Question 1

Intellectual tools passed down from generation to generation that may assist in learning within societies are referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Intellectual tools passed down from generation to...

Question 2

The benefits of _____ intelligence in adult life are obvious, as adults need to solve real-world challenges.

Accepted Answer

Practical intelligence refers to the ability to solve real-life problems and adapt to new situations, which is highly necessary in adult life. Creative intelligence is more focused on generating new ideas and may not always be applicable in practical situations. Flexible intelligence refers to the ability to adapt to new situations, but it may not necessarily involve problem-solving skills. Analytic intelligence is more focused on abstract reasoning and may not directly translate to practical problem-solving abilities.

Question 3

The Davidsons have just had a baby. Both parents must now adapt to the new demands of caring for an infant. This will require the form of intelligence that Sternberg calls _____.

Accepted Answer

Practical intelligence involves the ability to apply knowledge and skills to everyday situations and is especially important in activities that require adapting to new and changing situations, such as caring for a new baby. Therefore, the best choice is D) practical.

Question 4

An experience, circumstance, or condition that affects a person is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A stressor is defined as any experience, circumstance, or condition that causes stress or strain on an individual. It can be a physical or psychological stimuli that can affect a person's health, well-being, and behavior. Senescence refers to the natural aging process, weathering refers to the cumulative wear and tear on the body due to repeated exposure to environmental stressors, and selective optimization with compensation is a model of successful aging that involves individuals focusing on their strengths and compensating for their weaknesses.

Question 5

In which coping style do people try to change their attitude about a stressor?

Accepted Answer

Emotion-focused coping involves strategies where individuals try to change their emotional reaction to a stressor, such as by reframing the situation or practicing relaxation techniques. This involves changing their attitude toward the stressor.

Question 6

Baltes and Baltes found that adults use their intellectual strengths to offset their age-related declining abilities through the process of _____.

Accepted Answer

Baltes and Baltes introduced the concept of selective optimization with compensation, which refers to the process where adults use their intellectual strengths to offset their age-related declining abilities. This process involves three components: selection, optimization, and compensation.

Question 7

Betty is a retired registered nurse who fills in at the local hospital when the staff is in need of nurses. She is frequently called in without advance notice and must take over without any time to get oriented. To quickly grasp the expectations and needs of the situation, Betty must rely on what Sternberg calls _____ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Practical intelligence involves being able to adapt to new situations, quickly understand the demands of the situation, and use common sense to solve problems. Betty's ability to quickly grasp the expectations and needs of the situation and take over without any time to get oriented suggests that she relies on practical intelligence.

Question 8

Earl Hunt, a psychologist who studies intelligence, has proposed that nations with the most advanced economies and greatest national wealth are those that make best use of cognitive _____, that is, ways to amplify and extend general cognitive ability.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Earl Hunt, a psychologist who studies intelligence,...

Question 9

Ivis is 60 years old and realizes that his reading speed and eyesight are not as robust as they were when he was younger. He still enjoys participating in a book club, which requires a new book to be read every week. So Ivis now listens to the books on tape. Ivis is using _____ in order to participate in the book club.

Accepted Answer

Ivis is using selective optimization with compensation, which is the process of using one's strengths to compensate for declining abilities in other areas. In this case, Ivis is using his auditory strength to compensate for his declining vision and reading speed, allowing him to still participate in the book club.

Question 10

Which individual is MOST likely to have a lower IQ as a consequence of weathering?

Accepted Answer

Weathering refers to the cumulative physical and psychological effects of chronic exposure to social and economic adversity. African Americans are more likely to experience such adversity compared to European Americans, resulting in earlier onset of age-related health problems such as hypertension and diabetes, which can in turn lead to cognitive impairment. Therefore, a 40-year-old African American is more likely to have experienced the effects of weathering and have a lower IQ compared to a 40-year-old European American or a 4-year-old of any ethnicity.

Question 11

With which coping style do people try to attack a stressor in some way?

Accepted Answer

People who use problem-focused coping style try to attack the stressor in some way by identifying and taking concrete actions to solve the problem causing stress. They try to take control of the situation and find a solution to reduce the source of stress.

Question 12

Gracie learned that she did not get a promotion at work because she did not have enough completed projects. If she chooses to engage in problem-focused coping to deal with this stressor, she will _____.

Accepted Answer

Problem-focused coping involves taking active steps to address the problem causing the stressor. In this case, working to complete more projects would directly address the reason Gracie did not get the promotion and is therefore the best choice. Talking to a friend or drinking alcohol is an example of emotion-focused coping, which does not directly address the problem at hand. Quitting her job would be an extreme and potentially harmful response to this stressor.

Question 13

Practical intelligence, one form of Sternberg's intelligences, would be needed to _____.

Accepted Answer

Practical intelligence involves understanding and navigating real-life situations, such as understanding the needs of family members, making it the best choice for this question. Studying for a test (A), taking a test (B), and improving a specific skill (C) all involve more academic or specific abilities, which are not necessarily associated with practical intelligence.

Question 14

Females, who may be emotion-focused, are likely to "_____"-that is, to seek the company of other people when they are under pressure.

Accepted Answer

Females are more likely to engage in the tend-and-befriend coping mechanism when they are under pressure. This involves seeking the company of others and forming social alliances in response to stress. It is a contrast to the traditional fight-or-flight response and is considered to be more adaptive in female biology.

Question 15

Jennifer was just diagnosed with cancer. She has started drinking heavily and keeps rescheduling doctors' appointments to later and later dates. Jennifer is engaging in _____ coping.

Accepted Answer

Jennifer is avoiding dealing with her diagnosis by drinking heavily and rescheduling appointments. This is a classic example of avoidant coping, where the individual tries to reduce the stress associated with the situation by avoiding it.

Question 16

Practical intelligence is supported by _____.

Accepted Answer

Practical intelligence, also known as street smarts, is developed through one's experiences and the ability to adapt to new situations. It is not necessarily related to formal education, GPA, or advanced degrees. While health and nutrition can impact overall cognitive function, they are not directly related to practical intelligence.

Question 17

A method of dealing with a problem by ignoring, forgetting, or hiding it is referred to as _____ coping.

Accepted Answer

Avoidant coping refers to the behavior of avoiding dealing with or addressing a problem, whether through ignoring it, forgetting about it or hiding it. It is a maladaptive coping mechanism, as it does not directly address the issue at hand and can lead to increased stress and negative outcomes in the long term. Emotion-focused coping involves regulating one's emotional reactions to a problem and problem-focused coping involves actively addressing and solving the problem. Active coping involves taking action to address a problem, which may involve either emotion-focused or problem-focused coping strategies.

Question 18

Janyce, a 50-year-old woman, has several stressors in her life, so she turns to her friends to help her deal with the pressure. Which statement BEST explains the physiological phenomenon associated with her method of coping?

Accepted Answer

When Janyce turns to her friends to help her deal with stress, her body produces oxytocin, a hormone that encourages caring interactions. This hormone helps to reduce the negative effects of stress by promoting feelings of relaxation and wellbeing.

Question 19

The gradual accumulation of stressors over a long period of time, wearing down the resilience and resistance of a person, is referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

The term for the gradual accumulation of stressors over time is weathering.

Question 20

Major stressors and daily hassles _____.

Accepted Answer

Major stressors and daily hassles have been found to have a negative impact on cognitive functioning, including memory, attention, and decision-making abilities. Stress releases hormones such as cortisol which can impair cognitive functioning in the long run.

Quiz 4: The First Two Years: the Social World