Question 1

Individuals with low self-esteem are more susceptible to external influence than are people with high self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with low self-esteem may have a greater need for external validation and may be more likely to conform to the opinions or behaviors of others in order to gain acceptance and avoid rejection. People with high self-esteem may be more confident in their own beliefs and less influenced by external factors.

Question 2

Underestimating the influence of external factors and overestimating the influence of internal factors when making judgments about others is known as the ________.

Accepted Answer

The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal factors (such as personality, beliefs, and attitudes) rather than external factors (such as situation or context). This is a common cognitive bias that leads us to underestimate the impact of external factors and overestimate the role of internal factors. The other options (self-serving bias, locus of control error, and halo effect) refer to different cognitive biases or concepts.

Question 3

Bridget prefers rule-regulated,orderly,and unambiguous activities.She doesn't have a lot of imagination but could be described as conforming and efficient.Which of the following describes Bridget's personality?

Accepted Answer

Bridget's preferences for rule-regulated, orderly, and unambiguous activities suggest a desire for conventionality and structure, making option D (conventional) the best choice. Antisocial doesn't fit as there is no indication of a lack of concern for others or disregard for social norms. Dull doesn't fit either as the statement offers no indication that Bridget is boring or tedious. While conservative could be a possibility, it doesn't fully capture Bridget's need for structure and orderliness.

Question 4

Extraversion is the degree to which someone is sociable,talkative,assertive,and comfortable in relationships with others.

Accepted Answer

Extraversion is defined as the degree to which someone is outgoing, assertive, talkative, and sociable in their interactions with others.

Question 5

In the Big Five Model,emotional security was found to be positively related to job performance.

Accepted Answer

In the Big Five Model, emotional stability (not emotional security) is the trait that is considered, and it has been found to be positively related to job performance. Emotional stability refers to a person's ability to remain calm and secure, especially in stressful situations.

Question 6

Describe the Big Five Model.List and discuss the five personality traits that are based on the Big Five Model of personality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the Big Five Model.List and discuss...

Question 7

If everyone who's faced with a similar situation responds in the same way,we can say the behavior shows ________.

Accepted Answer

If everyone who's faced with a similar situation responds in the same way, we can say that there is consensus in their behavior. This means that there is a general agreement among individuals in the given situation, which is indicative of a social norm or commonly accepted behavior for that situation. Reliability refers to the consistency of an observation or measure, whereas consistency is related to the stability of an individual's behavior over time. Internal attribution refers to the tendency to explain others' behavior in terms of their personal characteristics, rather than external circumstances.

Question 8

High self-monitors can't adjust their behavior and there's high behavioral consistency between who they are and what they do.

Accepted Answer

High self-monitors are actually very good at adjusting their behavior to fit different social situations and contexts. They are skilled at reading social cues and adapting their behavior accordingly, which can result in lower behavioral consistency between who they are and what they do.

Question 9

People say she will be late for her own funeral.It doesn't matter whether it's a team meeting or a meeting with her son's teacher,Malinda will be late.But she always has a plausible reason,one that is never her fault.Malinda's behavior shows ________.

Accepted Answer

Malinda's behavior of always being late for any kind of meeting shows low distinctiveness, as she is consistently displaying the same behavior in different situations. This behavior is not unique to a specific circumstance.

Question 10

There is enough evidence to support the validity of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as a measure of personality.

Accepted Answer

The validity of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as a measure of personality has been challenged by some researchers and criticized for lacking scientific evidence. While it may have some practical applications, it should not be relied on as the sole measure of personality.

Question 11

________ is the tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors such as ability or effort while putting the blame for personal failure on external factors such as luck.

Accepted Answer

This concept is known as the self-serving bias, where individuals tend to make internal attributions for successful outcomes and external attributions for unsuccessful outcomes. This serves to protect and enhance one's self-esteem by maintaining the belief that one is capable and competent.

Question 12

Holland's theory proposes that satisfaction is highest and turnover lowest when ________.

Accepted Answer

Holland's theory of vocational choice proposes that job satisfaction and low turnover are achieved when an individual's personality and occupational environment are compatible. Therefore, the correct answer is C - personality and occupation are compatible.

Question 13

A person who rates as being high in Machiavellianism would use any means to accomplish a task.

Accepted Answer

Machiavellianism is a personality trait characterized by the use of manipulation, deceit, and other unethical methods to achieve goals. Therefore, a person high in Machiavellianism would use any means necessary to accomplish a task.

Question 14

In a short essay,list and discuss five personality traits (not the Big Five)that have proven to be powerful in explaining individual behavior in organizations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a short essay,list and discuss five...

Question 15

________ theory explains how we judge people differently depending on what meaning we ascribe to a given behavior.

Accepted Answer

Attribution theory explains how we make judgments about the causes of people's behavior and how those judgments affect our attitudes and behavior towards them. It suggests that we make attributions based on two types of information - dispositional (internal) and situational (external) causes. This theory helps us understand how different people can perceive the same behavior in different ways and how this can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts.

Question 16

________ is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory impressions to give meaning to the environment.

Accepted Answer

Perception is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory impressions to give meaning to the environment. It involves taking in information through our senses and then making sense of it based on our past experiences and knowledge. Perception plays a crucial role in how we interpret and respond to the world around us.

Question 17

The ability to sense how others are feeling is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

Empathy is the ability to sense or understand other people's emotions, feelings, and perspectives. It involves being able to put oneself in someone else's shoes and see things from their point of view. Agreeableness is a personality trait characterized by being cooperative, warm, and friendly. Sympathy is feeling sorry for someone or expressing pity towards them. Relationship management is the ability to build and maintain relationships with others.

Question 18

What is a key point of Holland's theory?

Accepted Answer

Holland's theory states that people will be more satisfied and successful in work environments that are compatible with their personality types.

Question 19

People in the accounting department generally arrive 15 minutes early.So does Valerie,who is late today.This situation shows ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of People in the accounting department generally arrive...

Question 20

"He could do it if he wanted to.He just doesn't like that part of his job,that's all." A statement like this from a supervisor indicates ________.

Accepted Answer

The statement indicates a fundamental attribution error where the supervisor is attributing the employee's reluctance to one specific task as a personal trait rather than considering external factors that may be influencing their behavior.

Quiz 15: Understanding and Managing Individual Behavior