Question 1

Bobbi is very interested in theater. When she fails to get the lead in the school play, rather than just give up her theatrical efforts, she accepts her smaller role. Her behavior is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

Adjustment is the process of adapting to new or changed circumstances. In this case, Bobbi is adjusting to not getting the lead role in the school play by accepting a smaller role.

Question 2

According to Lazarus, ________.

Accepted Answer

Lazarus believed that stress can result from everyday hassles, not just dramatic events or life-or-death problems.

Question 3

When we must speed up, intensify, or shift the direction in our behaviors or when we feel we have to live up to a higher standard of performance, we experience ________.

Accepted Answer

When we feel we must speed up or intensify our behaviors or live up to a higher standard of performance, we experience pressure. Anxiety and cognitive dissonance may also be present in these situations, but they do not directly relate to the need to speed up or intensify our actions. Overload is a feeling of being overwhelmed by too much information or too many responsibilities, which may be indirectly related to the need to speed up or intensify our behaviors, but it is not the best choice for this particular scenario.

Question 4

According to Lewin, the result of facing a choice between two undesirable possibilities, neither of which has any positive qualities, is called a(n) ________ conflict.

Accepted Answer

Lewin's theory states that when an individual has to choose between two undesirable alternatives, both of which have negative consequences, it creates an avoidance/avoidance conflict. In this type of conflict, the individual is forced to choose between the lesser of two evils, as neither option has any positive qualities that make it an attractive choice. This type of conflict can create indecision and anxiety for individuals who feel powerless to make a choice that will lead to a positive outcome.

Question 5

Any environmental demand that creates a state of tension or threat and requires change or adaptation is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A stressor is any environmental demand that creates a state of tension or threat and requires change or adaptation. Pressure and arousal do not encompass the idea of the demand necessitating adaptation or change, while adjustment assumes that adaptation is already occurring.

Question 6

Which of the following researchers is most closely associated with exploring the relationship of "hassles" to stress?

Accepted Answer

Lazarus is most closely associated with exploring the relationship between "hassles" and stress. He developed the Hassles Scale, which measures the daily irritations and frustrations that people experience in their lives and how these can contribute to overall stress levels.

Question 7

According to Lewin, the result of simultaneous attraction to two appealing possibilities, neither of which has any negative qualities is called an ________ conflict.

Accepted Answer

According to Lewin's theory of conflict, when an individual is faced with two appealing options and there are no negative qualities associated with either option, it creates an approach/approach conflict where the individual is attracted to both options simultaneously. An approach/avoidance conflict occurs when one option has positive qualities but also negative qualities, while an avoidance/avoidance conflict occurs when the individual is faced with two undesirable options. Incompatible demands refer to conflicting expectations or demands placed on the individual.

Question 8

Delays, lack of resources, losses, and failures as sources of ________.

Accepted Answer

Delays, lack of resources, losses, and failures can all lead to frustration, which is a feeling of annoyance or disappointment caused by the hindrance of progress, success, or fulfillment of a goal.

Question 9

For someone who likes both movies and concerts, choosing between going to one or the other represents an ________ conflict.

Accepted Answer

An approach/approach conflict occurs when an individual must choose between two desirable outcomes, such as deciding between going to a movie or a concert, both of which are appealing options.

Question 10

Stress is experienced ________.

Accepted Answer

Stress can be experienced in both pleasant and unpleasant situations. It is a natural response to changes and challenges in our environments, regardless of whether they are positive or negative.

Question 11

Conflict was described in terms of its two opposite tendencies of approach and avoidance by ________.

Accepted Answer

Lewin described conflict as a state of tension that occurs when an individual is confronted with two opposing tendencies- approach and avoidance.

Question 12

Of all of life's troubles, ________ is probably the most common.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Of all of life's troubles, ________ is...

Question 13

Amy wants to be a dentist but can't get into dental school despite two years of trying because her grades are too low. She is angry at herself for not earning better grades and feels that continuing to apply to other dental schools is hopeless. Her feelings stem from ________.

Accepted Answer

Amy's feelings of anger and hopelessness are consistent with the experience of frustration, which arises when one's efforts are thwarted or impeded in some way.

Question 14

According to Lazarus, major events ________.

Accepted Answer

Lazarus posits that it's not just the major events themselves that cause stress, but the numerous smaller hassles they trigger, which cumulatively contribute to stress.

Question 15

Gloria wants to be the best account executive her firm has ever seen, in the hope that she may quickly be promoted to vice president for investment and finance. She is pushing herself to achieve perfection because of ________.

Accepted Answer

Gloria is motivated by pressure, as she is striving to be the best account executive in order to be promoted to vice president.

Question 16

Each of the following is considered by your text to be one of the five common sources of frustration except ________.

Accepted Answer

Anxiety is not listed as one of the five common sources of frustration according to the text; instead, sources like discrimination, lack of resources, and losses are typically highlighted as common causes of frustration.

Question 17

Petty annoyances, irritations, and frustrations that arise from chronic or repeated conditions of living are called ________.

Accepted Answer

Petty annoyances, irritations, and frustrations that arise from chronic or repeated conditions of living are called hassles. Life events refer to major life changes such as marriage, divorce, or the death of a loved one. Irritants may refer to any source of irritation, not necessarily chronic or repeated conditions. Catastrophes are sudden and unexpected events that cause significant stress, such as natural disasters or accidents.

Question 18

When you want to purchase a particular book, only to find out that it is out of stock at your local bookstore, you are most likely to experience ________.

Accepted Answer

Frustration is the most likely emotional response to encountering an obstacle in the pursuit of a desired goal, such as wanting to purchase a particular book that is out of stock. The other options listed are less likely to be experienced in this context.

Question 19

________ life changes involve a certain amount of stress.

Accepted Answer

All major life changes involve a certain amount of stress, whether the change is positive (such as getting married or starting a new job) or negative (such as experiencing a divorce or losing a loved one). Research suggests that even positive life changes can bring about stress, as they often require adjusting and adapting to new circumstances. Therefore, option C is the most accurate.

Question 20

The necessity to choose between two incompatible needs, demands, opportunities, or goals is called ________.

Accepted Answer

Conflict is the only option that accurately defines the situation of having to choose between two incompatible needs, demands, opportunities, or goals. Pressure refers to the force or influence that creates a sense of urgency, anxiety is a feeling of unease or nervousness, and dissonance is the feeling of discomfort created when one holds two or more conflicting beliefs or values simultaneously.

Quiz 11: Stress and Health Psychology