Question 1

River (the occupational therapist) helps 8-year-old Tanya, who has a developmental coordination disorder, decide what would help her do better in school. Together they outline steps that she can take to meet her goals and develop strategies. After Tanya has spent a few weeks trying out the steps, River asks her how the strategies worked and what might help her in the future. What type of approach does this most closely represent?

Accepted Answer

This approach represents the cognitive orientation to daily occupation, which emphasizes setting goals and developing strategies to meet those goals. This approach recognizes the importance of the person's thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes in influencing their ability to engage in daily activities. It is often used in occupational therapy with individuals who have developmental or neurological disabilities such as developmental coordination disorder. The other options (behavioral, neurodevelopmental treatment, and sensory integration intervention) focus on different approaches to intervention and would not be as applicable in this scenario.

Question 2

What does the current evidence on resilience show as predictive of a child's outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Current evidence on resilience indicates that the total number of risk factors a child faces, along with the resources available to promote resilience, are predictive of a child's outcomes. This suggests that both the challenges and the support systems play crucial roles in determining resilience.

Question 3

Examining how an infant's hand manipulation skills change over time is an example of what concept?

Accepted Answer

Examining how an infant's hand manipulation skills change over time is examining their development, or how they progress and mature over time.

Question 4

The practitioner rolled the large ball toward the 2-year-old boy so he would use both hands to push it back. In this case, what is the ball considered?

Accepted Answer

The ball is considered an affordance because it is an object that provides opportunities for action and interaction for the child, which promotes his motor and cognitive development.

Question 5

Which theorist studied how the child's social and cultural environments influenced development and believed that different levels of social support surround the child?

Accepted Answer

Bronfenbrenner studied how the child's social and cultural environments influenced development and believed that there are different levels of social support that surround the child.

Question 6

Which approach focuses on manually guiding and handling a child while the child performs an activity?

Accepted Answer

Neurodevelopmental treatment involves a hands-on approach where the therapist manually guides and handles the child during activities to facilitate appropriate movement patterns and motor control.

Question 7

What is the relationship between parents and professionals according to family-centered care?

Accepted Answer

Family-centered care emphasizes the importance of a partnership between parents and professionals in caring for a child. Both parties should work together to make decisions and create interventions for the child's well-being. It is not a situation where one side (either parents or professionals) has complete control over the programming.

Question 8

Which statement is not true concerning play and children with physical disabilities?

Accepted Answer

Children with physical disabilities may face challenges in participating in certain activities, but they tend to participate in informal activities and play just as much as their able-bodied peers. They also often have a strong desire to participate in outdoor activities and community events. While there may be a decline in active leisure as they get older, this is not unique to children with physical disabilities.

Question 9

Which statement most closely describes the practice of sensory integration intervention?

Accepted Answer

Sensory integration intervention involves providing the child with controlled sensory input, such as vestibular, proprioceptive, and tactile stimuli, in the context of a meaningful activity. The goal is to help the child improve their ability to process and respond to sensory information. Providing intense sensory input repeatedly until the child is bored or allowing the child to explore a variety of sensations with no clear goal are not appropriate approaches. While auditory and visual stimuli may be used to help calm a child's nervous system, this is not the primary focus of sensory integration intervention.

Question 10

The occupational therapy practitioner plays a game of catch to encourage 5-year-old Dante to bring both arms to midline. What concept most closely describes this example?

Accepted Answer

Occupation as a means refers to using an activity (in this case, playing catch) as a method to achieve a therapeutic goal (encouraging Dante to bring both arms to midline). This approach is about the process and how the activity helps reach a desired outcome.

Question 11

A child playing in the sandbox pretends the sticks are little people walking through a town. Which theorist examined this type of development?

Accepted Answer

Piaget examined the cognitive development of children, particularly their ability to use symbols in play, such as pretending that sticks are little people.

Question 12

Which sequence describes the sequence of cognitive strategy CO-OP, which is used in occupational therapy practice?

Accepted Answer

The CO-OP (Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance) approach follows a client-centered, performance-based, problem-solving process that involves four key steps: Goal setting, Planning, Doing (task execution), and Checking (self-monitoring and evaluation). This sequence is accurately represented by option D: Goal, Plan, Do, Check.

Question 13

The occupational therapy practitioner provides 4-year-old Alec with a lightweight bat and a tee stand so he can play more easily with his friends. What concept most closely describes this example?

Accepted Answer

The concept of occupation as an end refers to engaging in activities or occupations for their own sake, as a means of achieving personal fulfillment and enhancing overall well-being. In this example, the occupational therapy practitioner is providing Alec with tools to participate in a fun and meaningful activity with his friends, which aligns with the concept of occupation as an end.

Question 14

Marvin is a 2-year-old boy with physical limitations. He lives in the city far from a playground, in a third-floor apartment. His parent has limited income and is currently at risk for losing her job. To what does this scenario refer?

Accepted Answer

The scenario describes a situation where Marvin's environment (living situation, family income, and access to play areas) does not support his needs, especially given his physical limitations. This is an example of person-environment incongruence, where there is a mismatch between the individual's needs and the environment's ability to meet those needs.

Question 15

Which concept is not part of the definition of family-centered care?

Accepted Answer

The concept that "Parents are responsible for telling health care professionals how to intervene with their child" is not part of the definition of family-centered care. Rather, family-centered care involves collaboration between healthcare professionals and families, with a focus on respecting families' knowledge and preferences while also incorporating healthcare expertise.

Quiz 2: Foundations for Occupational Therapy Practice With Children