Question 1

Advertisers who want to capture the attention of consumers would be wise to use
A) subliminal messages.
B) subtle, but factually scientific pleas.
C) loud, contrasting, and changing stimuli.
D) smaller print that causes one to put forth effort in order to focus.

Accepted Answer

Loud, contrasting, and changing stimuli are more likely to capture attention since they are eye-catching and hard to ignore. Subliminal messages are largely controversial and lack concrete evidence for their effectiveness. Subtle, factually scientific pleas may not be attention-grabbing enough. Smaller print may require effort to focus on, but it may also cause the advertisement to be overlooked or ignored.

Question 2

Failure to perceive a stimulus that is in plain view,but not the focus of attention is known as
A) inattentional blindness.
B) habituation.
C) adaptation level.
D) subliminal stimuli.

Accepted Answer

Inattentional blindness is the failure to perceive a stimulus that is in plain view but not the focus of attention. This occurs because attention is limited and only a subset of information is processed consciously.

Question 3

A researcher is using an apparatus that consists of a glass-topped table with one side having a checkered surface that lies directly beneath the glass with the other checkered surface being four feet below the glass surface causing the appearance of a drop-off.This apparatus is known as
A) a Skinner box.
B) a visual cliff.
C) the Ames room.
D) the Müller-Lyer illusion.

Accepted Answer

The apparatus described is the visual cliff, which is used to study depth perception and the ability of infants and animals to perceive depth and avoid falling. The checkered surfaces create the illusion of a drop-off, but the surface below is actually at the same level as the starting surface. The other options (A, C, and D) refer to different types of psychological experiments and illusions, but are not related to this particular apparatus.

Question 4

As you focus on your cell phone conversation while driving,you miss the road sign where you needed to make a turn and drive 20 miles out of the way.This is an example of
A) psychokinesis.
B) inattentional blindness.
C) retinal disparity.
D) an apparent-distance illusion.

Accepted Answer

Inattentional blindness refers to the phenomenon of not being able to perceive something in plain sight due to focusing on another task or stimulus. In this case, the driver was so focused on their cell phone conversation that they missed the road sign and drove 20 miles out of the way.

Question 5

Fans of opposing sports teams often act as if they have seen completely different games.This probably results from the fans of each team focusing intently on their own players and not the other team,which illustrates
A) psychokinesis.
B) retinal disparity.
C) inattentional blindness.
D) the apparent-distance hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

Inattentional blindness refers to the phenomenon where people fail to notice unexpected stimuli in their visual field when they are focused on a particular task. In this case, fans of opposing sports teams are focused on their own players and may not pay attention to the plays or actions of the other team, leading to the perception of completely different games.

Question 6

Simons and Chabris showed participants a film of two basketball teams,one wearing black shirts and the other wearing white.Observers were asked to watch the film closely and count how many times a basketball passed between members of one of the teams,while ignoring the other team.As the observers watched and counted,a person wearing a gorilla suit walked into the middle of the basketball game,faced the camera,thumped its chest,and walked out of view.Which of the following occurred?
A) All of the participants lost count of the number of basketball passes because of the unexpected appearance of the gorilla.
B) Half of the participants failed to notice the gorilla's appearance.
C) All of the participants failed to notice the gorilla's appearance.
D) Only the female participants noticed the gorilla.

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as inattentional blindness, where people fail to notice unexpected objects or events because they are focused on another task. In this case, the observers were focused on counting basketball passes and failed to notice the gorilla. However, not all participants failed to notice it - about half of them did not see the gorilla because of their selective attention.

Question 7

Which of the following allows you to drive a car,ride a bicycle,thread a needle,and navigate around a room as well as preventing the world from looking like a flat surface?
A) sensory adaptation
B) contiguity
C) habituation
D) depth perception

Accepted Answer

Depth perception allows us to drive a car by judging distances between objects and navigating around a room without running into things. It also allows us to determine the relative height, width, and depth of objects which prevents the world from looking like a flat surface. It also helps us thread a needle by assisting us in judging distance and position of the needle and thread. However, sensory adaptation and habituation are processes that involve our brain becoming less sensitive to repeated stimuli, while contiguity refers to the tendency to associate two events that occur together in time and space.

Question 8

Advertisers would love you if they heard you humming their jingle in the shower because you have fallen prey to an attention-getting device called
A) brightness.
B) motion.
C) contrast.
D) repetition.

Accepted Answer

Repetition is a common attention-getting device used by advertisers to get their message stuck in the consumer's mind. Humming a jingle in the shower is a sign that the consumer has been exposed to the jingle repeatedly and it has had an impact on their memory.

Question 9

The ability to see three-dimensional space and to accurately judge distances is called
A) size constancy.
B) shape constancy.
C) depth perception.
D) perceptual organization.

Accepted Answer

Depth perception refers to the ability to see three-dimensional space and accurately judge distances. Size and shape constancy, on the other hand, refer to the ability to perceive objects as maintaining their size and shape despite changes in viewing angle or distance. Perceptual organization refers to the process of grouping sensory stimuli into meaningful patterns and shapes.

Question 10

If you were asked to look at an advertisement of various shops on a city street,and you saw an octopus sitting on a bench near the curb in front of one of the shops,you would most likely
A) show inattentional blindness to the octopus.
B) look longer at the octopus because it was an unexpected object.
C) look a shorter time at the octopus because it was out-of-place in the advertisement.
D) look the same length of time to each object in the advertisement, regardless of whether it was an expected or unexpected object.

Accepted Answer

The presence of an unexpected object, such as an octopus sitting on a bench in an advertisement, typically draws our attention as it violates our expectations. Therefore, it is likely that a person would look longer at this unexpected object in the advertisement.

Question 11

Commercials that are loud and present unexpected imagery will usually
A) decrease the viewer's attention due to sensory gating.
B) decrease the viewer's attention due to sensory conflict.
C) increase the viewer's attention.
D) have no effect on the viewer's attention.

Accepted Answer

Loud and unexpected imagery in commercials can be attention-grabbing and increase the viewer's attention. This is because they stand out from the other ads and can create a novelty effect, drawing the viewer's gaze and curiosity.

Question 12

When our attention is narrowly focused,we may experience
A) sane hallucinations.
B) habituation.
C) retinal disparity.
D) inattentional blindness.

Accepted Answer

Inattentional blindness occurs when focusing on one specific task or stimulus leads to a failure to notice other stimuli in the environment, even if they are obvious. This is commonly seen in situations such as when someone is texting while driving and fails to see a pedestrian crossing the street in front of them.

Question 13

Attention is focused by
A) intense or shocking stimuli.
B) subliminal stimuli.
C) figure-ground relationships.
D) sequential stimuli.

Accepted Answer

Intense or shocking stimuli are known to grab our attention and hold it. This is because they activate the amygdala, a part of the brain responsible for processing emotional information, which in turn attracts our focus.

Question 14

When advertisers repeat the name of their product numerous times in the commercial,this repetition will
A) gain the viewer's attention.
B) cause sensory adaptation so the viewer will not remember the product name.
C) elicit a subliminal sensory gating so the viewer will remember the product name.
D) do none of these.

Accepted Answer

By repeating the name of their product, advertisers are trying to grab the viewer's attention and make the product memorable. This is the principle of advertising known as "effective frequency," which suggests that an ad needs to be viewed or heard several times before it has a lasting impact on the consumer.

Question 15

Research has shown that depth perception is
A) completely innate.
B) completely learned at a very early age.
C) imprinted.
D) partly learned and partly innate.

Accepted Answer

While there is some innate ability to perceive depth, research has also shown that it develops through experience and learning. Therefore, it is partly learned and partly innate.

Question 16

Which of the following would most likely be tested using a visual cliff?
A) size constancy
B) figure-ground perception
C) depth perception
D) shape constancy

Accepted Answer

A visual cliff is a laboratory device used to test depth perception in infants and animals. The device creates an illusion of a sudden drop-off, where one side of a platform appears to be at a different height than the other side. The test subject is placed on the platform and their behavior is observed to determine if they perceive the difference in height and avoid the perceived drop-off. Therefore, the most likely concept being tested using a visual cliff is depth perception.

Question 17

Which of the following can be thought of as a "bottleneck," or a narrowing in the information channel linking the senses to perception,that is,when one message enters the bottleneck,it seems to prevent others from passing through?
A) selective attention
B) sensory gating
C) sensory adaptation
D) subliminal attention

Accepted Answer

Selective attention is the narrowing of attentional focus on a particular stimulus, allowing it to be processed more deeply, while filtering out other stimuli. This creates a bottleneck in the information channel, preventing other stimuli from passing through.

Question 18

When six- to 14-month old infants are placed in the middle of a visual cliff,they usually
A) remain still.
B) move to the shallow side of the apparatus.
C) move to the deep side of the apparatus.
D) approach their mothers when called, whether that requires moving to the shallow or deep side.

Accepted Answer

When infants are placed on a visual cliff, they usually move to the shallow side of the apparatus. This suggests that they are able to perceive depth and have a fear of falling, causing them to avoid the deep side. The other options are less common behaviors observed in this situation.

Question 19

If you cross your eyes,hold your head very still,and stare at a single point across the room,your surroundings will
A) disappear due to inattentional blindness.
B) disappear due to retinal disparity.
C) appear two-dimensional.
D) appear three-dimensional.

Accepted Answer

When you cross your eyes, the images in each eye overlap, creating a stereoscopic or 3D effect. However, when you focus on a single point across the room, the images in your peripheral vision do not overlap, causing the appearance of two-dimensional surroundings. This phenomenon is known as monocular depth perception. It is not related to inattentional blindness or retinal disparity.

Question 20

Regarding inattentional blindness,we are more likely to not perceive something when
A) we are experiencing retinal disparity.
B) our attention is narrowly focused.
C) we are experiencing subliminal adaptation.
D) our attention is broadly focused

Accepted Answer

Inattentional blindness refers to the failure to notice unexpected objects or events when attention is narrowly focused. When attention is broadly focused, it is more likely that unexpected objects or events will be detected. Retinal disparity and subliminal adaptation are not directly related to inattentional blindness.

Quiz 4: C: Sensation and Perception

Advertisers who want to capture the attention of consumers would be wise to use

Failure to perceive a stimulus that is in plain view,but not the focus of attention is known as

A researcher is using an apparatus that consists of a glass-topped table with one side having a checkered surface that lies directly beneath the glass with the other checkered surface being four feet below the glass surface causing the appearance of a drop-off.This apparatus is known as

As you focus on your cell phone conversation while driving,you miss the road sign where you needed to make a turn and drive 20 miles out of the way.This is an example of

Fans of opposing sports teams often act as if they have seen completely different games.This probably results from the fans of each team focusing intently on their own players and not the other team,which illustrates

Which of the following allows you to drive a car,ride a bicycle,thread a needle,and navigate around a room as well as preventing the world from looking like a flat surface?

Advertisers would love you if they heard you humming their jingle in the shower because you have fallen prey to an attention-getting device called

The ability to see three-dimensional space and to accurately judge distances is called

If you were asked to look at an advertisement of various shops on a city street,and you saw an octopus sitting on a bench near the curb in front of one of the shops,you would most likely

Commercials that are loud and present unexpected imagery will usually

When our attention is narrowly focused,we may experience

Attention is focused by

When advertisers repeat the name of their product numerous times in the commercial,this repetition will

Research has shown that depth perception is

Which of the following would most likely be tested using a visual cliff?

Which of the following can be thought of as a "bottleneck," or a narrowing in the information channel linking the senses to perception,that is,when one message enters the bottleneck,it seems to prevent others from passing through?

When six- to 14-month old infants are placed in the middle of a visual cliff,they usually

If you cross your eyes,hold your head very still,and stare at a single point across the room,your surroundings will

Regarding inattentional blindness,we are more likely to not perceive something when