Question 1

A main effect hypothesis focuses on the effect of _____independent variable(s)on the _____ variable,ignoring all other independent variables.
A) a single;dependent
B) multiple;dependent
C) a single;moderating
D) multiple;moderating

Accepted Answer

A main effect hypothesis only considers the effect of a single independent variable on the dependent variable, while disregarding any other independent variables or moderators.

Question 2

Interactions are helpful to study because they tend to:
A) mimic controlled laboratory settings.
B) increase ecological validity.
C) increase experimental control.
D) increase internal validity.

Accepted Answer

Interactions are helpful to study because they increase ecological validity, meaning that they reflect real-world experiences and are more applicable to daily life.

Question 3

In a 2 × 2 factorial design how many possible combinations of the independent variables exist?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

A 4 × 3 × 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design includes how many independent variables?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 4 × 3 × 2 ×...

Question 5

Dr.Muma wishes to utilize research confederates in his upcoming studies.Which of the following would be the best reason to include a research confederate in an experiment?
A) without research confederate's administration of the assessments would be unreliable
B) it would increase internal validity
C) it would increase experimental control and therefore standardization
D) it would decrease external validity and generalizability

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr.Muma wishes to utilize research confederates in...

Question 6

A 4 × 3 × 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design includes how many levels in the second independent variable?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Accepted Answer

The second independent variable in the given factorial design has 3 levels, as indicated by the second number in the sequence (4 × 3 × 2 × 2 × 2).

Question 7

Hybrid designs include any factorial design that has at least one _____ variable.
A) moderator
B) quasi-independent
C) quasi-experimental
D) nominal

Accepted Answer

Hybrid designs include at least one quasi-independent variable, which is a variable that cannot be randomly assigned to participants, but rather is chosen based on pre-existing characteristics of the participants (e.g., gender, age, diagnosis).

Question 8

Tonya developed hypothetical scenarios for her sociology course.Her professor asked to use her descriptions of hypothetical dating scenarios for an upcoming experimental study.What would be the best term to describe Tonya's scenarios? _____________ is when the influence of one independent variable on the other reverses across the levels of the other variable.
A) a main effect
B) a hypothesis
C) vignettes
D) a marginal effect

Accepted Answer

Tonya's scenarios are best described as vignettes, which are brief descriptions of hypothetical situations used in experimental studies. The term "main effect" refers to the overall effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable, while "marginal effect" refers to the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable at a specific level of another independent variable. "Hypothesis" refers to a proposed explanation for an observation or phenomenon, rather than a description of hypothetical scenarios.

Question 9

Dr.Tezin wants to focus on only one independent variable at a time,and ignore the effects of all other independent variables in her upcoming study.Dr.Tezin is most concerned about a:
A) Main effect hypothesis
B) Interaction effect hypothesis
C) Suppression effect
D) Crossover interaction

Accepted Answer

Dr. Tezin's intention to focus on only one independent variable at a time and ignore the effects of all other independent variables in her study indicates that she is interested in testing a main effect hypothesis. This means that she wants to examine the relationship between one independent variable and the dependent variable while controlling the effects of all other independent variables. This approach helps in isolating the specific effect of one independent variable on the dependent variable.

Question 10

In a 2 × 2 factorial design using a within-subjects design:
A) different participants will experience both levels for both the independent variables.
B) the same participants will experience two levels of the IV and two levels of the DV.
C) different participants will experience only one level for each independent variable.
D) the same participants will experience both levels for both of the independent variables.

Accepted Answer

In a within-subjects design featuring a 2 × 2 factorial design, the same participants will experience both levels for both of the independent variables. This allows for each participant to act as their own control, reducing error variance and increasing power.

Question 11

Rick is conducting a two-way analysis of variance for his research methods term paper.He plans to simultaneously test how two separate _____________ independent variables influence the __________ variable and how those independent variables interact to influence the dependent variable.
A) ordinal;independent
B) nominal;dependent
C) interval;dependent
D) continuous;independent

Accepted Answer

Two-way ANOVA is used to examine the influence of two nominal independent variables on a single, continuous dependent variable, including their interaction effects.

Question 12

A 2 × 2 factorial design includes _____ levels in the first independent variable.
A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8

Accepted Answer

A 2 × 2 factorial design means there are two independent variables, each with two levels. Therefore, the first independent variable has two levels.

Question 13

An interaction effect hypothesis is a prediction about how the levels of one independent variable combine with another independent to influence the _____in a way that extends beyond the _____of the two separate main effects.
A) dependent variable;sum
B) interaction effect;product
C) dependent variable;quotient
D) dependent variable;product

Accepted Answer

The answer of An interaction effect hypothesis is a prediction...

Question 14

Tyrese wants to conduct a study on how athletics influence a student's practical cognitive flexibility.Which of the following would be the best for optimizing mundane realism?
A) art class
B) a research laboratory
C) a classroom
D) a library

Accepted Answer

A classroom would be the best choice for optimizing mundane realism as it is the most realistic setting for observing the potential effects of athletics on a student's practical cognitive flexibility. In an art class or library, the activities and environment would be too dissimilar to typical athletic practices, while a research laboratory may be too controlled and devoid of the usual distractions and variables present in a classroom setting.

Question 15

Synergistic effect is an effect where two variables ____ to produce an outcome that is _____ than what each individual variable contributes.
A) separate;smaller
B) separate;bigger
C) combine;smaller
D) combine;bigger

Accepted Answer

Synergistic effect is when two variables combine to produce an outcome that is greater than what each individual variable contributes. Therefore, the answer is combine;bigger.

Question 16

A 3 × 3 × 2 factorial design includes how many levels in the second independent variable?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 3 × 3 × 2 factorial...

Question 17

Suppression effect is an effect where two variables _____ to produce an outcome that is _____than what each individual variable contributes.
A) separate;smaller
B) separate;bigger
C) combine;smaller
D) combine;bigger

Accepted Answer

Suppression effect occurs when two variables combine to produce a smaller outcome than what each individual variable contributes.

Question 18

How many possible outcomes,including both main effects and interaction effects,are possible for a factorial design with three independent variables?
A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 10

Accepted Answer

The number of possible outcomes in a factorial design can be calculated by multiplying the number of levels of each independent variable. In this case, if each independent variable has two levels, then the total number of possible outcomes would be 2 x 2 x 2 = 8. Therefore, the correct answer is Choice C) 8.

Question 19

A 2 × 2 × 4 factorial design includes how many independent variables?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Accepted Answer

A 2×2×4 factorial design includes 3 independent variables, with 2 levels for the first and second variables, and 4 levels for the third variable. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Question 20

A two-way analysis of variance is a statistical test that allows researchers to _____ test how two _____nominal or categorical independent variables influence the dependent variable and how those independent variables interact to influence the dependent variable.
A) consecutively;combined
B) consecutively;separate
C) simultaneously;combined
D) simultaneously;separate

Accepted Answer

A two-way analysis of variance allows for the simultaneous testing of two categorical independent variables and how they interact to influence the dependent variable. This approach allows for more nuanced and complex analyses of the data than consecutively or combined approaches.

Quiz 11: Factorial Design: Part 2

A main effect hypothesis focuses on the effect of _independent variable(s) on the _ variable,ignoring all other independent variables.

Interactions are helpful to study because they tend to:

In a 2 × 2 factorial design how many possible combinations of the independent variables exist?

A 4 × 3 × 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design includes how many independent variables?

Dr.Muma wishes to utilize research confederates in his upcoming studies.Which of the following would be the best reason to include a research confederate in an experiment?

A 4 × 3 × 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design includes how many levels in the second independent variable?

Hybrid designs include any factorial design that has at least one _____ variable.

Dr.Tezin wants to focus on only one independent variable at a time,and ignore the effects of all other independent variables in her upcoming study.Dr.Tezin is most concerned about a:

In a 2 × 2 factorial design using a within-subjects design:

Rick is conducting a two-way analysis of variance for his research methods term paper.He plans to simultaneously test how two separate ___ independent variables influence the variable and how those independent variables interact to influence the dependent variable.

A 2 × 2 factorial design includes _____ levels in the first independent variable.

An interaction effect hypothesis is a prediction about how the levels of one independent variable combine with another independent to influence the _in a way that extends beyond the _of the two separate main effects.

Tyrese wants to conduct a study on how athletics influence a student's practical cognitive flexibility.Which of the following would be the best for optimizing mundane realism?

Synergistic effect is an effect where two variables to produce an outcome that is _ than what each individual variable contributes.

A 3 × 3 × 2 factorial design includes how many levels in the second independent variable?

Suppression effect is an effect where two variables _ to produce an outcome that is _than what each individual variable contributes.

How many possible outcomes,including both main effects and interaction effects,are possible for a factorial design with three independent variables?

A 2 × 2 × 4 factorial design includes how many independent variables?

A two-way analysis of variance is a statistical test that allows researchers to _ test how two _nominal or categorical independent variables influence the dependent variable and how those independent variables interact to influence the dependent variable.