) Down syndrome
B) PKU
C) fragile-X syndrome
D) Tay Sach's disease

Accepted Answer

PKU (phenylketonuria) is caused by a genetic mutation that leads to a deficiency in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, which is necessary to break down the amino acid phenylalanine. When phenylalanine builds up in the blood and brain, it can lead to brain damage and intellectual disabilities if not treated early. Treatment involves a special diet low in phenylalanine.

Question 19

The largest program designed to improve educationally disadvantaged children's chances of school achievement is the ________.
A) Perry Preschool program
B) Head Start program
C) Hobbs and Robinson program
D) Milwaukee Project

Accepted Answer

The Head Start program is the largest program designed to improve educationally disadvantaged children's chances of school achievement. The other options listed are specific programs that have been implemented but are not as widespread or well-known as Head Start.

Question 20

Research on giving vitamin supplements to young children has found that these supplements ________.
A) may improve the IQ scores of malnourished and well-fed children
B) may improve the IQ scores of malnourished children, but not of children who are not experiencing malnutrition
C) have no effect on the IQ's of the children who take them
D) may improve the IQ scores of well-fed children, but not children who are malnourished

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research on giving vitamin supplements to young...

Quiz 7: Cognition and Mental Abilities

The ________ theory of the relationship between intelligence and creativity says that a person must be at least slightly more intelligent than average to be considered creative, but beyond that point, the two are not related.

The environmentalists' position on intelligence is best summarized by saying that ________.

The results of Skeels's study showed that ________.

Overall, research on gender differences in mental abilities indicates that, on average, ________.

The process insuring that disabled students are more likely to socialize with nondisabled peers in school is called ________.

In comparing Asian and American attitudes toward academic performance, ________ believe that studying hard, rather than innate ability, is most important.

In recent years, the difference in intelligence scores between Blacks and Whites has ________.

The phenomenon in which among the population as a whole, IQ scores have been steadily increasing over several decades is known as the ________.

In the majority of cases, the cause of intellectual disability is ________.

________ percent of the population has IQ scores between 70 and 130.

Which of the following groups of children are most likely to have the most similar IQ scores?

If an IQ test correlates positively with school performance, it gains in ________.

Critics of IQ tests claim that the only thing they really measure is ________.

Some people with intellectual disabilities exhibit remarkable abilities in highly specialized areas such as numerical computation, art, or music. These abilities are known as ________ performance.

The Torrance Test of Creative Thinking asks subjects to ________.

Currently, ________ refers to superior IQ combined with demonstrated or potential ability in such areas as academic aptitude and creativity.

The Christensen-Guilford Test is a test of ________.

A disorder in which the liver fails to produce a certain enzyme necessary for early brain development is ________.

The largest program designed to improve educationally disadvantaged children's chances of school achievement is the ________.

Research on giving vitamin supplements to young children has found that these supplements ________.