Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a good source of heme iron?
A)Beef
B)Chicken
C)Salmon
D)Spinach

Accepted Answer

Spinach is not a good source of heme iron; it contains non-heme iron, which is found in plant-based foods. Heme iron, which is more easily absorbed by the body, is found in animal products such as beef, chicken, and fish.

Question 2

Identify the most accurate statement regarding copper.
A)Copper deficiency usually causes iron-deficiency anemia.
B)Copper deficiency may result in zinc deficiency.
C)High copper intake can cause osteoporosis.
D)Copper excess may cause changes in hair color.

Accepted Answer

Copper deficiency can lead to iron-deficiency anemia because copper is essential for iron absorption and transport.

Question 3

Zinc deficiency in Iranian and Egyptian men occurred because:
A)they did not eat meat.
B)the diet was low in zinc since local soils were low in zinc.
C)they consumed diets high in animal protein,which inhibits zinc absorption.
D)phytates in the diet bound zinc,decreasing its bioavailability.

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

Which is the true statement about iron loss?
A)When red blood cells die,the iron in the cells is excreted.
B)Most loss of iron from the body is associated with blood loss.
C)There is significant loss of iron through the urinary tract.
D)Iron from red blood cells binds to calcium and is excreted through the large intestine.

Accepted Answer

Most of the iron loss from the body is associated with blood loss. Iron is an essential component of hemoglobin in red blood cells, and the breakdown of old or damaged red blood cells is a major source of iron loss. Iron is not excreted through the urinary tract or excreted with calcium through the large intestine. While some iron may be excreted when red blood cells die, it is not a significant amount.

Question 5

One form of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD),which has antioxidant properties,contains the trace element __________.
A)iron
B)copper
C)sulfur
D)sodium

Accepted Answer

Superoxide dismutase contains copper as a trace element in its active site, which is necessary for its antioxidant activity. Iron is a component of another important enzyme, catalase, which also has antioxidant properties, but is not directly involved in superoxide dismutase activity. Sulfur and sodium are not typically found as trace elements in enzymes with antioxidant properties.

Question 6

The symptoms of zinc deficiency include all of the following EXCEPT:
A)hair loss.
B)impaired reproduction.
C)anemia.
D)reduced immune function.

Accepted Answer

Hair loss, impaired reproduction, reduced immune function are symptoms of zinc deficiency. However, anemia is not a symptom of zinc deficiency, but rather a symptom of iron deficiency.

Question 7

_______________ is an inherited condition that causes individuals to absorb and accumulate too much iron.
A)Hemochromatosis
B)Hematocrit absorption syndrome
C)Hyperferritosis
D)Reverse anemia

Accepted Answer

Hemochromatosis is an inherited condition that causes individuals to absorb and accumulate too much iron. It can lead to organ damage and other health complications if not treated properly. The other choices, hematocrit absorption syndrome, hyperferritosis, and reverse anemia, are not recognized medical conditions.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a true statement?
A)Cooking in iron skillets can provide dietary iron.
B)Vitamin C enhances iron absorption.
C)Phytates in cereal enhance the absorption of iron.
D)Calcium supplements decrease iron absorption.

Accepted Answer

Phytates in cereal actually hinder the absorption of iron, making it less available for the body to use. Therefore, choice C is not a true statement. Choices A, B, and D are true statements.

Question 9

Which is the most sensitive indicator of iron stores in the body?
A)Ferritin
B)Hematocrit
C)Hemoglobin
D)Transferrin

Accepted Answer

Ferritin is the most sensitive indicator of iron stores in the body as it reflects the amount of iron stored in the body's cells. Hemoglobin and hematocrit are measures of iron-containing proteins in the blood and can be affected by other factors such as blood loss or hydration status. Transferrin is a protein involved in iron transport and is not as sensitive as ferritin in detecting iron stores.

Question 10

When the intake of __________ is high,copper absorption into the blood is inhibited.
A)iodine
B)fluoride
C)chromium
D)zinc

Accepted Answer

When the intake of zinc is high, it can inhibit copper absorption into the blood. Zinc and copper compete for absorption in the small intestine, and high levels of zinc can lead to decreased copper levels in the body. This can lead to anemia, weakness, and other health problems.

Question 11

All of the following are adequate sources of nonheme iron EXCEPT:
A)apples.
B)enriched white rice.
C)garbanzo beans.
D)spinach.

Accepted Answer

Apples are not a good source of nonheme iron. While they do contain small amounts of iron, it is not a significant source of nonheme iron. The best choices of nonheme iron sources are garbanzo beans, enriched white rice, and spinach. Garbanzo beans are a good source of nonheme iron, with approximately 2.8 mg of iron per cup. Enriched white rice is also a good source of nonheme iron, with approximately 1.4 mg of iron per cup. Spinach is an excellent source of nonheme iron, with approximately 6.4 mg of iron per cooked cup.

Question 12

Which of the following would NOT enhance absorption of the iron found in supplements?
A)Consuming the supplement with a meal containing beef
B)Taking it with a calcium supplement
C)Taking the supplement with a meal containing fish
D)Consuming it with orange juice

Accepted Answer

Calcium can actually inhibit the absorption of iron, so taking a calcium supplement with an iron supplement would not enhance absorption. Consuming the supplement with a meal containing beef or fish can enhance absorption because meat contains heme iron which is easier for our bodies to absorb than non-heme iron found in plant-based sources. Consuming the supplement with orange juice can enhance absorption because the vitamin C in the juice helps our bodies better absorb non-heme iron.

Question 13

Which statement about zinc toxicity is FALSE?
A)It can lower HDL cholesterol.
B)It may occur from food and beverage contamination by galvanized containers.
C)Zinc toxicity interferes with the function of iron in superoxide dismutase.
D)It can decrease immune function.

Accepted Answer

Zinc toxicity actually increases the activity of superoxide dismutase by replacing copper in the enzyme, which can lead to copper deficiency. Zinc toxicity can cause A, B, and D.

Question 14

Which of the following groups is at risk for zinc deficiency in the United States?
A)Children aged 1-3 years
B)Adults older than 71 years of age
C)Adolescent boys
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the groups mentioned, including children aged 1-3 years, adults older than 71 years, and adolescent boys, are at risk for zinc deficiency due to various dietary and physiological reasons.

Question 15

Which of the following is a true statement about iron requirements?
A)The RDA for young adult women is higher than the RDA young adult men.
B)For adolescents 14 to 18 years-of-age,the RDA is the same for males and females.
C)Iron requirements increase after menopause.
D)Babies should not be fed iron-containing formulas,because of the risk of toxicity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a true...

Question 16

Iron is a component of the protein,______ that binds and transports oxygen in the bloodstream.
A)ferritin
B)albumin
C)hemoglobin
D)myoglobin

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that binds with oxygen and carries it throughout the body. It contains a heme group that contains iron, which is essential for the binding and transport of oxygen. Ferritin is an iron storage protein, albumin is a protein that helps transport various molecules, and myoglobin is a protein that stores oxygen in muscle tissue.

Question 17

The trace minerals are difficult to study in humans because:
A)some of them are required in such small amounts that environmental contamination can obscure experimental results.
B)they are so small,they are difficult to identify.
C)they are required in such small amounts that deficiencies do not occur.
D)biological tests are imprecise.

Accepted Answer

Trace minerals are required in very small amounts and environmental contamination can affect their experimental results. This makes it difficult to study their effects on humans.

Question 18

Iron stores that are higher than normal but not at a toxic level may be associated with:
A)an increased risk of cancer and heart disease.
B)hyper-hemoglobinemia.
C)an improved immune system.
D)increased stamina and endurance.

Accepted Answer

Iron stores that are higher than normal but not toxic can lead to oxidative stress due to excess free iron in the body, increasing the risk of cellular damage, inflammation, and chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease.

Question 19

Lack of which trace element is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide?
A)Copper
B)Zinc
C)Iron
D)Iodine

Accepted Answer

Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide, leading to conditions such as anemia, which affects a significant portion of the global population, especially women and children.

Question 20

Which of the following is a copper-containing plasma protein that converts iron to a form that can be transported and stored?
A)Ceruloplasmin
B)Ferritin
C)Hemoglobin
D)Transferrin

Accepted Answer

Ceruloplasmin is a copper-containing plasma protein that helps to exchange copper ions with ferrous ions, facilitating the movement of copper ions from storage sites to tissues where they are needed. Ceruloplasmin oxidizes ferrous iron to its ferric form, which can then be bound to transferrin for transport or stored in ferritin.

Quiz 12: The Trace Elements

Which of the following is NOT a good source of heme iron?

Identify the most accurate statement regarding copper.

Zinc deficiency in Iranian and Egyptian men occurred because:

Which is the true statement about iron loss?

One form of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) ,which has antioxidant properties,contains the trace element __________.

The symptoms of zinc deficiency include all of the following EXCEPT:

_______________ is an inherited condition that causes individuals to absorb and accumulate too much iron.

Which of the following is NOT a true statement?

Which is the most sensitive indicator of iron stores in the body?

When the intake of __________ is high,copper absorption into the blood is inhibited.

All of the following are adequate sources of nonheme iron EXCEPT:

Which of the following would NOT enhance absorption of the iron found in supplements?

Which statement about zinc toxicity is FALSE?

Which of the following groups is at risk for zinc deficiency in the United States?

Which of the following is a true statement about iron requirements?

Iron is a component of the protein,______ that binds and transports oxygen in the bloodstream.

The trace minerals are difficult to study in humans because:

Iron stores that are higher than normal but not at a toxic level may be associated with:

Lack of which trace element is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide?

Which of the following is a copper-containing plasma protein that converts iron to a form that can be transported and stored?