Question 1

If you are afraid or angry at the time of an event,you may remember that event best when you are once again in the same emotional state.This phenomenon is called
A)state-dependent memory.
B)recovered memory.
C)mood-congruent memory.
D)déjà vu.

Accepted Answer

State-dependent memory refers to the phenomenon where memories are better recalled when an individual is in the same emotional or physiological state as when the memories were formed. In this case, fear and anger are emotional states that could trigger state-dependent memory. Option B (recovered memory) refers to the controversial theory that individuals can suddenly recover long-forgotten memories, which is not relevant to the scenario provided. Option C (mood-congruent memory) refers to where an individual's mood at the time of learning is similar to the mood at the time of recall, which is similar to state-dependent memory but is more specifically tied to mood. Option D (déjà vu) refers to the feeling of having experienced something before, even though it is the first time encountering it. It is not related to memory retrieval based on the emotional state.

Question 2

What kind of forgetting does the following incident illustrate? Ruth studied the names of learning theorists for her psychology class,after which she began studying the names of political theorists for her political science class.Much to her frustration,she found the names of the learning theorists were keeping her from being able to learn the names of the political theorists.
A)decay
B)proactive interference
C)repression
D)retroactive interference

Accepted Answer

The answer of What kind of forgetting does the following...

Question 3

If you are trying to retrieve a memory,you will be better able to do so if
A)you find a practitioner with experience in the hypnotic recovery of memory.
B)you wait until your emotional arousal is neither high nor low.
C)your current mood matches the mood you were in during the original experience.
D)you were relaxed when you encoded the information.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that our ability to retrieve memories is enhanced when our current mood matches the mood we were in during the original experience. This is known as mood congruence. Therefore, if you are trying to retrieve a memory, you will be better able to do so if your current mood is similar to the mood you were in when you encoded the information.

Question 4

Retrieval cues
A)are important in helping us remember items stored in long-term memory.
B)are aids in rote rehearsal in short-term memory.
C)can be helpful in both long- and short-term memory.
D)have been recently shown to be inefficient in accessing available information in memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Retrieval cues
A)are important in helping us remember...

Question 5

Tim is studying for a test.After seven consecutive hours of studying,he finds he can remember what he just finished studying,but he can no longer remember what he studied five or six hours ago.Tim's memory problems are BEST explained by
A)proactive interference.
B)retrograde amnesia.
C)memory diffusion.
D)retroactive interference.

Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference occurs when new learning disrupts the ability to recall old information. In this case, Tim's recent study material is interfering with his ability to remember material he studied 5-6 hours ago.

Question 6

Mood-congruent and state-dependent memories are examples of
A)encoding strategies.
B)use of cues in retrieval.
C)interference effects.
D)elaborative encoding.

Accepted Answer

Mood-congruent and state-dependent memories both involve the use of cues in retrieval. Mood-congruent memories are those that are easier to retrieve when a person's current mood matches the mood that was experienced when the memory was encoded. State-dependent memories are those that are easier to retrieve when a person's physiological or emotional state matches the state that was experienced when the memory was encoded. Both types of memories rely on cues to trigger retrieval.

Question 7

Our authors suggest that in long-term memory,_______________ may be the most common type of memory failure.
A)proactive interference
B)cue-dependent forgetting
C)retroactive interference
D)state-dependent retrieval

Accepted Answer

Cue-dependent forgetting, also known as retrieval failure, occurs when the information in long-term memory cannot be accessed or retrieved due to a lack of appropriate cues or prompts. This is a common type of memory failure that occurs in everyday situations, such as forgetting to bring something with you when leaving the house because you didn't have a reminder or cue to help you remember. Proactive interference and retroactive interference are also types of memory failure, but they occur due to interference from previously learned information or newly learned information, respectively. State-dependent retrieval refers to the phenomenon in which memory retrieval is enhanced by being in the same internal state (e.g., sober or intoxicated) as when the memory was encoded.

Question 8

__________ forgetting occurs due to the inability to retrieve information stored in memory because of insufficient items of information that can help us find the specific information in memory that we are looking for.
A)Replacement
B)Retroactive interference
C)Cue-dependent
D)Proactive interference

Accepted Answer

Cue-dependent forgetting occurs when we are unable to retrieve stored information in memory due to the lack of sufficient cues or pieces of information that can help us find the specific information we are looking for.

Question 9

_______________ is defined as forgetting that occurs when previously stored material interferes with the ability to remember similar,more recently stored,material.
A)Cue-dependent forgetting
B)Proactive interference
C)Decay
D)Retroactive interference

Accepted Answer

Proactive interference occurs when previously stored information interferes with the ability to remember similar, more recently stored material. This can happen when older memories are more strongly ingrained and therefore more easily accessed, making it more difficult to retrieve newer memories.

Question 10

According to __________ theory,you have a tendency to remember something when you are in the same physical or mental state as you were during the original learning or experience.
A)replacement
B)interference
C)decay
D)state-dependent memory

Accepted Answer

State-dependent memory theory suggests that individuals are more likely to remember something if they are in the same physical or mental state as they were during the original learning or experience. This is because the context helps cue or trigger the memory.

Question 11

The theory of forgetting that is most closely compared to rerecording on an audiotape or videotape and wiping out the original material is
A)replacement.
B)interference.
C)cue-dependent.
D)decay.

Accepted Answer

The replacement theory of forgetting suggests that new information can overwrite or replace old information, similar to rerecording over existing material on a tape.

Question 12

Harry and Sally dated for five years and broke up three weeks ago.Sally went on a date last evening with Ian.While on her date with Ian,she kept forgetting his name and accidentally called him Harry several times.This is an example of
A)retroactive interference.
B)proactive interference.
C)decay.
D)cue-dependent forgetting.

Accepted Answer

Proactive interference occurs when old memories interfere with the recall of new information. In this case, Sally's memory of Harry is interfering with her ability to remember Ian's name.

Question 13

__________ is defined as forgetting that occurs when recently learned material interferes with the ability to remember old information.
A)Replacement
B)Retroactive interference
C)Cue-dependent
D)Proactive interference

Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference is when recently learned information interferes with the ability to remember old information. This is different from proactive interference, which occurs when old information interferes with the ability to remember recently learned material. Cue-dependent forgetting occurs when the proper cues or prompts are not available to access stored memories. Replacement is not a term commonly used in memory research.

Question 14

According to the _______________ theory of forgetting,information in memory eventually disappears if it is not accessed.
A)replacement
B)interference
C)cue-dependent
D)decay

Accepted Answer

The decay theory of forgetting suggests that if information in memory is not accessed or used, it will eventually fade away or decay over time. This theory is based on the idea that memory is like a physical trace that gradually fades away unless it is used or retrieved.

Question 15

"Use it or lose it" would most likely be associated with
A)decay theory.
B)replacement theory.
C)cue-dependent forgetting.
D)interference theory.

Accepted Answer

"Use it or lose it" is a principle consistent with the decay theory of forgetting, which suggests that memories fade or decay over time if they are not used or reinforced.

Question 16

According to the _______________ theory of forgetting,information may get into memory,but it becomes confused with other information.
A)replacement
B)interference
C)cue-dependent
D)decay

Accepted Answer

The interference theory of forgetting suggests that new memories interfere with the retrieval of old memories, and vice versa. This interference can lead to confusion and forgetting of previously learned information. The other options (replacement, cue-dependent, and decay) do not address this specific form of confusion and interference in memory.

Question 17

Déjà vu may occur when
A)cues in the present context overlap with those from the past so there is an eerie experience of having been there before.
B)a lack of retrieval cues prevents our ability to recall the time and the details of the last time we have been in that location.
C)a memory is encoded during a peak of high emotion and then forgotten until the emotional arousal is once again high.
D)repressed information threatens to enter consciousness when cues in the present activate unconscious memories.

Accepted Answer

Déjà vu occurs when our current situation triggers an overlap of cues from previous experiences, leading to a feeling of familiarity or the eerie sensation of having been there before. This happens because the brain is trying to match the current situation to a past experience, causing a sense of familiarity that may not be entirely accurate.

Question 18

The theory that states that we forget information because other information gets in the way is the ______________ theory.
A)signal detection
B)trace decay
C)interference
D)inhibition

Accepted Answer

The interference theory suggests that forgetting occurs when information that is similar to the target information gets in the way and confuses recall. This interference can either be proactive (old information interferes with new) or retroactive (new information interferes with old).

Question 19

Zeke finds that he performs better on the exams that are given in his regular psychology classroom than he does in the large lecture room that is used to give midterms and finals to several sections at once.Zeke's experience illustrates the
A)importance of state-dependent memory.
B)role of proactive interference.
C)role of retroactive interference.
D)importance of retrieval cues in memory.

Accepted Answer

Zeke's experience suggests that his memory is aided by the environmental cues present in his regular psychology classroom, which are absent in the larger lecture room. Therefore, his better performance is likely due to the importance of retrieval cues in memory.

Question 20

According to the _______________ theory of forgetting,one's original perception can be erased by new and misleading information.
A)replacement
B)interference
C)cue-dependent
D)decay

Accepted Answer

The replacement theory of forgetting suggests that new and misleading information can overwrite or replace the original memory, leading to forgetting.

Quiz 8: Memory

If you are afraid or angry at the time of an event,you may remember that event best when you are once again in the same emotional state.This phenomenon is called

If you are trying to retrieve a memory,you will be better able to do so if

Retrieval cues

Tim is studying for a test.After seven consecutive hours of studying,he finds he can remember what he just finished studying,but he can no longer remember what he studied five or six hours ago.Tim's memory problems are BEST explained by

Mood-congruent and state-dependent memories are examples of

Our authors suggest that in long-term memory,_______________ may be the most common type of memory failure.

__________ forgetting occurs due to the inability to retrieve information stored in memory because of insufficient items of information that can help us find the specific information in memory that we are looking for.

_______________ is defined as forgetting that occurs when previously stored material interferes with the ability to remember similar,more recently stored,material.

According to __________ theory,you have a tendency to remember something when you are in the same physical or mental state as you were during the original learning or experience.

The theory of forgetting that is most closely compared to rerecording on an audiotape or videotape and wiping out the original material is

Harry and Sally dated for five years and broke up three weeks ago.Sally went on a date last evening with Ian.While on her date with Ian,she kept forgetting his name and accidentally called him Harry several times.This is an example of

__________ is defined as forgetting that occurs when recently learned material interferes with the ability to remember old information.

According to the _______________ theory of forgetting,information in memory eventually disappears if it is not accessed.

"Use it or lose it" would most likely be associated with

According to the _______________ theory of forgetting,information may get into memory,but it becomes confused with other information.

Déjà vu may occur when

The theory that states that we forget information because other information gets in the way is the ______________ theory.

Zeke finds that he performs better on the exams that are given in his regular psychology classroom than he does in the large lecture room that is used to give midterms and finals to several sections at once.Zeke's experience illustrates the

According to the _______________ theory of forgetting,one's original perception can be erased by new and misleading information.