Question 1

Jason and Julia arrive home from school and are trying to decide whether or NOT they should have a cookie.Jason says,"Mom didn't give us permission and we might get caught." Julie responds "I think it will be OK as long as we don't make a mess,because we are still three hours from dinnertime." Jason is at the ___ stage of moral reasoning,and Julia is at the ___ stage.
A) preconventional; preconventional
B) conventional; conventional
C) conventional; preconventional
D) preconventional; conventional

Accepted Answer

Jason is at the preconventional stage of moral reasoning because he is only considering the external consequences of his actions (getting caught), while Julia is at the conventional stage because she is taking into account the social norms and expectations (not making a mess, waiting for dinner). The fact that they are at different stages indicates that they have different levels of moral development. Therefore, the best choice is D, which acknowledges that Jason is at a lower stage than Julia.

Question 2

If Wayne is showing signs of the personal fable,which of the following statements could he have uttered?
A) "Why is everyone staring at me all the time?"
B) "No one knows what I'm feeling."
C) "Bad things don't happen to me, they happen to other people."
D) "I feel like I'm being scrutinized."

Accepted Answer

The answer of If Wayne is showing signs of the...

Question 3

Which of the following individuals is demonstrating the imaginary audience?
A) Ben, who doesn't think his parents understand how in love he is with his girlfriend
B) Jen, who drinks and drives thinking that she won't get caught
C) Glen, who is very self-conscious and thinks that everyone is scrutinizing him all the time
D) Len, who dances with his hands in the air like he just doesn't care

Accepted Answer

Glen is demonstrating the imaginary audience, which is the belief that everyone is constantly watching and judging them.

Question 4

Francesca is with her friends and thinks it would be funny to steal the stop sign and watch all the people zoom through the dangerous intersection.What part of Francesca's brain needs to develop some more for her to be able to consider the consequences of her decisions?
A) the visual cortex
B) the parietal lobe
C) the amygdala
D) the prefrontal cortex

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is responsible for decision-making, impulse control, and considering the consequences of actions. Francesca's desire to engage in risky behavior without considering potential harm suggests that her prefrontal cortex may still be developing.

Question 5

Why do teenagers tend to show impulsive behaviour and lack of attention to the outcome of their actions?
A) They just live in the moment.
B) They just do whatever their peers are doing.
C) It is part of experimenting and learning from the environment.
D) They lack a fully functional prefrontal cortex.

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for decision-making, impulse control, and understanding consequences, undergoes significant development during adolescence. As a result, teenagers may exhibit more impulsive behavior and lack of consideration for the outcomes of their actions.

Question 6

Christina wants to get a good grade on her exams so that she can get into university.She is deciding whether to cheat and look at a classmate's paper,but she decides NOT to because she would rather earn her results honestly.Which stage of moral development is Christina at?
A) conventional
B) postconventional
C) preconventional
D) It is impossible to specify the level based on the information given.

Accepted Answer

Christina's decision to choose the honest route despite the temptation to cheat indicates that she values ethical principles and is motivated by a sense of duty, rather than external consequences or social norms. This aligns with the postconventional stage of moral development, where individuals internalize their own ethical standards and evaluate actions based on whether they meet universal principles and values.

Question 7

In which stage of moral development would Kohlberg argue that the person is behaving in a way that centres around what they can get away with?
A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) postconventional
D) unconventional

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's preconventional stage of moral development is characterized by a focus on self-interest and a concern for avoiding punishment. The person in this stage is primarily motivated by what they can get away with and avoiding negative consequences for their actions.

Question 8

What causes adolescents to act impulsively and fail to consider the consequences of their actions?
A) They just live in the moment.
B) They just do whatever their peers are doing.
C) It is part of experimenting and learning from the environment.
D) They lack a fully functional prefrontal cortex.

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is responsible for decision-making and impulse control, and it does not fully mature until the mid-20s. Therefore, adolescents may act impulsively and fail to consider the consequences of their actions due to the underdevelopment of their prefrontal cortex.

Question 9

Wesley is with his friends and thinks it would be fun to throw a brick through the police station window and then run.What part of Wesley's brain needs further development in order for him to make better decisions about the future?
A) the visual cortex
B) the parietal lobe
C) the amygdala
D) the prefrontal cortex

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is responsible for decision-making, inhibiting impulses, and considering consequences. Wesley needs further development in this area in order to make better decisions about the future.

Question 10

It's three o'clock in the morning and you pull up to a red light.You decide about whether to go through the light.Which of the following pairs are correctly matched?
A) No, I don't want a ticket: preconventional.
B) No, I might startle another driver: preconventional.
C) Yes, lights are there to regulate traffic, but there is no traffic: postconventional.
D) Yes, I'm tired and I want to go home: postconventional.

Accepted Answer

C  A) is preconventional because it focuses on avoiding punishment. C) is postconventional because it considers the broader principles of traffic regulation and the context.

Question 11

Patricia's grandmother gave her a sweater for her birthday that Patricia really does NOT like.Although she has managed to avoid wearing it,now her mother is pushing her to wear it to school."But,Mom! Everyone will laugh!" responds Patricia.Patricia's outburst illustrates Elkind's concept of the ___.
A) personal fable
B) imaginary audience
C) illusion of vulnerability
D) adolescent identity deficit

Accepted Answer

Elkind's concept of the imaginary audience refers to the belief that adolescence are convinced that they are constantly being watched and judged by others, leading them to be very self-conscious and sensitive to the opinions of others. Patricia's concern that everyone will be laughing at her if she wears the disliked sweater to school demonstrates this concept.

Question 12

Which of the following individuals is demonstrating the imaginary audience?
A) Sean, who steals from stores thinking that he won't get caught
B) John, who doesn't believe his parents ever felt the depth of love that he feels for his girlfriend
C) Don, who feels like people stare at him all the time and it makes him very self-conscious
D) Ron, who dances with his hands in the air like he just doesn't care

Accepted Answer

Don is demonstrating the imaginary audience by feeling like people are constantly watching and judging him, making him self-conscious.

Question 13

Tiffany is 15.She estimates that by the time she is 30,she will discover a new invention,and become a millionaire.Which of the following best describes what reason Elkind would give for Tiffany's belief?
A) Tiffany's prefrontal cortex is going through a process of synaptic pruning.
B) Tiffany is experiencing the concept of the imaginary audience.
C) Tiffany is experiencing the concept of the personal fable.
D) Tiffany is going through the stage of formal operations.

Accepted Answer

Tiffany's belief that she will discover a new invention and become a millionaire is an example of the personal fable concept. The personal fable is a cognitive distortion that occurs during adolescence, where individuals believe that they are unique and exceptional, and that their experiences and feelings are not understood by others. This can lead them to believe that they are invincible and can achieve anything they want. Hence, Tiffany's belief that she will become a millionaire through her invention is an example of the personal fable.

Question 14

Which feature of adolescent egocentrism leads the teenager to feel like they're under a microscope being carefully examined and inspected by everyone around them?
A) personal fable
B) feelings of uniqueness
C) imaginary audience
D) belief of invincibility

Accepted Answer

The imaginary audience is a feature of adolescent egocentrism wherein the teenager feels like they are constantly being watched or scrutinized by others. They may believe that they are always "on stage" and that their every move is being carefully examined by those around them. This can lead them to feel self-conscious and overly concerned with how they are perceived by others.

Question 15

If Frank is showing signs of the personal fable,which of the following statements could he have said?
A) "I feel like I'm under a microscope."
B) "No one understands what I'm feeling."
C) "I'm not worried that bad things will happen to me."
D) "Why are people looking at me at all the time?"

Accepted Answer

The answer of If Frank is showing signs of the...

Question 16

What researcher expanded the theories of Piaget to focus on moral development?
A) Gilligan
B) Lorenz
C) Kohlberg
D) Skinner

Accepted Answer

Lawrence Kohlberg expanded on Piaget's theories of cognitive development to focus on moral development, proposing six stages of moral reasoning that individuals progress through as they develop.

Question 17

According to Kohlberg,moral development is related to cognitive development primarily because
A) it develops along the same track as intelligence.
B) developing more complex moral development is related to understanding other peoples' point of view.
C) the development of both occurs at different paces across diverse cultures.
D) it is the result of a sensitive period of learning.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg proposed that moral development is related to cognitive development because developing more complex moral reasoning requires the ability to understand and take into account other people's perspectives, which is a cognitive skill. As individuals progress through the stages of cognitive development, they are better able to understand the complexities of moral issues and make more advanced moral judgments.

Question 18

Which feature of adolescent egocentrism causes the teenager to feel like they're on stage and that everyone is scrutinizing them all the time?
A) personal fable
B) feelings of uniqueness
C) imaginary audience
D) belief of invincibility

Accepted Answer

The feature of adolescent egocentrism that causes the teenager to feel like they're on stage and that everyone is scrutinizing them all the time is the imaginary audience. Adolescents think that everyone is watching and judging them as closely as an audience would watch and judge a performer on stage. This can lead them to feel self-conscious and anxious about their appearance and behavior.

Question 19

The prefrontal cortex is responsible,in part,for judgment and decision making.At what point is development of this important brain region complete?
A) between the ages of 12 to 16
B) mid- to late-teens
C) early to mid-twenties
D) end of the preschool period around ages 4 - 5

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex continues to develop throughout adolescence and into the early to mid-twenties, with some studies suggesting that it may not fully mature until the age of 25. Therefore, choice C is the best answer. Choices A and B are too early, and choice D is too early and not a plausible developmental timeline for the prefrontal cortex.

Question 20

In which stage of moral development would Kohlberg argue that the person is behaving in a way that avoids others' disapproval and ensures that they conform to the rules of society?
A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) postconventional
D) unconventional

Accepted Answer

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, in the conventional stage, individuals are concerned with maintaining social order and relationships. They follow the rules and conventions of their society to avoid disapproval and maintain social harmony. In this stage, individuals strive to maintain the expectations of family, peers, and society. Therefore, the behavior described in the question is most likely to be found in the conventional stage of moral development.

Quiz 4: Human Development

If Wayne is showing signs of the personal fable,which of the following statements could he have uttered?

Which of the following individuals is demonstrating the imaginary audience?

Francesca is with her friends and thinks it would be funny to steal the stop sign and watch all the people zoom through the dangerous intersection.What part of Francesca's brain needs to develop some more for her to be able to consider the consequences of her decisions?

Why do teenagers tend to show impulsive behaviour and lack of attention to the outcome of their actions?

Christina wants to get a good grade on her exams so that she can get into university.She is deciding whether to cheat and look at a classmate's paper,but she decides NOT to because she would rather earn her results honestly.Which stage of moral development is Christina at?

In which stage of moral development would Kohlberg argue that the person is behaving in a way that centres around what they can get away with?

What causes adolescents to act impulsively and fail to consider the consequences of their actions?

Wesley is with his friends and thinks it would be fun to throw a brick through the police station window and then run.What part of Wesley's brain needs further development in order for him to make better decisions about the future?

It's three o'clock in the morning and you pull up to a red light.You decide about whether to go through the light.Which of the following pairs are correctly matched?

Which of the following individuals is demonstrating the imaginary audience?

Tiffany is 15.She estimates that by the time she is 30,she will discover a new invention,and become a millionaire.Which of the following best describes what reason Elkind would give for Tiffany's belief?

Which feature of adolescent egocentrism leads the teenager to feel like they're under a microscope being carefully examined and inspected by everyone around them?

If Frank is showing signs of the personal fable,which of the following statements could he have said?

What researcher expanded the theories of Piaget to focus on moral development?

According to Kohlberg,moral development is related to cognitive development primarily because

Which feature of adolescent egocentrism causes the teenager to feel like they're on stage and that everyone is scrutinizing them all the time?

The prefrontal cortex is responsible,in part,for judgment and decision making.At what point is development of this important brain region complete?

In which stage of moral development would Kohlberg argue that the person is behaving in a way that avoids others' disapproval and ensures that they conform to the rules of society?