Question 1

The term gender role refers to

Accepted Answer

Gender role refers to a set of behavior expectations for males or females. It includes societal norms and expectations about how men and women should behave and express themselves based on their gender, such as men being expected to be aggressive and women being expected to be nurturing.

Question 2

Evolutionary explanations of gender differences have been criticized because they

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary explanations of gender differences focus on behaviors that have remained relatively stable over long periods of time. However, cultural changes in behavior can occur rapidly and may not be accounted for by evolutionary explanations alone. Genetic, hormonal, and experimental factors are still taken into account in evolutionary explanations, but their emphasis on long-term stability may overlook changes that occur over shorter time frames.

Question 3

According to the text,what term best describes the relationship between biology and culture?

Accepted Answer

The text describes a relationship between biology (genetics) and culture (environmental factors) where they interact with each other. This is shown through examples such as gene-culture coevolution and epigenetics, where cultural practices can affect genetic expression and vice versa.

Question 4

Explain the hindsight criticism of evolutionary psychology.Provide an example of this type of thinking in evolutionary psychology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the hindsight criticism of evolutionary psychology.Provide...

Question 5

Your mother has commented on how little time your older sister,who recently married,spends on housework,as compared to what she herself used to spend when she was a newlywed.Your mother's comment reflects how gender roles

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your mother has commented on how little...

Question 6

In the mid 1960s,married women in the United States devoted 7 times as many hours to housework as did their husbands,yet in the mid 1990s,this figure was down to 2 times as many hours.This pattern reflects how gender roles

Accepted Answer

The fact that there was a significant decrease in the amount of time married women spent on housework compared to their husbands over a span of 30 years indicates that gender roles vary over time. This suggests that gender roles are not biologically determined or universally based on cultural norms, but rather can be influenced by societal changes and evolving attitudes towards gender equality. In addition, the decrease in the time spent on housework by women relative to men also reflects how gender roles are learned and can be influenced by socialization processes.

Question 7

Evolutionary psychology would explain the male tendency to display their "abs and assets" as an example of their striving to offer what women desire,which is

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychology suggests that men display their physical attributes to attract females because it signals their ability to provide external resources and physical protection, which was important during our ancestors' time when survival was dependent on physical capability.

Question 8

Both men and women desire _______ in their relationships.

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have shown that both men and women prioritize kindness and love over other factors, such as physical attractiveness or financial status, in their romantic relationships. While individual preferences may vary, traits like trust, loyalty, and empathy tend to be universally appreciated and sought after in a partner.

Question 9

found that teen males reported _______ as most important if left alone in a room with a teen female.

Accepted Answer

The answer of found that teen males reported _______ as...

Question 10

theorized that in adult life,the immediate causes of gender differences in social behavior are

Accepted Answer

The immediate causes of gender differences in social behavior in adult life are theorized to be the roles that reflect a sexual division of labor, as these roles dictate the expected behaviors and responsibilities of different genders in society.

Question 11

Higher than normal levels of testosterone have been found in

Accepted Answer

Research has found that male criminals with a history of violent behavior tend to have higher levels of testosterone compared to non-violent male criminals and non-criminal males.

Question 12

A very strong cultural norm dictates that males should be taller than their female mates.This height norm is cited in your text as evidence that

Accepted Answer

The height norm for males and females in relationships is an example of how biology and culture interact to develop gender-role norms. While there may be biological factors that play a role in why we perceive males as being taller, the cultural norm reinforces and perpetuates this idea. Therefore, the norm is not solely determined by biology or culture alone.

Question 13

Evolutionary psychologists take credit for predicting and confirming that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Evolutionary psychologists take credit for predicting and...

Question 14

A relationship in which the effect of one factor (such as biology)depends on another factor (such as environment)is the definition of

Accepted Answer

An interaction is a relationship in which the effect of one factor depends on another factor. In this case, the effect of biology depends on the environment, so an interaction is occurring. Choice A, competition, refers to the struggle between individuals for resources, not a relationship between factors. Choice C, interpolation, refers to the estimation of values within a range of known values, not a relationship between factors. Choice D, reciprocation, refers to the mutual exchange of actions or services, not a relationship between factors.

Question 15

Out of the 44 countries surveyed in a 2003 Pew Global Attitudes survey,how many countries agreed that life was more satisfying when both spouses work and share child care?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Out of the 44 countries surveyed in...

Question 16

Evolutionary psychology has been criticized for

Accepted Answer

The answer of Evolutionary psychology has been criticized for
...

Question 17

Research on possible hormonal influences on aggression has indicated that

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that violent male criminals have higher than normal levels of testosterone. While testosterone may influence animal aggression, studies have shown mixed results in its impact on human aggression. Gender differences in aggression have also been linked to both biological and social factors, including hormonal differences. Administering testosterone has actually been shown to increase aggression in many animals.

Question 18

A set of behavioral expectations for males or females defines gender

Accepted Answer

Gender roles are the set of behavioral expectations and norms that are associated with being male or female within a particular culture or society. These expectations can vary widely between different cultures and historical periods, and may involve everything from dress and appearance to domestic and occupational roles, emotional expression, and social behaviors. Gender roles are a key component of the social construction of gender, and can have a profound impact on individual behavior, social interaction, and cultural norms and values.

Question 19

Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Gender roles are not solely determined by genetics or learning, as culture plays a significant role in shaping them. Different cultures have different expectations and norms for gender roles, such as the division of labor, parenting, and social expectations. Climate, on the other hand, does not have a direct impact on gender roles.

Question 20

Evolutionary psychologists respond to their critics by saying that

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychologists respond to their critics by saying that the criticisms are "flat-out wrong," cultural explanations are guilty of hindsight explanations, and their field is an empirical science that tests its predictions with a variety of data. Therefore, all of the above statements are true.

Quiz 13: Gender, Genes, and Culture