Question 1

Alexandra and Holly both plan to become clinical psychologists, although Alexandra is applying to graduate schools to pursue a PhD and Holly plans to earn a PsyD. What different experiences and requirements are each likely to encounter in earning their graduate degrees?

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Question 2

During the early decades of psychology's existence as a formal discipline, three schools of psychological thought became popular. What were these three schools of thought and what became of each of them over time?

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Question 3

The authors point out that people may be a little "fuzzy" about psychological careers because psychologists contribute to their communities in so many different ways. Describe three ways that psychologists make these contributions.

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Question 4

The learning perspective is adhered to by two different types of psychologists: behaviorists and social-cognitive learning theorists. Compare these two types of learning theory advocates.

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Question 5

The structuralists had an intensive program of research in Germany and the United States. What became of this school of psychology? What challenges did the structuralists encounter?

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Question 6

Why is Wilhelm Wundt especially revered by psychologists?

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Question 7

What is the difference between basic research and applied research?

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Question 8

How was Darwin's theory of evolution inspirational to the functionalists?

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Question 9

List and define the four major perspectives in modern psychology.

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Question 10

As women began to enter psychology in greater numbers in the early 1970s, they began to document evidence of a pervasive bias in the research methods that were being used. Describe the biases that these feminist psychologists documented.

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Question 11

In recent decades, the public's appetite for pseudoscience has grown. Describe two examples of this "pop psychology" and then analyze the differences between psychology and pseudoscience.

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Question 12

The professional activities of psychologists fall into three broad categories. Describe and give examples of each of these three types of professional activities.

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Question 13

Why did William James argue that the structuralist approach was a waste of time? What school of psychology did he promote?

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Question 14

Describe Wilhelm Wundt's preferred research method, and give an example of how it might be used to study a psychological topic.

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Question 15

One common form of oversimplification is argument by anecdote. Explain this type of critical thinking error. Create your own example of an argument by anecdote.

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Question 16

Many people don't realize that just as the body needs exercise to stay in shape, clear thinking requires effort and practice. Name and give an example of each of the eight guidelines to critical thinking.

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Question 17

Clinical psychologists and psychiatrists do similar work, but their training differs and they tend to focus on different causes of mental disorders. Contrast the training and approach to therapy between clinical psychologists and psychiatrists.

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Question 18

Describe the three schools of psychological thought that became popular when psychology emerged as a discipline, including the major theorists associated with each school as well as the goal of each of these perspectives.

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Question 19

Shane is eager to buy an Electro-Neural Stimulator so that he can get both halves of his brain working at peak efficiency by exam time. Based on what you have read about similar products, how should you respond to his plans?

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Question 20

Sociocultural psychologists use an interesting metaphor in regard to humans and culture. They describe people as similar to fish! Fish are unaware that they live in water, so obvious is water in their lives. Explain why sociocultural psychologists use this metaphor.

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Quiz 1: What Is Psychology