Question 1

Extremely traumatic experiences,such as military combat,can result in memories and "flashbacks" that leave a person emotionally handicapped because they produce so much activation in which part of the brain?

Accepted Answer

The limbic system is associated with emotional processing, including the formation and retrieval of memories related to emotional experiences. Traumatic experiences can result in overactivation of the limbic system, leading to intense emotional responses and flashbacks. The other brain regions listed (pons, reticular formation, somatosensory cortex) are not directly involved in emotional processing and memory formation.

Question 2

Patterns of blood flow within the brain show that the back areas of the brain cortex are associated more with __________ memories.

Accepted Answer

B

Question 3

Regarding research on where long-term memories are stored and activated within the brain,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The statement that semantic memories are stored in the front of the cortex and episodic memories are stored in the back areas of the cortex is false. In reality, both semantic and episodic memories are thought to be stored across various regions of the cortex, with some overlap in the areas activated for each type of memory.

Question 4

Cynthia can vividly recall where she was,what she was doing,and how she felt when she saw the planes hit the Twin Towers on September 11.For Cynthia and many others,this tragedy formed a(n)

Accepted Answer

Cynthia's ability to vividly recall the details of the event suggests that she has a flashbulb memory of the event. Flashbulb memories are highly detailed and emotionally significant memories of the circumstances surrounding a significant event.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a reason that people tend to put great confidence in flashbulb memories,even when they are wrong?

Accepted Answer

The reason that people put great confidence in flashbulb memories is because they feel emotionally charged and are often reviewed and discussed. However, repressing the memory into the unconscious would actually make it less likely for someone to have a vivid and confident flashbulb memory of the event. Therefore, choice D is the option that is NOT a reason people tend to put great confidence in flashbulb memories.

Question 6

Regarding research on where different types of long-term memories are stored in the brain,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Episodic memories are associated with the frontal regions of the cortex, reflecting their connection to personal experiences and specific contexts, while semantic memories, which involve facts and general knowledge, are linked to the posterior regions of the cortex, including the temporal and parietal lobes. This distinction aligns with the broader understanding of how different types of information are processed and stored in various parts of the brain.

Question 7

Working with sea snails,Eric Kandel found that when learning took place

Accepted Answer

Eric Kandel's research on sea snails (specifically Aplysia) demonstrated that learning in these organisms involved changes in the amount of neurotransmitters released by their nerve cells. This finding was crucial in understanding the cellular basis of learning and memory.

Question 8

Regarding research on where different types of long-term memories are stored in the brain,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus, located in the medial temporal lobe of the brain, is known to play a central role in memory consolidation, which is the process of transferring information from short-term memory into long-term memory storage. It is also involved in the formation and retrieval of declarative memories, which are memories that can be consciously recalled and verbally described. However, it is not the only area involved in the storage of long-term memories. Declarative long-term memories are actually primarily stored in the neocortex, while the basal ganglia and cerebellum are more involved in procedural memories or skills. Semantic memories are stored in various areas across the cortex, not just in the front, and episodic memories are not exclusively stored in the back area of the cortex.

Question 9

Eric Kandel found that learning altered the amount of

Accepted Answer

Eric Kandel's research demonstrated that learning in snails led to changes in the amount of neurotransmitter chemicals released by their nerve cells, highlighting a physiological basis for learning and memory.

Question 10

Pauline's flashbulb memories of her children's births were caused by these exciting and stressful experiences heightening the activity in the limbic system of her brain,which intensified the process of forming long-term memories known as

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memories are dense, detailed, and vivid memories of highly emotional and significant events, such as major accidents, terrorist attacks, or personal traumatic experiences. This type of memory is caused by the activation of the limbic system, which includes structures like the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the hypothalamus. These structures are involved in emotional processing, stress responses, reward mechanisms, and memory consolidation. During a flashbulb memory, the intense emotional experience triggers a release of neurotransmitters and hormones that enhance the encoding and retrieval of the memory traces. Consolidation refers to the stabilization and integration of new memories into long-term storage, which requires repeated activation and strengthening of the neuronal connections involved. Therefore, choice A) consolidation is the best option that describes the process of forming long-term memories in the context of flashbulb memories.

Question 11

For Angela,the memory of her wedding ten years ago is a vivid,lasting,and emotionally-charged memory.This memory would be considered a(n)__________ memory.

Accepted Answer

This memory would be considered a flashbulb memory. Flashbulb memories are highly detailed, emotionally-arousing memories that are created in response to a significant event. These memories are often vivid and detailed, and they are typically remembered for a long period of time. The memory of Angela's wedding would fit this description because it is vivid, lasting, and emotionally-charged.

Question 12

According to blood flow patterns,the cortex of the brain appears to be where which type of memory is stored?

Accepted Answer

Declarative memory involves conscious recall of facts and events and is stored in the cortex of the brain, specifically in the hippocampus and surrounding areas. The other options (procedural, eidetic, and skill) involve different types of memory that are stored in other areas of the brain.

Question 13

Patterns of blood flow within the brain show that the front of the brain cortex is related more to __________ memories.

Accepted Answer

Episodic memories are related to specific events and experiences, and are typically stored in the frontal lobes of the brain. This is supported by patterns of blood flow within the brain during memory tasks. Semantic memories, on the other hand, are more related to general knowledge and are typically stored in the temporal lobes. Procedural and skill memories are related to learned motor skills and are typically stored in the basal ganglia and cerebellum.

Question 14

Once declarative memories are formed,they appear to be stored in which part of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Declarative memories are stored in the cerebral cortex, which is responsible for conscious thought and perception. The hippocampus, which is located in the temporal lobe just below the cortex, is also involved in the formation and retrieval of declarative memories.

Question 15

If a memory is particularly emotional,as are many flashbulb memories,the process of consolidation is intensified by heightened activity in the

Accepted Answer

The limbic system, which is responsible for processing emotions, is likely to be involved in the consolidation of emotional memories, especially flashbulb memories, where emotions are highly intensified. The pons and the reticular formation, although also involved in memory processing, are not specifically associated with emotional memories. The prefrontal cortex plays a role in working memory and executive function but is not directly related to the consolidation of emotional memories.

Question 16

Regarding flashbulb memories,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memories are not always accurate and have been shown to decay or become distorted over time. While they may feel intense and permanent, they are subject to the same forgetting and alteration processes as other memories. Additionally, flashbulb memories can be associated with both positive and negative events, including public tragedies. While emotions may contribute to the vividness of a flashbulb memory, they do not necessarily make it more accurate. Flashbulb memories are not repressed memories, as they are typically easily recalled and often recounted by individuals.

Question 17

Long-term procedural memories are stored in which part(s)of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Long-term procedural memories, which involve the learning of motor skills and habits, are stored in the cerebellum and basal ganglia.

Question 18

According to blood flow patterns,the basal ganglia and cerebellum appear to be where which type of memory is stored?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the basal ganglia and cerebellum are involved in procedural memory, which is the type of memory for how to perform tasks or movements.

Question 19

Regarding flashbulb memories,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memories do not result from an overactivation of the somatosensory cortex. Instead, they are believed to be formed due to the amygdala's involvement in the emotional reaction to an event. The amygdala then strengthens the memory in conjunction with the hippocampus.

Question 20

Satera was in her car when the bridge collapsed.Her car dropped 30 feet to the ground.Although Satera experienced only scratches and bruises,this emotionally-charged event produced a very lasting and vivid flashbulb memory.Which part of her brain is responsible for intensifying this tragic memory for Satera?

Accepted Answer

The limbic system, particularly the amygdala, is responsible for processing emotions and contributing to the formation of strong, long-lasting memories. The emotional intensity of the event, in this case, the traumatic experience of the bridge collapse, would activate the limbic system and lead to the development of a vivid flashbulb memory. The other brain regions listed (pons, reticular formation, prefrontal cortex) are not specifically involved in the formation of emotional memories.

Quiz 7: C: Memory

Extremely traumatic experiences,such as military combat,can result in memories and "flashbacks" that leave a person emotionally handicapped because they produce so much activation in which part of the brain?

Patterns of blood flow within the brain show that the back areas of the brain cortex are associated more with __________ memories.

Regarding research on where long-term memories are stored and activated within the brain,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Cynthia can vividly recall where she was,what she was doing,and how she felt when she saw the planes hit the Twin Towers on September 11.For Cynthia and many others,this tragedy formed a(n)

Which of the following is NOT a reason that people tend to put great confidence in flashbulb memories,even when they are wrong?

Regarding research on where different types of long-term memories are stored in the brain,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Working with sea snails,Eric Kandel found that when learning took place

Regarding research on where different types of long-term memories are stored in the brain,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Eric Kandel found that learning altered the amount of

Pauline's flashbulb memories of her children's births were caused by these exciting and stressful experiences heightening the activity in the limbic system of her brain,which intensified the process of forming long-term memories known as

For Angela,the memory of her wedding ten years ago is a vivid,lasting,and emotionally-charged memory.This memory would be considered a(n) __________ memory.

According to blood flow patterns,the cortex of the brain appears to be where which type of memory is stored?

Patterns of blood flow within the brain show that the front of the brain cortex is related more to __________ memories.

Once declarative memories are formed,they appear to be stored in which part of the brain?

If a memory is particularly emotional,as are many flashbulb memories,the process of consolidation is intensified by heightened activity in the

Regarding flashbulb memories,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Long-term procedural memories are stored in which part(s) of the brain?

According to blood flow patterns,the basal ganglia and cerebellum appear to be where which type of memory is stored?

Regarding flashbulb memories,which of the following statements is FALSE?