Quiz 3: Manipulating Strings

All text strings must begin and end with double quotation marks.

The concatenation operator (.) combines several string variables and literal strings and assigns the new value to another variable.

The concatenation assignment operator (.=) combines two text strings.

An escape character tells the compiler or interpreter to exit the program at the escape character.

Placing a backslash in front of an apostrophe tells the PHP scripting engine that the apostrophe is to be treated as a regular keyboard character.

The escape character combined with one or more other characters is called an escape sequence.

The escape sequence \\ inserts a comment.

The escape sequence to insert a carriage return is \r.

To insert a horizontal tab, use the escape sequence \t.

The function substr_count() returns the total number of characters in a string.

The str_word_count() function returns the number of digits in a string.

The term parsing refers to the act of dividing a string into logical component substrings or tokens.

The strpos() function performs a case-sensitive search for specified characters in a string and returns the position of the first occurrence of a substring within a string.

The strchr() function or strrchr() function return a substring from the specified characters to the end of the string.

The strtok() function breaks a program into functions.

The syntax for the strtok() function is $variable=strtok(string, separators);

The explode() function splits a string into an indexed array at a specified separator.

The opposite of the explode() function is the implode() function.

ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Internet Information.

The strcasecmp() function and the strcmp() function respectively perform a case-insensitive and case-sensitive comparison of strings.

The levenshtein() function returns the number of characters you need to change for two strings to be the same.

The soundex() function returns a value representing a name's phonetic equivalent.

A megaphone is an algorithm that returns a code for indexing words by their sound, when pronounced in English

Regular expressions are patterns that are used for matching and manipulating strings according to specified rules.

PHP support Perl Compatible Regular Expressions (PCRE).

Regular expression patterns are enclosed in opening and closing delimiters.

The metacharacter (.) matches any single character.

The metacharacter (^) anchors characters to the end of a string.

An anchor specifies that a pattern must appear at that position in the string.

Metacharacters that specify the quantity of a match qualifiers.

The concatenation operator in PHP is a ____. A) plus sign (+) B) period (.) C) minus sign (-) D) question mark (?)

In PHP, the escape character is the ____. A) pipe (|) B) period (.) C) semicolon(;) D) backslash(\)

The escape character sequence ____ inserts a new line. A) \l B) \CR C) \n D) \nl

The escape sequence \\ inserts a(n) ____. A) comment B) web ink C) backslash D) directory

The escape sequence to insert a carriage return is ____. A) \r B) \cr C) \t D) \\

A structure in which variables are placed within curly braces inside of a string is called a ____. A) complex string syntax B) simple string syntax C) function D) method

The strlen() function returns the total ____ in a string. A) number of numerals B) number of characters C) number of occurrences D) number of words

The most commonly used string counting function is the ____ function, which returns the total number of characters in a string. A) str_count() B) strlen() C) strpos() D) total()

The ____ function converts all of the letters in a string to capital letters. A) strtoupper() B) stringtoupper() C) strtolower() D) stringtolower()

The ____ function converts any occurrence of (&), ("), ('), (<), and (>) to their equivalent HTML character entity. A) converttohtml() B) specialhtml() C) htmlspecialchars() D) convertchars()

The ____ function uses a strong encryption algorithm called Message-Digest Algorithm to create a one-way hash of an entered string. A) strhash() B) str-ireplace() C) mda() D) md5()

The ____ function will remove both leading and trailing spaces from a string. A) ltrim() B) rtrm() C) trim() D) strtrim()

The ____ function randomly scrambles the order of characters in a string. A) str_scramble() B) str_shuffle() C) str_jumble() D) str_random()

The ____ function splits a string into an indexed array. A) repair() B) implode() C) explode() D) strtok()

ASCII values range from ____. A) 0 to 512 B) 0 to 255 C) 1 - 26 D) 1 - 128

The strcmp() function performs a ____ comparison of two strings. A) case-insensitive B) standard C) case-sensitive D) sub-standard

The similar_text() function returns the number of ____ to strings have in common. A) characters B) words C) numbers D) sounds

____ are special characters that define the pattern matching rules in a regular expression. A) Specialchars B) Patterncharacters C) Expressionchars D) Metacharacters

In a regular expression, a(n) ____ specifies that the pattern must appear at that position in the string. A) pointer B) anchor C) position D) spotter

The metacharacter, ____, specifies an anchor at the end of the line. A) (\) B) (&) C) (^) D) ($)

The ____ quantifier specifies that zero or more of the preceding characters can match. A) (&) B) (*) C) (#) D) (?)

____ quantifiers allow you to more precisely specify the number of times a character must repeat sequentially. A) Curly brace B) Curly bracket C) Parentheses D) Double quotation marks

The characters contained in a set of parentheses within a regular expression are referred as a ____. A) subpattern B) basepattern C) nested pattern D) base expression

The ____ metacharacter is used to specify a range of values in a character class. A) (-) B) (+) C) (@) D) (')

The ____ metacharacter is used to allow a string to contain an alternate set of substrings. A) (!) B) (|) C) (\) D) (/)

The concatenation operator in PHP is a ____________________.

In PHP, the escape character is the ____________________.

The escape character combined with one or more other characters is called a(n) ____________________.

Using a ____________________ escape sequence at the end of an echo statement makes XHTML code easier to debug and read.

____________________ syntax allows you to use the value of a variable inside a text string enclosed by double quotation marks.

The argument you pass to the strlen() function is a literal string or string variable whose ____________________ you want to count.

The ucfirst() function and the lcfirst() function only change the ____________________ character of a string.

A()n) ____________________ hash is a fixed length string based on the entered text from which it is almost impossible to determine the original text.

The ____________________ function is used to return only a portion of a string.

The ____________________ function is can be used to check for palindromes because it reverses the characters in a string.

The ____________________ functions do not modify the contents of an existing string; instead they return a new string, which is assigned to a variable.

The strtok() function is used to break a string into smaller strings, called ____________________.

ASCII values range from ____________________.

The strncmp() function and the strncasecmp() function contain a third argument specifying the ____________________ of characters to compare in the string.

____________________ are patterns that are used for matching and manipulating strings according to specified rules.

Regular expressions consist of literal characters and ____________________, which are special characters that define the pattern matching rules in an expression.

A(n) ____________________ metacharacter in a regular expression pattern specifies that the pattern must contain a value where the metacharacter is located.

A(n) ____________________ specifies that a pattern must appear at that position in the string.

Metacharacters that specify the quantity of a match are called ____________________.

The ____________________ quantifier specifies that the preceding character in the pattern is optional.

The ____________________ quantifier specifies that one or more sequential occurrences of the preceding characters match.

Characters contained in a set of parentheses within a regular expression are referred to as a subexpression or ____________________.

Any characters included in a ____________________ class represent alternate characters that are allowed in a pattern match.

The ____________________ metacharacter is used to specify a range of values in a character class.

The circumflex character (^) used in a character class specifies ____________________ characters to exclude in a pattern match.

To include a literal hyphen (-) in a character before the closing bracket or it will interpreted as a ____________________.

PCRE includes special character types, such as the ____________________ expression to allow any alphanumeric characters and the underscore character.

To allow a string to contain an alternate set of substrings, you separate the strings in a regular expression pattern with the pipe (|) metacharacter, which is similar to the ____________________ operator.