Question 1

Thomas was badly neglected as a child but has become a well-adjusted adult.This demonstrates that Thomas is

Accepted Answer

Resilience refers to the ability to adapt and cope in the face of adversity or challenging life experiences, and it seems that Thomas has been able to do so despite a difficult childhood. None of the other options necessarily apply to Thomas based on the information given.

Question 2

When golden hamsters were repeatedly threatened and attacked while young,they suffered long-term changes in

Accepted Answer

The sentence mentions "long-term changes" which indicates that the answer choice must refer to a lasting effect. The only option that fits this description related to a long-term change is brain chemistry.

Question 3

Many researchers believe that ________ form(s)the foundation of our adult relationships and our ability to enjoy secure friendships.

Accepted Answer

Early attachment refers to the bond that infants develop with their primary caregiver(s) and can have a lasting impact on individuals' ability to form and maintain relationships throughout their lifetime. Studies have shown that the quality of our early attachment experiences can predict our ability to form secure relationships and have positive social interactions later in life.

Question 4

Two characteristics of authoritarian parents are that they

Accepted Answer

Authoritarian parents are characterized by imposing rules and expecting obedience without being responsive to their children's needs. They tend to have strict rules and punishment for non-compliance, but they don't explain the reasons behind these rules or take into consideration their children's opinions or feelings.

Question 5

Children who suffer chronic abuse and become aggressive teens and adults have been found to have

Accepted Answer

Studies have found that chronic abuse can result in lower-than-normal levels of serotonin in the brain. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in regulating mood, behavior, and impulse control. Lower levels of serotonin have been linked to increased aggression and impulsive behavior.

Question 6

Abuse victims are at considerable risk for depression if they carry a gene variation that spurs the production of

Accepted Answer

The question specifically states that abuse victims carrying a certain gene variation are at risk for depression. Of the options provided, the one most commonly associated with depression is the overproduction of stress hormones. This can lead to an imbalance in the body's chemistry and contribute to symptoms of depression. Serotonin and oxytocin are typically associated with positive moods and behaviors, while testosterone is more related to aggression and dominance.

Question 7

Experiencing severe child abuse can leave ________ that can alter normal gene expression.

Accepted Answer

Experiencing severe child abuse can alter epigenetic marks, which are chemical modifications to DNA that can influence gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. These changes can persist throughout the individual's lifetime and potentially be passed down to future generations.

Question 8

The McDougals use harsh discipline on their children and demand unquestioning obedience.Psychologists are likely to characterize the McDougals as ________ parents.

Accepted Answer

Authoritarian parents are known for being strict, demanding obedience, and using punishment as a means of control. The McDougals' use of harsh discipline and demand for unquestioning obedience aligns with the characteristics of authoritarian parenting. Permissive parents are warm and accepting but have few rules and do not discipline their children, which is not the case for the McDougals. Egocentric parenting is not a recognized parenting style, and authoritative parents are firm but nurturing, setting clear boundaries while also being responsive to their child's needs and emotions, which does not align with the McDougals' behavior.

Question 9

Negligent parents are especially likely to be

Accepted Answer

Negligent parents are typically uninvolved in their children's lives, showing little interest or concern for their well-being. They may provide for their basic needs, such as food and shelter, but are otherwise emotionally and psychologically absent. Coercive, confrontative, and unrestraining parenting styles are associated with different types of problems, but neglect is not typically one of them.

Question 10

Children who have survived severe or prolonged physical abuse or wartime atrocities,for example,are at increased risk for

Accepted Answer

Children who have experienced severe or prolonged physical abuse or wartime atrocities are at increased risk for developing a range of negative outcomes, including criminality, substance abuse, and attempted suicide. Therefore, the best choice is D, which encompasses all of these conditions.

Question 11

Parents who are neither demanding nor responsive are said to be

Accepted Answer

Parents who are neither demanding nor responsive are often described as neglectful or indifferent. They may be emotionally distant, uninvolved in their children's lives, and provide very little structure or guidance. This is different from permissive parenting, which is also low in demand but high in responsiveness. Authoritarian parents are high in demand but low in responsiveness, while authoritative parents are high in both demand and responsiveness.

Question 12

Some individuals constantly crave acceptance in romantic relationships but remain highly vigilant and sensitive to any signs of possible rejection.These people are said to demonstrate an insecure

Accepted Answer

The description given matches the characteristics of individuals with an anxious attachment style, who exhibit a chronic need for reassurance and validation from their partners and are hyper-vigilant to any signs of potential rejection or abandonment. Option A (avoidant attachment style) refers to individuals who typically avoid emotional intimacy and commitments, while option B (egocentric attachment style) and option D (preoperational attachment style) are not recognized attachment styles in the literature.

Question 13

Harlow observed that most monkeys raised in total isolation

Accepted Answer

The answer of Harlow observed that most monkeys raised in...

Question 14

For several months following a sudden and unexpected divorce,Henry was excessively preoccupied with thoughts of his ex-wife.His reaction resulted from the disruption of

Accepted Answer

Henry's excessive preoccupation with his ex-wife suggests that he had a strong attachment to her, which was disrupted by the sudden and unexpected divorce. This reaction is consistent with the concept of attachment, which is the emotional bond that forms between an infant and their caregiver, and can also apply to adult relationships.

Question 15

Abigail is a freshman in her first semester of college.She moved from her parents' home to live in residential housing on campus.Thus far,she is adjusting well.She is able to adjust so well in large part because of her

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment to parents often provides individuals with a stable emotional base, allowing them to explore new environments and adapt to changes more effectively, such as moving to college.

Question 16

Edith abuses both her 3-year-old and 1-year-old daughters.Her behavior is most likely related to a lack of

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that individuals who have had secure attachments to their own parents are less likely to engage in abusive behavior towards their own children. This suggests that Edith's behavior may be related to a lack of early and secure attachment to her own parents.

Question 17

Most children growing up under adversity become well-adjusted adults.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that children who grow up under adversity can still become well-adjusted adults, indicating resilience. Resilience refers to an individual's ability to bounce back from difficult situations or adversities. Egocentrism, object permanence, and conservation are all related to Piaget's theory of cognitive development and not directly related to this statement.

Question 18

Parents who are demanding and yet sensitively responsive to their children are said to be

Accepted Answer

Parents who are demanding of their children's behavior and yet sensitively responsive to their emotional needs are described as authoritative. They set clear expectations and boundaries, but they also provide warmth, support, and positive reinforcement. This parenting style is associated with positive outcomes for children, including higher self-esteem, better academic performance, and fewer behavioral problems.

Question 19

Romanian children raised in orphanages with untrained and overworked staff were found to have ________ than found in children assigned to quality foster care settings.

Accepted Answer

The sentence states that children in orphanages had lower intelligence scores compared to those in quality foster care, indicating that institutionalized care had a negative impact on cognitive development. Option A is not related to institutional care, option C mentions secure attachment which is not discussed in the sentence, and option D refers to memory, which is not related to the comparison between institutional and foster care.

Question 20

Brad and Jane exercise very little control over their two young children,and they usually allow them to do whatever they want.Psychologists would characterize Brad and Jane as ________ parents.

Accepted Answer

Permissive parents exercise very little control over their children and tend to let them do whatever they want. This parenting style is characterized by low demands and high responsiveness.

Quiz 4: Developing Through the Life Span