Question 1

Hyposulfite,SO₂^2-,is a polyatomic ion that has not yet been definitively confirmed to exist.However,the VSEPR model may still be applied to yield a prediction on its molecular geometry.What is the most reasonable estimate for the O-S-O bond angle in hyposulfite? A)90° B)106° C)109.5° D)112° E)120°

Accepted Answer

In the absence of any definite information, we can assume that hyposulfite has a tetrahedral electron geometry. This can be justified by the fact that sulfur has six valence electrons and oxygen has four, allowing for a combination of four sulfur-oxygen bonds and two lone pairs on sulfur atom. Using VSEPR theory, we can predict that the molecule will have a bent shape due to the lone pair repulsion. Therefore, the O-S-O bond angle will be less than the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°. The most reasonable estimate, based on the bent shape, should be around 106°, which is closest to answer choice B.

Question 2

The number of π bonds in phosgene,COCl₂,is A)0. B)1. C)2. D)3. E)4.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The number of π bonds in phosgene,COCl₂,is A)0. B)1. C)2. D)3. E)4....

Question 3

According to molecular orbital theory,what is the bond order in the O₂⁺ ion? A)5.5 B)5 C)4 D)2.5 E)1.5

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to molecular orbital theory,what is the...

Question 4

For a polyatomic ion having the general formula AB₃ⁿ^±,where A is an atom from Group 6A,B is an atom from Group 7A,and the ionic charge is n±,what charge must the ion have in order to yield a molecular geometry that is trigonal pyramidal? A)3- B)1- C)1+ D)3+ E)5+

Accepted Answer

In order to have a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry, the polyatomic ion must have a central atom with four electron groups, three of which are bonding and one of which is a lone pair. This means that the central atom must have a tetrahedral electron geometry. Group 6A elements have 6 valence electrons, and Group 7A elements have 7 valence electrons. Therefore, if we use one atom from each group in the ion, we have a total of 26 valence electrons (6 from A, 7 from B, and 1 from the single negative charge). To achieve a tetrahedral electron geometry with this number of electrons, the central atom must have one lone pair. Looking at the formula given, there is only one atom that could be the central atom with one lone pair, and that is the A atom. Therefore, the ion must be in the form A1B3S1 with one negative charge, giving a total of 26 valence electrons. In order to achieve a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry, the ion must have a total of four electron groups around the central A atom, which means that there must be three bonding groups (corresponding to the three B atoms) and one lone pair. This requires that the ion have an overall charge of 1+, so that the central A atom can have a lone pair of electrons. Therefore, the correct answer is C) 1+.

Question 5

Consider the species F₂⁺,F₂,and F₂^-.Which of these species will be paramagnetic? A)F₂⁺,F₂,and F₂^- B)F₂⁺ and F₂ C)F₂ and F₂^- D)F₂⁺ and F₂^- E)None is paramagnetic.

Accepted Answer

To determine if a species is paramagnetic, we need to determine if it has any unpaired electrons. In F₂, there are no unpaired electrons. In F₂⁺, there are two unpaired electrons in the S1P1+ ion, making the whole species paramagnetic. In F₂^-, there are two unpaired electrons in the S1P1- ion, making the whole species paramagnetic. Thus, the only species that is paramagnetic are F₂⁺ and F₂^-, making choice D the correct answer.

Question 6

For a homonuclear diatomic molecule,which molecular orbital is the lowest in energy?
A) 
B) 
C) 
D) 
E)All of these orbitals have the same energy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For a homonuclear diatomic molecule,which molecular orbital...

Question 7

Which figure best illustrates the hybrid orbitals on phosphorous in PH₃? A) B) C) D) E)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which figure best illustrates the hybrid orbitals...

Question 8

Rank the following molecules in order of increasing dipole moment. 
A)III < II < I
B)III < I < II
C)I < II < III
D)I < III < II
E)II < III < I

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rank the following molecules in order of...

Question 9

Which figure best illustrates the hybrid orbitals on iodine in ICl₂^-? A) B) C) D) E)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which figure best illustrates the hybrid orbitals...

Question 10

Consider the species N₂^-,N₂,and N₂⁺.Which of these species will be paramagnetic? A)N₂ and N₂^- B)N₂⁺ and N₂ C)N₂⁺ and N₂^- D)N₂^-,N₂,and N₂⁺ E)None is paramagnetic.

Accepted Answer

In determining paramagnetism, we look for unpaired electrons. The presence of unpaired electrons in the MO diagram makes the molecule paramagnetic. In option A, N₂ has no unpaired electrons, while N₂^- has one unpaired electron. In option B, N₂ is diamagnetic (no unpaired electrons), while N₂⁺ has two unpaired electrons. In option C, both N₂⁺ and N₂^- have unpaired electrons, making them paramagnetic. Therefore, the answer is C.

Question 11

For a homonuclear diatomic molecule,which molecular orbital is the highest in energy?
A) 
B) 
C) 
D) 
E)All of these orbitals have the same energy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For a homonuclear diatomic molecule,which molecular orbital...

Question 12

Which is the correct hybrid orbital diagram representing the hybridization of iodine in ICl₅? A) B) C) D) E)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is the correct hybrid orbital diagram...

Question 13

The electrons in the delocalized molecular orbitals of benzene (C₆H₆) A)are confined between two adjacent bonding atoms. B)are free to move around the six-membered ring. C)form the electron pairs in the C-H bonds of the compound. D)are unevenly distributed through the molecule. E)give rise to alternating single and double bonds around the ring.

Accepted Answer

The delocalized molecular orbitals of benzene extend over the entire six-membered ring, allowing the electrons to move freely around the ring. This gives rise to the aromaticity and stability of benzene. Therefore, option B is the best choice. The other options are incorrect as the electrons are not confined between two atoms, do not form electron pairs in C-H bonds, are evenly distributed in the molecule, and do not give rise to alternating single and double bonds.

Question 14

Which molecular formula corresponds to a structural formula with carbon atoms having hybridizations of sp,sp²,and sp³? A)C₃H₆ B)C₄H₄ C)C₄H₆ D)C₅H₆ E)C₅H₈

Accepted Answer

The hybridization of carbon atoms in the structure can be represented as sp, sp3, sp2, sp2, sp3, sp3, sp2, and sp2. Therefore, the molecular formula should have 15 carbon atoms (CS1U1B15), and the appropriate number of hydrogen atoms to satisfy the valence requirements of the atoms in the structure. The only option that fits this requirement is D.

Question 15

Allene,C₃H₄ (shown below),is one component of gas used for high-temperature welding. According to the valence bond model,which is a proper description of the bonding on the central carbon atom in allene? A)It shares four π bonds,two with each carbon atom on either side. B)It shares four σ bonds,two with each carbon atom on either side. C)It shares one σ bond and one π bond with each carbon atom on either side. D)It shares two σ bonds with the carbon atom on the left,and two π bonds with the carbon atom on the right. E)It shares two σ bonds with the carbon atom on the right,and two π bonds with the carbon atom on the left.

Accepted Answer

According to the valence bond model, the central carbon atom in allene shares one σ bond and one π bond with each carbon atom on either side. This is due to the overlap of the sp hybrid orbitals of the central carbon atom with the sp hybrid orbitals of the adjacent carbon atoms. The σ bond is formed by the overlap of two sp hybrid orbitals, while the π bond is formed by the overlap of two unhybridized p orbitals perpendicular to the plane of the molecule.

Question 16

According to molecular orbital theory,what is the bond order in the O₂^- ion? A)5.5 B)5 C)4 D)2.5 E)1.5

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to molecular orbital theory,what is the...

Question 17

Which figure best illustrates the hybrid orbitals on carbon in benzene,C₆H₆? A) B) C) D) E)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which figure best illustrates the hybrid orbitals...

Question 18

According to molecular orbital theory,what is the bond order of the hypofluorite ion,OF^-? A)0 B)0.5 C)1 D)1.5 E)2

Accepted Answer

In molecular orbital theory, the bond order is given by the difference between the number of bonding electrons and the number of antibonding electrons, divided by 2. 
For the hypofluorite ion, we first need to construct the molecular orbital diagram. 
The molecular orbital diagram for hypofluorite ion would have the following order of filling of electrons:
OFS(1)U(1)P(1)-S(1)S(1)P(0)

We can see that there are a total of 8 valence electrons in the hypofluorite ion (6 from oxygen, and 1 each from sulfur and fluorine). 
Using the molecular orbital diagram, we can fill up the molecular orbitals with these electrons as follows:

OFS(1)U(1)P(1)-S(1)S(1)P(0)
  4         2      2        0

There are 4 bonding electrons and 2 antibonding electrons, resulting in a bond order of (4-2)/2 = 1. Hence, the answer is choice C) 1.

Question 19

The nitrosonium ion,NO⁺,forms a number of interesting complexes with nickel,cobalt,and iron. According to molecular orbital theory,which statement about NO⁺ is correct? A)NO⁺ has a bond order of 2 and is paramagnetic. B)NO⁺ has a bond order of 2 and is diamagnetic. C)NO⁺ has a bond order of 3 and is paramagnetic. D)NO⁺ has a bond order of 3 and is diamagnetic. E)NO⁺ has a bond order of 2.5 and is neither paramagnetic nor diamagnetic.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nitrosonium ion,NO⁺,forms a number of interesting...

Question 20

According to molecular orbital (MO)theory,the twelve valence electrons in the O₂ molecule are distributed as follows: A)12 in bonding MOs,0 in antibonding MOs. B)10 in bonding MOs,2 in antibonding MOs. C)9 in bonding MOs,3 in antibonding MOs. D)8 in bonding MOs,4 in antibonding MOs. E)7 in bonding MOs,5 in antibonding MOs.

Accepted Answer

According to MO theory, the 12 valence electrons in the O₂ molecule will fill the molecular orbitals in order of increasing energy. There are six molecular orbitals available, three bonding and three antibonding. The first six electrons will fill the bonding molecular orbitals, while the remaining six electrons will fill the antibonding molecular orbitals. Therefore, there will be 8 electrons in bonding MOs and 4 electrons in antibonding MOs.Choice D is the only option that fits this description.

Quiz 9: Chemical Bonding Ii Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories

Hyposulfite,SO₂^2-,is a polyatomic ion that has not yet been definitively confirmed to exist.However,the VSEPR model may still be applied to yield a prediction on its molecular geometry.What is the most reasonable estimate for the O-S-O bond angle in hyposulfite?

The number of π bonds in phosgene,COCl₂,is

According to molecular orbital theory,what is the bond order in the O₂⁺ ion?

For a polyatomic ion having the general formula AB₃ⁿ^±,where A is an atom from Group 6A,B is an atom from Group 7A,and the ionic charge is n±,what charge must the ion have in order to yield a molecular geometry that is trigonal pyramidal?

Consider the species F₂⁺,F₂,and F₂^-.Which of these species will be paramagnetic?

For a homonuclear diatomic molecule,which molecular orbital is the lowest in energy?

Which figure best illustrates the hybrid orbitals on phosphorous in PH₃?

Rank the following molecules in order of increasing dipole moment.

Which figure best illustrates the hybrid orbitals on iodine in ICl₂^-?

Consider the species N₂^-,N₂,and N₂⁺.Which of these species will be paramagnetic?

For a homonuclear diatomic molecule,which molecular orbital is the highest in energy?

Which is the correct hybrid orbital diagram representing the hybridization of iodine in ICl₅?

The electrons in the delocalized molecular orbitals of benzene (C₆H₆)

Which molecular formula corresponds to a structural formula with carbon atoms having hybridizations of sp,sp²,and sp³?

Allene,C₃H₄ (shown below) ,is one component of gas used for high-temperature welding. According to the valence bond model,which is a proper description of the bonding on the central carbon atom in allene?

According to molecular orbital theory,what is the bond order in the O₂^- ion?

Which figure best illustrates the hybrid orbitals on carbon in benzene,C₆H₆?

According to molecular orbital theory,what is the bond order of the hypofluorite ion,OF^-?

The nitrosonium ion,NO⁺,forms a number of interesting complexes with nickel,cobalt,and iron. According to molecular orbital theory,which statement about NO⁺ is correct?

According to molecular orbital (MO) theory,the twelve valence electrons in the O₂ molecule are distributed as follows:

Quiz 9: Chemical Bonding Ii Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories

Hyposulfite,SO22-,is a polyatomic ion that has not yet been definitively confirmed to exist.However,the VSEPR model may still be applied to yield a prediction on its molecular geometry.What is the most reasonable estimate for the O-S-O bond angle in hyposulfite?

The number of π bonds in phosgene,COCl2,is

According to molecular orbital theory,what is the bond order in the O2+ ion?

For a polyatomic ion having the general formula AB3n±,where A is an atom from Group 6A,B is an atom from Group 7A,and the ionic charge is n±,what charge must the ion have in order to yield a molecular geometry that is trigonal pyramidal?

Consider the species F2+,F2,and F2-.Which of these species will be paramagnetic?

For a homonuclear diatomic molecule,which molecular orbital is the lowest in energy?

Which figure best illustrates the hybrid orbitals on phosphorous in PH3?

Rank the following molecules in order of increasing dipole moment.

Which figure best illustrates the hybrid orbitals on iodine in ICl2-?

Consider the species N2-,N2,and N2+.Which of these species will be paramagnetic?

For a homonuclear diatomic molecule,which molecular orbital is the highest in energy?

Which is the correct hybrid orbital diagram representing the hybridization of iodine in ICl5?

The electrons in the delocalized molecular orbitals of benzene (C6H6)

Which molecular formula corresponds to a structural formula with carbon atoms having hybridizations of sp,sp2,and sp3?

Allene,C3H4 (shown below) ,is one component of gas used for high-temperature welding. According to the valence bond model,which is a proper description of the bonding on the central carbon atom in allene?

According to molecular orbital theory,what is the bond order in the O2- ion?

Which figure best illustrates the hybrid orbitals on carbon in benzene,C6H6?

According to molecular orbital theory,what is the bond order of the hypofluorite ion,OF-?

The nitrosonium ion,NO+,forms a number of interesting complexes with nickel,cobalt,and iron. According to molecular orbital theory,which statement about NO+ is correct?

According to molecular orbital (MO) theory,the twelve valence electrons in the O2 molecule are distributed as follows:

Hyposulfite,SO₂^2-,is a polyatomic ion that has not yet been definitively confirmed to exist.However,the VSEPR model may still be applied to yield a prediction on its molecular geometry.What is the most reasonable estimate for the O-S-O bond angle in hyposulfite?

The number of π bonds in phosgene,COCl₂,is

According to molecular orbital theory,what is the bond order in the O₂⁺ ion?

For a polyatomic ion having the general formula AB₃ⁿ^±,where A is an atom from Group 6A,B is an atom from Group 7A,and the ionic charge is n±,what charge must the ion have in order to yield a molecular geometry that is trigonal pyramidal?

Consider the species F₂⁺,F₂,and F₂^-.Which of these species will be paramagnetic?

Which figure best illustrates the hybrid orbitals on phosphorous in PH₃?

Which figure best illustrates the hybrid orbitals on iodine in ICl₂^-?

Consider the species N₂^-,N₂,and N₂⁺.Which of these species will be paramagnetic?

Which is the correct hybrid orbital diagram representing the hybridization of iodine in ICl₅?

The electrons in the delocalized molecular orbitals of benzene (C₆H₆)

Which molecular formula corresponds to a structural formula with carbon atoms having hybridizations of sp,sp²,and sp³?

Allene,C₃H₄ (shown below) ,is one component of gas used for high-temperature welding. According to the valence bond model,which is a proper description of the bonding on the central carbon atom in allene?

According to molecular orbital theory,what is the bond order in the O₂^- ion?

Which figure best illustrates the hybrid orbitals on carbon in benzene,C₆H₆?

According to molecular orbital theory,what is the bond order of the hypofluorite ion,OF^-?

The nitrosonium ion,NO⁺,forms a number of interesting complexes with nickel,cobalt,and iron. According to molecular orbital theory,which statement about NO⁺ is correct?

According to molecular orbital (MO) theory,the twelve valence electrons in the O₂ molecule are distributed as follows: