Question 1

Droplet precautions will be instituted for the client admitted to the infectious disease unit with:

Accepted Answer

Droplet precautions are instituted when droplets are larger than 5 micrometers,such as in the case of streptococcal pharyngitis.Contact precautions are instituted for herpes simplex.
Airborne precautions are instituted with pulmonary TB.Airborne precautions are instituted with measles.

Question 2

A client with active tuberculosis is admitted to the medical center.The nurse recognizes that admission of this client to the unit will require the implementation by the staff of:

Accepted Answer

A client with active tuberculosis requires airborne precautions.A client with active tuberculosis does not require droplet precautions,as the droplet nuclei of tuberculosis are smaller than 5 micrometers.Contact precautions are not necessary for the client with active tuberculosis.Reverse isolation is not required for the client with active tuberculosis

Question 3

A nurse is changing the dressing and accidentally drops the packing onto the client's abdomen.The client has a large,deep abdominal incision that is packed with sterile half-inch packing and covered with a dry 4 $\times$ 4 gauze.The nurse should:

Accepted Answer

A sterile object (the packing)remains sterile only when touched by another sterile object.The client's abdomen is not sterile;therefore,the nurse should throw the packing away and prepare a new one.The nurse should not add alcohol to the packing and insert it into the incision.
The packing is considered contaminated as it touched a nonsterile surface and should be discarded.The nurse should not rinse the packing with sterile water and put the packing into the incision as it is considered contaminated.It touched a nonsterile surface.The nurse should throw the packing away and prepare a new one.

Question 4

The nurse is preparing to assist with a sterile procedure in the surgical suite.An appropriate technique that the nurse includes in the surgical scrub is to:

Accepted Answer

A surgical scrub should be maintained for at least 2 to 5 minutes.To avoid contamination during a surgical hand scrub,the nurse holds the hands above the elbows.Several studies suggest that neither a brush nor a sponge is necessary to reduce bacterial counts on the hands,especially when an alcohol-based product is used.For maximum elimination of bacteria,all jewelry should be removed.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a nursing intervention that is implemented to reduce a reservoir of infection for a client?

Accepted Answer

To control or eliminate reservoir sites for infection,the nurse eliminates or controls sources of body fluids,drainage,or solutions that might harbor microorganisms.The nurse also carefully discards articles that become contaminated with infectious material such as in changing soiled dressings.Covering the mouth and nose when sneezing is an intervention to control a portal of exit.Wearing disposable gloves helps protect the susceptible host.Isolating client's articles is an intervention to control transmission.

Question 6

While working with clients in the postoperative period,the nurse is very alert to the results of laboratory tests.Which one of the following results is indicative of an infectious process?

Accepted Answer

An elevated WBC count is indicative of an acute infection.The normal WBC count is 5000 to 10,000/mm³.The normal neutrophil count is 55%-70%.The client is within normal limits at 65%.The normal iron level is 60-90 g/100 mL.The client is within normal limits at 80 g/100 mL.The normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)is up to 15 mm/hr for men and up to 20 mm/hr for women.The client is within normal limits at 15 mm/hr.

Question 7

The nurse recognizes the appropriate procedures for sterile asepsis.Of the following,which action is consistent with sterile asepsis?

Accepted Answer

Before pouring the solution into the container,the nurse pours a small amount (1 to 2 mL)into a disposable cap or plastic-lined waste receptacle.The discarded solution cleans the lip of the bottle.This action is consistent with sterile asepsis.Sterile forceps should be used to move items on a sterile field when using sterile asepsis.Sterile fields should not be prepared well in advance of a sterile procedure.A sterile object or field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to air.Wrapped sterile packages should be opened starting with the flap farthest away from the nurse (i.e. ,the top flap).

Question 8

In preventing and controlling the transmission of infections,the single most important technique is:

Accepted Answer

The most important and most basic technique in preventing and controlling transmission of infections is hand hygiene.Use of disposable gloves may help reduce the transmission of infections,but is not the single most important technique to prevent and control the transmission of infections.The use of isolation precautions is not the single most important technique to prevent and control the transmission of infections.Sterilization of equipment is not the single most important technique to prevent and control the transmission of infections.

Question 9

Surgical aseptic techniques are employed by a nurse when:

Accepted Answer

Surgical asepsis should be used during procedures that require intentional perforation of the client's skin,such as with the insertion of IV catheters.The nurse is employing medical aseptic technique when placing soiled linen in moisture-resistant bags.The nurse is employing medical aseptic technique when disposing of syringes in puncture-proof containers.The nurse is employing medical aseptic technique when washing hands before changing a dressing.

Question 10

The nurse is observing the new staff member work with the client.Of the following activities,which one has the greatest possibility of contributing to a nosocomial infection and requires correction?

Accepted Answer

The staff member who places the Foley catheter bag on the bed when transferring the client is placing the client at risk for a nosocomial infection because urine in the catheter or drainage tube may reenter the bladder (reflux).Washing hands before applying a dressing is a correct action to help prevent a nosocomial infection.Taping a plastic bag to the bed rail for tissue disposal is a correct action to aid the client in proper disposal of secretions.Using alcohol to cleanse the skin before starting an intravenous line is a correct action to prevent a nosocomial infection of the bloodstream.

Question 11

What is the correct order for a nursing assistant for putting on the protective equipment when caring for a client in isolation?

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence for putting on protective equipment is to perform hand hygiene,apply the mask and eyewear,apply gown,and then apply gloves.Apply the mask and eyewear,put on the gown,wash her hands,and then apply gloves;wash her hands,put on the gown,apply the mask and eyewear,and then apply the gloves;put on the gown,apply the mask and eyewear,wash her hands,and then apply gloves are not the correct sequences for putting on protective equipment.

Question 12

A client has requires a mid-abdominal surgical incision which necessitates a sterile dressing.An appropriate intervention for the nurse to implement in maintaining sterile asepsis is to:

Accepted Answer

A sterile object held below a person's waist is considered contaminated.To maintain sterile asepsis,packages that may have been in contact with the area below waist level should be discarded.Sterile gloves are not put on before opening sterile packages as the outside of the packages is not sterile.The nurse uses hand hygiene and opens sterile packages,being careful to keep the inner contents sterile.After a cap or lid is removed,it is held in the hand or placed sterile side (inside)up on a clean surface.A bottle cap or lid should never rest on a sterile surface,even though the inside of the cap is sterile.The edges of a sterile field are considered to be contaminated.Sterile items should be placed in the middle of the sterile field to maintain sterile asepsis.

Question 13

A female client has been undergoing diagnostic testing since admission to the medical unit in the hospital.The results of blood testing are sent back to the unit.Upon reviewing the results,the nurse will report which of the following findings to the physician,which is abnormal?

Accepted Answer

The normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate for women is 20 mm/hr.The client's ESR is 35 mm/hr,indicating the presence of the inflammatory process.The normal WBC count is 5000-10,000/mm³.The client is within normal limits at 8000/mm³.The normal neutrophil count is 55-70%.The client is within normal limits at 65%.The normal iron level is 60-90 g/100 mL.The client is within normal limits at 75 g/100 mL.

Question 14

A nurse must display understanding of the mental implications of a client on isolation precautions when planning care to control the risk of:

Accepted Answer

A sense of loneliness may develop because normal social relationships become disrupted.The nurse should plan care to control the risk of the client feeling isolated.Denial is not a risk related to isolation.Aggression is not a risk for the client on isolation precautions.Regression is not a risk related to isolation.

Question 15

The client has a 6-inch laceration on his right forearm.The arm develops an infection.Which of the following is a sign of an acute inflammatory process?

Accepted Answer

A sign of an acute inflammatory process is pain.The swelling of inflamed tissues increases pressure on nerve endings,causing pain.Chemical substances such as histamine also stimulate nerve endings,adding to the pain response.The skin is not blanched;but rather,with the increase in local blood flow;it is reddened.The symptom of localized warmth results from a greater volume of blood at the inflammatory site.The cellular response of acute inflammation involves WBCs arriving at the site.There is an increase in WBCs,rather than a decrease.

Question 16

A client has a viral infection.Which of the following is typical of the illness stage of the course of her infection?

Accepted Answer

During the illness stage the client manifests signs and symptoms specific to the type of infection.The client with a viral infection would likely exhibit a fever.There are no longer any acute symptoms during the convalescent period.An example of a client in the incubation period is when the client was first exposed to the infection 2 days ago,but has no symptoms.
The client who "feels sick" but is able to continue normal activities is in the prodromal stage of a course of infection.

Question 17

Older adult clients may react differently to infectious processes and a nurse suspects that her older adult client may be experiencing hypostatic pneumonia.The nurse must be alert to atypical signs and symptoms,such as:

Accepted Answer

An infection in older adults may not present with typical signs and symptoms.Atypical symptoms such as confusion,incontinence,or agitation may be the only symptoms of an infectious illness.An unexplained increased heart rate,confusion,or generalized fatigue may be the only symptoms of pneumonia in the older adult.Hypotension is not one of the atypical symptoms of an older adult experiencing infection.It may be a symptom of a systemic infection related to an elevation in body temperature (regardless of age).
Erythema is a typical symptom of a localized infection.
Chills are a typical symptom of a systemic infection.

Question 18

The parent of a preschool child asks the nurse how chickenpox (varicella zoster)is transmitted.The nurse identifies that the virus is:

Accepted Answer

Varicella zoster virus (chickenpox)is transmitted by droplets carried through the air after sneezing or coughing.Varicella zoster virus (chickenpox)is not transmitted by a vector.
Person-to-person contact is not responsible for varicella zoster virus (chickenpox)transmission.
The transmission of varicella zoster virus (chickenpox)does not occur by contact with contaminated objects.

Question 19

The nurse recognizes that special care must be taken in the handling of which of the following to prevent the transmission of hepatitis A?

Accepted Answer

To prevent the transmission of hepatitis A,the nurse needs to take special care when handling feces.Hepatitis B and C may be found in blood.Hepatitis A is not found in saliva.Hepatitis A is not found in vaginal secretions.

Question 20

In a small rural hospital they work with a wide variety of clients.Of this afternoon client's admitted,the nurse acknowledges the client with the highest susceptibility to infection is the individual with:

Accepted Answer

Burn clients have a very high susceptibility to infection because of the damage to skin surfaces.This would be the individual with the highest risk for infection.Victims of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis are susceptible to infection because of general debilitation and nutritional impairment.Diseases that impair body system defenses,such as emphysema and bronchitis (which impair ciliary action and thicken mucus),increase susceptibility to infection.Diseases that impair body system defenses,such as peripheral vascular disease (which reduces blood flow to injured tissues),increase susceptibility to infection.

Quiz 34: Infection Prevention and Control

Droplet precautions will be instituted for the client admitted to the infectious disease unit with:

A client with active tuberculosis is admitted to the medical center.The nurse recognizes that admission of this client to the unit will require the implementation by the staff of:

A nurse is changing the dressing and accidentally drops the packing onto the client's abdomen.The client has a large,deep abdominal incision that is packed with sterile half-inch packing and covered with a dry 4 $\times$ 4 gauze.The nurse should:

The nurse is preparing to assist with a sterile procedure in the surgical suite.An appropriate technique that the nurse includes in the surgical scrub is to:

Which of the following is an example of a nursing intervention that is implemented to reduce a reservoir of infection for a client?

While working with clients in the postoperative period,the nurse is very alert to the results of laboratory tests.Which one of the following results is indicative of an infectious process?

The nurse recognizes the appropriate procedures for sterile asepsis.Of the following,which action is consistent with sterile asepsis?

In preventing and controlling the transmission of infections,the single most important technique is:

Surgical aseptic techniques are employed by a nurse when:

The nurse is observing the new staff member work with the client.Of the following activities,which one has the greatest possibility of contributing to a nosocomial infection and requires correction?

What is the correct order for a nursing assistant for putting on the protective equipment when caring for a client in isolation?

A client has requires a mid-abdominal surgical incision which necessitates a sterile dressing.An appropriate intervention for the nurse to implement in maintaining sterile asepsis is to:

A female client has been undergoing diagnostic testing since admission to the medical unit in the hospital.The results of blood testing are sent back to the unit.Upon reviewing the results,the nurse will report which of the following findings to the physician,which is abnormal?

A nurse must display understanding of the mental implications of a client on isolation precautions when planning care to control the risk of:

The client has a 6-inch laceration on his right forearm.The arm develops an infection.Which of the following is a sign of an acute inflammatory process?

A client has a viral infection.Which of the following is typical of the illness stage of the course of her infection?

Older adult clients may react differently to infectious processes and a nurse suspects that her older adult client may be experiencing hypostatic pneumonia.The nurse must be alert to atypical signs and symptoms,such as:

The parent of a preschool child asks the nurse how chickenpox (varicella zoster) is transmitted.The nurse identifies that the virus is:

The nurse recognizes that special care must be taken in the handling of which of the following to prevent the transmission of hepatitis A?

In a small rural hospital they work with a wide variety of clients.Of this afternoon client's admitted,the nurse acknowledges the client with the highest susceptibility to infection is the individual with:

Quiz 34: Infection Prevention and Control

Droplet precautions will be instituted for the client admitted to the infectious disease unit with:

A client with active tuberculosis is admitted to the medical center.The nurse recognizes that admission of this client to the unit will require the implementation by the staff of:

A nurse is changing the dressing and accidentally drops the packing onto the client's abdomen.The client has a large,deep abdominal incision that is packed with sterile half-inch packing and covered with a dry 4 ×\times× 4 gauze.The nurse should:

The nurse is preparing to assist with a sterile procedure in the surgical suite.An appropriate technique that the nurse includes in the surgical scrub is to:

Which of the following is an example of a nursing intervention that is implemented to reduce a reservoir of infection for a client?

While working with clients in the postoperative period,the nurse is very alert to the results of laboratory tests.Which one of the following results is indicative of an infectious process?

The nurse recognizes the appropriate procedures for sterile asepsis.Of the following,which action is consistent with sterile asepsis?

In preventing and controlling the transmission of infections,the single most important technique is:

Surgical aseptic techniques are employed by a nurse when:

The nurse is observing the new staff member work with the client.Of the following activities,which one has the greatest possibility of contributing to a nosocomial infection and requires correction?

What is the correct order for a nursing assistant for putting on the protective equipment when caring for a client in isolation?

A client has requires a mid-abdominal surgical incision which necessitates a sterile dressing.An appropriate intervention for the nurse to implement in maintaining sterile asepsis is to:

A female client has been undergoing diagnostic testing since admission to the medical unit in the hospital.The results of blood testing are sent back to the unit.Upon reviewing the results,the nurse will report which of the following findings to the physician,which is abnormal?

A nurse must display understanding of the mental implications of a client on isolation precautions when planning care to control the risk of:

The client has a 6-inch laceration on his right forearm.The arm develops an infection.Which of the following is a sign of an acute inflammatory process?

A client has a viral infection.Which of the following is typical of the illness stage of the course of her infection?

Older adult clients may react differently to infectious processes and a nurse suspects that her older adult client may be experiencing hypostatic pneumonia.The nurse must be alert to atypical signs and symptoms,such as:

The parent of a preschool child asks the nurse how chickenpox (varicella zoster) is transmitted.The nurse identifies that the virus is:

The nurse recognizes that special care must be taken in the handling of which of the following to prevent the transmission of hepatitis A?

In a small rural hospital they work with a wide variety of clients.Of this afternoon client's admitted,the nurse acknowledges the client with the highest susceptibility to infection is the individual with:

A nurse is changing the dressing and accidentally drops the packing onto the client's abdomen.The client has a large,deep abdominal incision that is packed with sterile half-inch packing and covered with a dry 4 $\times$ 4 gauze.The nurse should: