Question 1

Echolalia is a speech pattern in which people ________.

Accepted Answer

Echolalia is a speech pattern in which people repeat words that are said to them. They may immediately repeat what someone has said to them, or they may delay repeating what was spoken.

Question 2

________ disorders are marked by disturbances of thoughts, communications, and emotions, including delusions and hallucinations.

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenic spectrum disorders are marked by disturbances of thoughts, communications, and emotions, including delusions and hallucinations. Somatic symptom disorders involve physical symptoms with psychological causes, psychosexual disorders involve disturbances in sexual functioning, and substance abuse disorders involve the abuse of drugs or alcohol.

Question 3

Nick was admitted to a mental institution because he heard voices talking to him that no one else could hear, and he saw demons attacking him, though no one else could see anything near him. Nick's symptoms are known as ________.

Accepted Answer

Nick's symptoms of hearing voices and seeing things that no one else can perceive are typical examples of hallucinations, which is the perception of something that is not present.

Question 4

In children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, there appear to be problems in the ability of the ________ lobe to properly regulate behavior.

Accepted Answer

The frontal lobe is responsible for executive functions such as regulating behavior, attention, and decision making, which are impaired in individuals with ADHD.

Question 5

Research suggests that a biological vulnerability to schizophrenia may lie in problems with the neurotransmitters dopamine and ________.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that a biological vulnerability to schizophrenia may lie in problems with the neurotransmitters dopamine and glutamate. While epinephrine, thyroxin, and vasopressin play important roles in the body, they are not directly linked to schizophrenia as dopamine and glutamate are.

Question 6

Prior to DSM 5, ________ schizophrenia was characterized by giggling, grimacing, and frantic gesturing.

Accepted Answer

Disorganized schizophrenia, prior to DSM-5, was characterized by disorganized behavior, including giggling, grimacing, and frantic gesturing.

Question 7

Jacob generally feels out of control. He also has fainting spells and episodes of trembling, uncontrollable screaming and crying, and outbursts of verbal and physical aggressiveness. His symptoms sound most like those of ________.

Accepted Answer

Jacob's symptoms are most similar to ataque de nervios, which is a culture-bound syndrome found most commonly among people of Latin American descent. The symptoms of this condition often include a sense of being out of control, as well as episodes of crying, screaming, and physical aggression.

Question 8

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder afflicts about ________ percent of all school children.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder afflicts about ________ percent of...

Question 9

Mental illnesses with a strong biological component ________.

Accepted Answer

Mental illnesses with a strong biological component are fairly equally distributed between the sexes. Research has not shown any significant difference in prevalence rates between men and women for these types of mental illnesses.

Question 10

Thousands of years ago, mental illness was seen in a supernatural context.

Accepted Answer

Mental illness was often attributed to demonic possession or curses by the gods in ancient times.

Question 11

When men display abnormal behavior, they are more likely than women to ________.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that men are more likely than women to express abnormal behavior through aggression.

Question 12

Men are more likely than women to suffer from ________.

Accepted Answer

Men are statistically more likely to suffer from substance abuse compared to women.

Question 13

Taijin kyofusho is rarely seen outside of ________.

Accepted Answer

Taijin kyofusho is a culture-bound syndrome that is mainly prevalent in Japan, and it is not commonly seen in other countries such as Korea, China, or Taiwan.

Question 14

Jason is a child who has always had trouble forming normal attachments to people. He never seemed to interact normally with his own parents and siblings. He cried when he was picked up, and as he grew older he did not develop normal speech. The only toy he ever played with was a truck with which he would sit for hours just holding it and spinning its wheels. Jason's behavior is typical of a child with ________.

Accepted Answer

Jason's behavior is indicative of autistic disorder, which is characterized by difficulties with social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors or interests. The lack of normal attachment to people, lack of speech development, and fixation on a single toy are all common symptoms of autism. The other disorders listed do not fit Jason's symptoms as well.

Question 15

The delusions people with schizophrenia experience are usually ________.

Accepted Answer

Paranoid delusions are the most common type of delusions experienced by people with schizophrenia. These delusions involve a strong belief that someone or something is trying to harm or persecute them. Grandiose, work-related, and romantic/sexual delusions can also occur, but are less common.

Question 16

Currently, the cause of autism is thought to be ________.

Accepted Answer

Current research suggests that autism is caused by a combination of biological and genetic factors that affect brain development and function. Studies have identified several specific genes associated with an increased risk of developing autism, as well as abnormalities in brain structure and function in individuals with autism.

Question 17

Currently, the cause of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is thought to be ________.

Accepted Answer

The current understanding is that ADHD is caused by biological factors, including genetics and differences in brain structure and function. Arrested emotional development, prenatal maternal alcohol use, and over-demanding and emotionally detached parents may be factors that contribute to the symptoms of ADHD, but they are not the primary cause.

Question 18

While doing volunteer work in a mental hospital, Mary is put on a ward for adults with severe mental disorders. One patient is very childish, laughing constantly, endlessly dancing around the room, and making bizarre gestures and facial expressions without reason. Prior to DSM-5, the doctors would have told Mary that the patient suffered from ________ schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are indicative of disorganized schizophrenia, characterized by disorganized behavior and speech, flat or inappropriate affect, and a lack of motivation or interest in social interactions. The other types of schizophrenia listed do not necessarily present with these exact symptoms. It should be noted, however, that the DSM-5 no longer uses subtypes of schizophrenia and instead focuses on a dimensional approach to diagnosis.

Question 19

Research indicates that with many antisocial personalities, their nervous systems are ________ responsive to stress and they are ________ likely to engage in thrill-seeking behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Research shows that individuals with antisocial personalities have reduced autonomic response to stress, indicating decreased physiological arousal. This low level of arousal may lead them to engage in thrill-seeking behaviors in order to increase their level of stimulation. Therefore, their nervous systems are less responsive to stress and they are more likely to engage in thrill-seeking behaviors.

Question 20

If an identical twin develops schizophrenia, there is about a ________ percent chance that the other twin will also develop the illness.

Accepted Answer

If one identical twin develops schizophrenia, there is about a 50 percent chance that the other twin will also develop the illness. This high concordance rate among identical twins, who share 100% of their genes, suggests a strong genetic component to the risk of developing schizophrenia.

Quiz 12: Psychological Disorders