Question 1

What is the correct order for the stages of the general adaptation syndrome?

Accepted Answer

The correct order for the stages of the general adaptation syndrome is alarm phase, resistance phase, exhaustion phase. During the alarm phase, the body responds to a stressor with the fight or flight response. During the resistance phase, the body tries to adapt to the stressor and continue functioning normally. During the exhaustion phase, the body's resources become depleted and it can no longer maintain the resistance, leading to physical and emotional exhaustion.

Question 2

What is the one emotion that North American men express more freely than women?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that North American men express anger more freely than women, who may feel societal pressure to suppress or redirect their anger.

Question 3

Steve is unexpectedly called on in class. He hasn't the faintest idea of the answer, and he feels his heart start to pound and his palms begin to sweat. According to Hans Selye, he is in the ________ phase of
His stress response.

Accepted Answer

The alarm phase is the first response in the general adaptation syndrome, which is the body's response to stress. In this phase, the body releases adrenaline, leading to the fight or flight response. In Steve's case, his physical symptoms (heart pounding, sweating palms) suggest he is in the alarm phase of his stress response.

Question 4

Which of the following outcomes would be most likely after a German-American business meeting?

Accepted Answer

Germans tend to be more direct and value honesty in communication, while Americans often use social pleasantries and indirect language to avoid confrontation. As a result, Germans may perceive Americans as insincere and hiding their true thoughts and feelings behind a smile.

Question 5

Which occupation would be more likely to require emotion work as a job requirement?

Accepted Answer

Customer service representatives often have to manage their own emotions in order to deal with customers who may be upset or difficult to handle, requiring emotion work as a job requirement. The other occupations listed do not typically involve as much interaction with customers or clients.

Question 6

When researchers showed students a series of computer-generated, fairly sex-neutral faces with a range of expressions morphing from angry to happy, the students consistently rated the angry faces as:

Accepted Answer

The students consistently rated the angry faces as male, indicating a gender stereotype that associates anger with masculinity.

Question 7

Which of the following outcomes would be most likely after a Japanese-American business meeting?

Accepted Answer

Cultural differences often lead Americans to perceive the Japanese use of smiling as a way to mask discomfort or embarrassment.

Question 8

Markesia's body is mobilized to fight off the flu, and she finds she is annoyed by minor frustrations that she can usually shake off. According to Hans Selye, she is in the:

Accepted Answer

According to Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome, the resistance phase is when the body is actively fighting off the stressor, and individuals may become more irritable or frustrated by minor annoyances.

Question 9

A person is in the _______________ of the general adaptation syndrome when vulnerability to physical problems increases, and illnesses, such as chronic hypertension, develop.

Accepted Answer

The exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome occurs after prolonged exposure to stressors and is characterized by depleted physical and emotional resources, increased vulnerability to physical problems, and chronic illnesses such as hypertension.

Question 10

Expression of an emotion that the person does not really feel is called:

Accepted Answer

Emotion work refers to the effort and actions people take to express emotions that are appropriate in a given situation, even if they do not genuinely feel those emotions. This can include suppressing negative emotions, putting on a happy face, or exaggerating emotions to fit social norms.

Question 11

Sandra is a vice president at a large company. As a woman, what dilemma is she likely to face?

Accepted Answer

This is a common dilemma faced by women in leadership positions. When women express anger or frustration in the same way that their male colleagues do, they are often seen as "out of control" or "emotional," while men are seen as assertive or passionate. This can make it difficult for women to be taken seriously or to be viewed as effective leaders.

Question 12

Casey hears a rattling sound as she hikes through the desert. Her muscles tense, her blood pressure rises, and her digestion shuts down. According to Hans Selye, she is in the:

Accepted Answer

Casey's reaction to the rattling sound is characteristic of the alarm phase of the stress response, which involves a sudden activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the release of stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. This phase is typically followed by either the resistance phase, where the body adapts to the stressor and tries to cope with it, or the exhaustion phase, where the body's resources are depleted and it becomes susceptible to illnesses and diseases. However, since the question does not provide information on what happens next, we can only identify Casey's current phase as the alarm phase.

Question 13

Display rules involve:

Accepted Answer

Display rules are social or cultural guidelines that regulate when, how, and where a person may express emotion. They vary between cultures and can influence how individuals express themselves in different situations.

Question 14

________ are social and cultural rules that regulate when, how, and where a person may express (or suppress) emotions.

Accepted Answer

Display rules are social and cultural norms that dictate when, where, and how emotions should be expressed or suppressed. These rules vary between cultures and may also vary depending on the context or situation. For example, in some cultures, it may be inappropriate to express anger openly, while in others, it may be acceptable. Similarly, in some contexts, individuals may be expected to suppress their emotions, such as in a professional setting, while in others, such as with close friends or family members, it may be acceptable to express a wide range of emotions.

Question 15

Dahlia has been having chronic headaches and she is behind in all her classes. For the past six months, her job has been extremely stressful, but she doesn't feel that she can quit because she needs the money for tuition. Her vulnerability to illness, such as chronic hypertension, has increased. According to Hans Selye, Dahlia is in the:

Accepted Answer

Dahlia is in the exhaustion phase according to Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome model. This phase occurs after prolonged exposure to stress, where the body's ability to resist is depleted, leading to increased vulnerability to illness.

Question 16

In the ________ of the general adaptation syndrome, the body mobilizes the sympathetic nervous system to meet an immediate threat.

Accepted Answer

The alarm phase is the first stage in the general adaptation syndrome, in which the body triggers the sympathetic nervous system to respond to a perceived threat or stressor. The body releases hormones like adrenaline and cortisol to prepare the body for the "fight or flight" response.

Question 17

The modern era of stress research began:

Accepted Answer

Hans Selye's book, "The Stress of Life," published in 1956, laid the foundation for modern stress research and introduced the concept of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS). This theory proposed that the body's response to stress involves three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion, and that prolonged exposure to stress can lead to physical and mental health problems. Selye's work helped to shift the focus of stress research from purely psychological factors to also considering physiological responses.

Question 18

What has research shown about the stereotype that women are "more emotional" than men?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that men and women experience similar levels of emotions, but women may express them in more socially acceptable ways. This can lead to the stereotype that women are "more emotional" when in reality the difference is in how emotions are expressed.

Question 19

A person is in the ________ of the general adaptation syndrome when the muscles tense, blood pressure rises, and digestion shuts down.

Accepted Answer

The alarm phase is characterized by the body's immediate reaction to a stressor, which includes the release of stress hormones, increased heart rate and blood pressure, and the suppression of non-essential bodily functions such as digestion. This phase prepares the body to fight or flee from the stressor.

Question 20

A person is in the _______________ of the general adaptation syndrome when the body becomes more vulnerable to other stressors. For example, when the body is mobilized to fight off the flu, it is easier to be annoyed by minor frustrations.

Accepted Answer

The resistance phase is when the body attempts to adapt and cope with the stressor, but in doing so, it becomes more vulnerable to other stressors. This is because the body's resources are being used to deal with the initial stressor, leaving less available to handle other stressors. This phenomenon is known as stress-induced vulnerability.

Quiz 11: Emotion, Stress, and Health