Question 1

Match the following terms to the description with which they best correspond.
-experiment in which individuals who have different alleles for two genes are crossed
A)genotype
B)heterozygous
C)dihybrid cross
D)pleiotropic
E)codominance
F)epistasis
G)incomplete dominance
H)syndrome
I)continuous variation
J)aneuploidy

Accepted Answer

A dihybrid cross involves individuals with different alleles for two genes.

Answer: B
 Heterozygous means having two different alleles for a particular gene.

Answer: J
 Aneuploidy refers to the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, such as having one extra or one missing chromosome.

Answer: C
 Pleiotropy refers to a single gene affecting multiple traits, but a dihybrid cross involves individuals with different alleles for two genes.

Answer: E
 Codominance refers to both alleles being expressed equally in the phenotype of a heterozygote.

Answer: F
 Epistasis refers to one gene affecting the expression of another gene, but a dihybrid cross involves individuals with different alleles for two genes.

Answer: G
 Incomplete dominance refers to the phenotype of a heterozygote being intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes.

Answer: H
 A syndrome is a group of symptoms that occur together and are characteristic of a particular disease or disorder.

Answer: I
 Continuous variation refers to variation in a trait that is not easily divided into distinct categories, such as height or weight.

Answer: A
 Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual. While genotype is involved in a dihybrid cross, the question specifically asks about the experiment itself, which is best described as a dihybrid cross.

Question 2

Match the following terms to the description with which they best correspond.
-condition in which one allele is not fully dominant over another; the heterozygous phenotype appears to be a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes
A)Genotype
B)Heterozygous
C)dihybrid cross
D)Pleiotropic
E)codominance
F)epistasis
G)incomplete dominance
H)syndrome
I)continuous variation
J)aneuploidy

Accepted Answer

Incomplete dominance is a condition in which one allele is not fully dominant over another. The heterozygous phenotype appears to be a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes.

Question 3

____ is an example of a genetic disorder with little impact on the individual.
A)XXX syndrome
B)Turner syndrome
C)Hemophilia
D)XYY syndrome
E)Down syndrome

Accepted Answer

XXX syndrome is a genetic disorder where individuals have an extra X chromosome. Although it can cause developmental delays, individuals with XXX syndrome usually have normal intelligence and health, and do not experience significant impacts on their daily lives.

Question 4

Match the following terms to the description with which they best correspond.
-two different alleles of a given gene
A)genotype
B)heterozygous
C)dihybrid cross
D)pleiotropic
E)codominance
F)epistasis
G)incomplete dominance
H)syndrome
I)continuous variation
J)aneuploidy

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the following terms to the description...

Question 5

Amniocentesis involves sampling ____.
A)the embryo at the eight cell stage
B)fetal cells in the amniotic fluid
C)sperm or egg cells
D)fetal skin tissue
E)placental cells

Accepted Answer

Amniocentesis involves sampling fetal cells located in the amniotic fluid surrounding the developing fetus. It is typically performed between 15 and 20 weeks of pregnancy and can provide information about the genetic makeup of the fetus.

Question 6

Face length in dogs is controlled by ____.
A)a dozen alleles
B)a dozen genes
C)multiple chromosomes
D)sex-linked alleles
E)trisomies

Accepted Answer

The answer of Face length in dogs is controlled by...

Question 7

Match the following terms to the correct label in the figure below. 
-phenotype
A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the following terms to the correct...

Question 8

Match the following terms to the description with which they best correspond.
-the set of symptoms that characterize a genetic disease
A)genotype
B)heterozygous
C)dihybrid cross
D)pleiotropic
E)codominance
F)epistasis
G)incomplete dominance
H)syndrome
I)continuous variation
J)aneuploidy

Accepted Answer

A syndrome is a set of symptoms that characterize a genetic disease.

Answer: A
 Genotype refers to the specific genes an individual possesses, which can contribute to the development of a genetic disease.

Answer: D
 Pleiotropic genes can impact multiple traits and symptoms in a genetic disease.

Answer: J
 Aneuploidy refers to a genetic condition in which an individual has an abnormal number of chromosomes, which can lead to various symptoms and disorders.

Note: None of the other terms provided match the description given for "the set of symptoms that characterize a genetic disease," so options B, C, E, F, and G are not valid choices. Option I is also not a good fit as it refers to continuous variations in traits, rather than specifically to the symptoms of a genetic disease.

Question 9

Match the following terms to the description with which they best correspond.
-a range of small differences in a shared trait
A)genotype
B)heterozygous
C)dihybrid cross
D)pleiotropic
E)codominance
F)epistasis
G)incomplete dominance
H)syndrome
I)continuous variation
J)aneuploidy

Accepted Answer

Continuous variation refers to a range of small differences in a shared trait, such as height or skin color in humans.

Answer: G
 In incomplete dominance, neither allele is fully dominant and the heterozygous individual displays a phenotype that is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes.

Answer: A
 Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual, which can include different alleles for a given trait.

Answer: D
 Pleiotropic refers to a single gene affecting multiple traits or having multiple effects on a single trait.

Answer: H
 Syndrome refers to a group of symptoms or traits that tend to occur together and may have a common underlying cause.

Answer: J
 Aneuploidy refers to a condition in which an individual has an abnormal number of chromosomes, such as Down syndrome where there is an extra copy of chromosome 21.

Answer: E
 Codominance refers to a situation where both alleles of a gene are expressed in the heterozygous individual, resulting in a phenotype that shows both traits.

Answer: F
 Epistasis refers to a situation where one gene affects the expression of another gene.

Answer: C
 A dihybrid cross is a genetic cross between two individuals that differ in two traits, with the aim of determining the inheritance pattern of both traits together.

Answer: B
 Heterozygous refers to an individual that has two different alleles for a given trait.

Question 10

Match the following terms to the description with which they best correspond.
-refers to a gene whose product influences multiple genes
A)Genotype
B)Heterozygous
C)dihybrid cross
D)Pleiotropic
E)codominance
F)epistasis
G)incomplete dominance
H)syndrome
I)continuous variation
J)aneuploidy

Accepted Answer

Pleiotropy refers to a gene that affects multiple traits.

Question 11

Match the following terms to the description with which they best correspond.
-effect in which a trait is influenced by the product of multiple genes
A)Genotype
B)Heterozygous
C)dihybrid cross
D)Pleiotropic
E)codominance
F)epistasis
G)incomplete dominance
H)syndrome
I)continuous variation
J)aneuploidy

Accepted Answer

Epistasis refers to the effect where a single gene can affect the expression of multiple other genes.

Answer: D 
 Pleiotropy is the effect where a single gene can affect multiple traits.

Answer: I 
 Continuous variation refers to the range of variation for a trait that is influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors.

Answer: J 
 Aneuploidy refers to the condition where an individual has an abnormal number of chromosomes, usually as a result of non-disjunction during meiosis.

Answer: C 
 A dihybrid cross is a type of genetic cross where the inheritance of two different traits is observed simultaneously.

Answer: G 
 Incomplete dominance is a type of inheritance where the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes.

Answer: E 
 Codominance is a type of inheritance where both alleles in a heterozygous individual are expressed equally, resulting in a phenotype that shows both traits.

Answer: H 
 A syndrome refers to a set of symptoms or characteristics that are often found together and indicative of a particular condition or disease.

Answer: A 
 Genotype refers to the set of genes an individual has inherited from their parents that determine their traits.

Answer: B 
 Heterozygous refers to an individual who has two different alleles for a particular gene.

Question 12

Match the following terms to the description with which they best correspond.
-the particular alleles carried by an individual
A)genotype
B)heterozygous
C)dihybrid cross
D)pleiotropic
E)codominance
F)epistasis
G)incomplete dominance
H)syndrome
I)continuous variation
J)aneuploidy

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the following terms to the description...

Question 13

Suppose a single nondisjunction event occurs during anaphase II of meiosis in a normal male cell from meiosis I.Of the resulting sperm,____.
A)three would be normal and one would have an extra chromosome
B)two would be normal, one would have an extra chromosome, and one would be missing a chromosome
C)two would have an extra chromosome and two would be missing a chromosome
D)all four sperm would have an extra chromosome
E)three would have an extra chromosome and one would be normal

Accepted Answer

During anaphase II of meiosis, chromatids are separated, and if a nondisjunction event occurs, homologous chromosomes may not be pulled apart correctly, resulting in gametes with an incorrect number of chromosomes. In this scenario, a single nondisjunction event occurs during anaphase II of meiosis in a normal male cell from meiosis I. Since the starting cell is normal, it has a diploid set of 46 chromosomes. During meiosis I, the cell would undergo reduction division and separate homologous chromosomes so that each resulting cell would have a haploid set of 23 chromosomes. During meiosis II, the resulting haploid cells divide again, and if a nondisjunction event occurs during anaphase II, chromatids will be separated incorrectly, leading to gametes with an incorrect number of chromosomes.

In this scenario, a single nondisjunction event occurs during anaphase II, and since it occurs in a male cell, all resulting gametes will have one X and one Y chromosome. There are four potential outcomes for the resulting sperm:

- Normal: 23 chromosomes, one X and one Y.
- Extra chromosome: 24 chromosomes, two sex chromosomes (XX or XY) and one extra chromosome.
- Missing chromosome: 22 chromosomes, one sex chromosome (X or Y) and one missing chromosome.
- Extra and missing chromosome: 23 chromosomes, one sex chromosome (X or Y), one extra chromosome, and one missing chromosome.

Based on these potential outcomes, the best choice is B, as two of the sperm would be normal, one would have an extra chromosome, and one would be missing a chromosome.

Question 14

The process by which chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis is called ____.
A)aneuploidy
B)trisomy
C)monosomy
D)nondisjunction
E)polyploidy

Accepted Answer

Nondisjunction is the process by which chromosomes fail to separate properly during meiosis. This can lead to an abnormal number of chromosomes in the resulting daughter cells, which can result in conditions such as aneuploidy (an abnormal number of chromosomes) and trisomy (an extra copy of a chromosome) or monosomy (a missing chromosome). Polyploidy refers to having more than two complete sets of chromosomes, which is typically seen in plants rather than animals.

Question 15

Match the following terms to the description with which they best correspond.
-refers to two alleles that are both fully expressed in heterozygous individuals
A)Genotype
B)Heterozygous
C)dihybrid cross
D)Pleiotropic
E)codominance
F)epistasis
G)incomplete dominance
H)syndrome
I)continuous variation
J)aneuploidy

Accepted Answer

Codominance refers to two alleles that are both fully expressed in heterozygous individuals, meaning that neither allele is dominant over the other.

Question 16

Genetic testing by ____ can be performed earliest in pregnancy.
A)amniocentesis
B)obstetric sonography
C)fetoscopy
D)chorionic villus sampling
E)preimplantation genetic diagnosis

Accepted Answer

Chorionic villus sampling can be performed between 10 and 13 weeks of pregnancy, earlier than amniocentesis and fetoscopy. Obstetric sonography can detect some genetic abnormalities but cannot provide genetic testing. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is performed before pregnancy through in vitro fertilization.

Question 17

Match the following terms to the description with which they best correspond.
-a chromosome abnormality in which there are too many or too few copies of a particular chromosome
A)genotype
B)heterozygous
C)dihybrid cross
D)pleiotropic
E)codominance
F)epistasis
G)incomplete dominance
H)syndrome
I)continuous variation
J)aneuploidy

Accepted Answer

Aneuploidy is a chromosome abnormality in which there are too many or too few copies of a particular chromosome.

Answer: H
 A syndrome is a collection of symptoms that consistently occur together, and is often caused by a genetic abnormality.

Answer: A
 Genotype refers to an individual's genetic makeup.

Answer: C
 A dihybrid cross is a cross between individuals that differ in two traits.

Answer: G
 Incomplete dominance is a pattern of inheritance in which the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes.

Answer: E
 Codominance is a pattern of inheritance in which both alleles are expressed in the heterozygous phenotype.

Answer: F
 Epistasis occurs when the expression of one gene is dependent on the expression of one or more other genes.

Answer: D
 Pleiotropic genes are genes that affect multiple traits.

Answer: I
 Continuous variation refers to variation in a trait that can take on a range of values, rather than only a few distinct values.

Answer: B
 Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene.

Question 18

Match the following terms to the correct label in the figure below. 
-recessive phenotype
A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the following terms to the correct...

Question 19

Match the following terms to the correct label in the figure below. 
-genotype
A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Accepted Answer

Genotype refers to the specific genetic makeup of an individual, which is coded by their DNA.

Question 20

Match the following terms to the correct label in the figure below. 
-heterozygous
A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene, which is represented by a capital letter and a lowercase letter. In this case, "Aa" represents a heterozygous genotype, where "A" is the dominant allele and "a" is the recessive allele. Option A represents a homozygous dominant genotype (having two copies of the dominant allele), while option C represents a homozygous recessive genotype (having two copies of the recessive allele).

Quiz 9: Patterns Of Inheritance

Match the following terms to the description with which they best correspond. -experiment in which individuals who have different alleles for two genes are crossed

Match the following terms to the description with which they best correspond. -condition in which one allele is not fully dominant over another; the heterozygous phenotype appears to be a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes

____ is an example of a genetic disorder with little impact on the individual.

Match the following terms to the description with which they best correspond. -two different alleles of a given gene

Amniocentesis involves sampling ____.

Face length in dogs is controlled by ____.

Match the following terms to the correct label in the figure below. -phenotype

Match the following terms to the description with which they best correspond. -the set of symptoms that characterize a genetic disease

Match the following terms to the description with which they best correspond. -a range of small differences in a shared trait

Match the following terms to the description with which they best correspond. -refers to a gene whose product influences multiple genes

Match the following terms to the description with which they best correspond. -effect in which a trait is influenced by the product of multiple genes

Match the following terms to the description with which they best correspond. -the particular alleles carried by an individual

Suppose a single nondisjunction event occurs during anaphase II of meiosis in a normal male cell from meiosis I.Of the resulting sperm,____.

The process by which chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis is called ____.

Match the following terms to the description with which they best correspond. -refers to two alleles that are both fully expressed in heterozygous individuals

Genetic testing by ____ can be performed earliest in pregnancy.

Match the following terms to the description with which they best correspond. -a chromosome abnormality in which there are too many or too few copies of a particular chromosome

Match the following terms to the correct label in the figure below. -recessive phenotype

Match the following terms to the correct label in the figure below. -genotype

Match the following terms to the correct label in the figure below. -heterozygous