Question 1

Which of the following is a concern related to U.S. high school education?
A) high expectations for success
B) high standards for learning
C) fostering of passivity in students
D) too much variety in the pathways students can take

Accepted Answer

The concern related to U.S. high school education is the fostering of passivity in students. Many argue that the current system prioritizes obedience and following the rules over critical thinking and creativity, leading to students becoming passive learners rather than active ones.

Question 2

Which famous theorist, in 1904, proposed that adolescence is a turbulent time of "storm-and-stress"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which famous theorist, in 1904, proposed that...

Question 3

In the context of cognitive control, having confidence in one's ability to adapt one's thinking to a particular situation is an aspect of ________.
A) adolescent egocentrism
B) self-efficacy
C) service learning
D) the top-dog phenomenon

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their own ability to complete a task or solve a problem. In the context of cognitive control, having confidence in one's ability to adapt their thinking to a particular situation requires a certain level of self-efficacy. Option A (adolescent egocentrism) refers to a cognitive limitation during adolescence where individuals struggle to see things from others' perspectives. Option C (service learning) refers to educational programs that combine academic learning with community service to promote civic engagement. Option D (the top-dog phenomenon) refers to the transition from being the oldest and most experienced in a school or grade level to being the youngest and least experienced in the next level, which can lead to a decline in academic performance for some students.

Question 4

Identify a true statement about service learning.
A) It becomes ineffective when students are given some degree of choice in the service activities in which they participate.
B) It aims at making adolescents more self-centered.
C) It is effective when it provides students opportunities to reflect about their participation.
D) It limits the amount of time students spend volunteering.

Accepted Answer

Service learning is most effective when it provides students opportunities to reflect on their participation. Reflection helps students connect their service experiences to their academic learning, personal values, and goals. It helps them develop a deeper understanding of the social issues they are addressing, and it also helps them identify areas for growth and improvement in their service work. Providing choice in service activities actually increases engagement and investment in the experience, rather than making students more self-centered. Limiting the amount of time spent volunteering would be counterproductive to the goals of service learning.

Question 5

Which of the following is a school-related reason for leaving school?
A) poor economic condition
B) pregnancy
C) being expelled
D) marriage

Accepted Answer

Being expelled is a school-related reason for leaving school, as it involves the student being forced to leave due to a violation of school rules or policies. Poor economic condition, pregnancy, and marriage may all contribute to a student leaving school, but they are not necessarily directly related to the school itself.

Question 6

George wants to ensure that his sons become competent decision makers. Which of the following is a strategy you would suggest for improving their decision making?
A) Provide more opportunities for them to engage in role playing and peer group problem solving.
B) Encourage the presence of peers in risk-taking situations.
C) Supply contexts where substances and other temptations are readily available, testing their willingness to make risky decisions.
D) Keep them in a sequestered environment where they will not have to face decision making in real-world contexts.

Accepted Answer

Providing more opportunities for role playing and peer group problem solving will allow George's sons to practice decision making in a safe and supportive environment, increasing their competence in the skill. Encouraging the presence of peers in risky situations or supplying readily available temptations would not promote competent decision making and could potentially be harmful. Keeping them in a sequestered environment would limit their opportunities to practice decision making in real-world contexts.

Question 7

If ________ are not developed during childhood, critical-thinking skills are unlikely to mature in adolescence.
A) moral values
B) hypothetical-deductive reasoning skills
C) formal operational skills
D) fundamental skills

Accepted Answer

The answer of If ________ are not developed during childhood,...

Question 8

Which of the following terms refers to being aware of the options and alternatives that are available and adapting to the situation?
A) self-concept
B) hypothetical-deductive reasoning
C) cognitive flexibility
D) disequilibrium

Accepted Answer

Cognitive flexibility refers to the ability to adapt to changing situations and to be aware of alternative options. It involves the ability to switch between different tasks, perspectives, and strategies. Self-concept refers to a person's overall sense of identity and self-worth. Hypothetical-deductive reasoning refers to the ability to generate and test hypotheses about the world. Disequilibrium refers to a state of cognitive inconsistency, where an individual experiences a conflict between their existing beliefs and new information or experiences.

Question 9

________ learning is a form of education that promotes social responsibility and service to the community.
A) Service
B) Social
C) Collaborative
D) Cooperative

Accepted Answer

Service learning specifically emphasizes community service and encourages students to apply what they have learned in real-life situations to benefit others. While social, collaborative, and cooperative learning may involve working together and building relationships with others, service learning has a specific focus on serving the community.

Question 10

Identify the theorist who suggested that adolescent egocentrism is characterized by "the imaginary audience" and the "personal fable."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the theorist who suggested that adolescent...

Question 11

A dropout prevention program functions by "adopting" entire grades from public elementary schools, or corresponding age cohorts from public housing developments. These children are then provided with a program of academic, social, cultural, and recreational activities throughout their elementary, middle school, and high school years. Identify this program.
A) Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation program
B) The Growing Together program
C) "I Have a Dream" (IHAD) program
D) The Teen Outreach Program (TOP)

Accepted Answer

The "I Have a Dream" (IHAD) program is a dropout prevention program that adopts entire grades or age cohorts and provides them with a program of academic, social, cultural, and recreational activities throughout their elementary, middle school, and high school years. The program aims to help low-income students stay in school and achieve their educational and career goals.

Question 12

When Diana transitioned from elementary school to middle school, she moved from being one of the oldest, biggest, and most powerful students in the elementary school to being one of the youngest, smallest, and least powerful students in the middle school. This phenomenon is known as the
A) blindsight phenomenon.
B) top-dog phenomenon.
C) domino effect.
D) glass-ceiling effect.

Accepted Answer

The top-dog phenomenon refers to the shift in status and power that occurs when students transition from being at the top of the social hierarchy in elementary school to the bottom of the hierarchy in middle school. This can create stress and adjustment difficulties for students, as they struggle to navigate the new social dynamics of the middle school environment.

Question 13

The Carnegie Corporation evaluated U.S. middle schools and recommended that
A) smaller "communities" or "houses" should be developed to lessen the impersonal nature of large middle schools.
B) schools should increase the use of technology, computers, and skills that will be needed in the 21st century.
C) schools should add more grade levels to encompass a wider age range to reflect differences in adolescent development.
D) middle schools should be integrated with high schools so that younger adolescents can take advantage of having older adolescents as role models.

Accepted Answer

The Carnegie Corporation recommended creating smaller "communities" or "houses" within middle schools to lessen the impersonal nature of large middle schools. This would help create a more personal and supportive environment for middle school students. While the other options may also be beneficial, they were not specifically recommended by the Carnegie Corporation in regards to middle school education.

Question 14

"I know I can handle the car at high speeds much better than others can," says 18-year-old Jake. This reflects the tendency of adolescents to engage in the ________ aspect of adolescent egocentrism.
A) personal fable
B) collective myth
C) imaginary audience
D) perspective taking

Accepted Answer

The statement made by Jake reflects the personal fable aspect of adolescent egocentrism, which refers to the belief that one is unique and invulnerable, and that their experiences and feelings are special and unlike those of others. This can lead to risky behavior and overestimation of one's abilities.

Question 15

Identify a strategy that can help prevent students from dropping out of school.
A) enrolling the students only in a community-based education and reducing parental monitoring
B) providing early intervention for reading problems, tutoring, counseling, and mentoring
C) facilitating and emphasizing peer learning
D) using rotation model for the students in high school

Accepted Answer

Providing early intervention for reading problems, tutoring, counseling, and mentoring has been shown to be an effective strategy for preventing students from dropping out of school. This approach addresses academic and emotional needs of the students, and provides them the necessary support to succeed in school. Option A is not a viable strategy as reducing parental monitoring can increase the risk of dropouts. Option C may be helpful, but may not be as effective without additional interventions. Option D (using rotation model) alone may not be sufficient to address the students' needs to prevent dropouts.

Question 16

Gina, a 15-year-old, needs to assess a risky situation to quickly get the gist of what is happening and glean that the situation is a dangerous context. She is unlikely to benefit from engaging in reflective, detailed, higher-level cognitive analysis about a decision, especially as it is a high-risk, real-world context where she would get bogged down in trivial detail. This kind of decision making is explained by the
A) cognitive model of emotion.
B) fuzzy-trace theory dual-process model.
C) tripartite model.
D) heuristic-systematic persuasion model.

Accepted Answer

The fuzzy-trace theory dual-process model explains how people make decisions in high-risk, real-world contexts. The model proposes that people make decisions through two independent systems: a verbatim system that analyzes detailed information, and a gist system that relies on quick and intuitive processing. In this scenario, Gina needs to quickly get the gist of the situation and assess it as a dangerous context, which aligns with the gist system of decision making. Therefore, the fuzzy-trace theory dual-process model best explains Gina's decision-making process.

Question 17

Identify the theorist who along with her colleagues conducted extensive research on adolescent sleep patterns and found that when given the opportunity, adolescents will sleep an average of 9 hours and 25 minutes a night.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the theorist who along with her...

Question 18

In the last half of the twentieth century and the first several years of the twenty-first century, U.S. high school dropout rates
A) increased
B) declined.
C) remained unchanged.
D) plateaued.

Accepted Answer

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, high school dropout rates in the United States steadily declined from the 1970s to the early 2000s.

Question 19

Which researcher, in 2003, suggested that adolescents have difficulty controlling their emotions because their prefrontal cortex has not yet fully developed?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which researcher, in 2003, suggested that adolescents...

Question 20

The average U.S. high school dropout rates mask some very high dropout rates
A) in high-income areas of the suburbs.
B) among adolescents in the 13- to 15-year age group.
C) among Asian American adolescents.
D) in low-income areas of inner cities.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that high school dropout rates are significantly higher in low-income areas of inner cities, where students often face financial and social barriers to staying in school. In contrast, dropout rates in high-income areas of the suburbs tend to be lower. Dropout rates among Asian American adolescents are generally lower than national averages. While dropout rates may be higher among some age groups, such as 16- to 18-year-olds, there is no evidence to suggest that dropout rates are specifically high among 13- to 15-year-olds.

Quiz 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Which of the following is a concern related to U.S. high school education?

Which famous theorist, in 1904, proposed that adolescence is a turbulent time of "storm-and-stress"?

In the context of cognitive control, having confidence in one's ability to adapt one's thinking to a particular situation is an aspect of ________.

Identify a true statement about service learning.

Which of the following is a school-related reason for leaving school?

George wants to ensure that his sons become competent decision makers. Which of the following is a strategy you would suggest for improving their decision making?

If ________ are not developed during childhood, critical-thinking skills are unlikely to mature in adolescence.

Which of the following terms refers to being aware of the options and alternatives that are available and adapting to the situation?

________ learning is a form of education that promotes social responsibility and service to the community.

Identify the theorist who suggested that adolescent egocentrism is characterized by "the imaginary audience" and the "personal fable."

When Diana transitioned from elementary school to middle school, she moved from being one of the oldest, biggest, and most powerful students in the elementary school to being one of the youngest, smallest, and least powerful students in the middle school. This phenomenon is known as the

The Carnegie Corporation evaluated U.S. middle schools and recommended that

"I know I can handle the car at high speeds much better than others can," says 18-year-old Jake. This reflects the tendency of adolescents to engage in the ________ aspect of adolescent egocentrism.

Identify a strategy that can help prevent students from dropping out of school.

Identify the theorist who along with her colleagues conducted extensive research on adolescent sleep patterns and found that when given the opportunity, adolescents will sleep an average of 9 hours and 25 minutes a night.

In the last half of the twentieth century and the first several years of the twenty-first century, U.S. high school dropout rates

Which researcher, in 2003, suggested that adolescents have difficulty controlling their emotions because their prefrontal cortex has not yet fully developed?

The average U.S. high school dropout rates mask some very high dropout rates