Question 1

Compared with monkeys left in stable groups, those who were housed with three or four new roommates each month were more likely to experience

Accepted Answer

Monkeys housed with three or four new roommates each month are more likely to experience weaker immune system responses compared to monkeys left in stable groups. This is because frequent social disruptions and stress can take a toll on the immune system, making it less able to respond effectively to pathogens. The other answer options (A, B, and D) are not directly related to the effects of social disruption on immune system function.

Question 2

During which stage of the general adaptation syndrome is a person's ability to physically cope with a stressor strongest?

Accepted Answer

During the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome, the body has adapted to the stressor and its ability to cope with the stressor is at its strongest. This stage follows the initial alarm response and precedes exhaustion. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Question 3

Professor Crane was ecstatic when he learned that his research study had been approved for publication. His feelings of joy quickly dissipated, however, when he heard a colleague recently had three different research articles accepted for publication. His declining emotional satisfaction best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The situation described reflects the concept of relative deprivation, which is defined as the feeling of being worse off than others with whom we compare ourselves. Professor Crane's declining emotional satisfaction is a result of comparing himself to his colleague who had more research articles accepted for publication.

Question 4

Tend and befriend refers to

Accepted Answer

Tend and befriend is an alternative to the fight-or-flight response that may be more common in women. It involves a response to stress that focuses on nurturing and protecting others rather than on fighting or running away.

Question 5

Marcy believes that the outcome of athletic contests depends so much on luck that it hardly pays to put any effort into her own athletic training. Her belief most clearly illustrates

Accepted Answer

Marcy's belief that the outcome of athletic contests depends on luck suggests that she has an external locus of control, meaning she believes that events are determined by factors outside her control such as luck. This belief often leads to a sense of helplessness and a lack of motivation to put effort into achieving goals. Choices A, B, and C are unrelated to Marcy's belief about luck and effort in athletic training.

Question 6

Which of the following statements concerning Type A and Type B persons is true?

Accepted Answer

When stressed, Type A persons experience a physiological response known as the fight-or-flight response. This involves the redistribution of blood flow to the muscles and away from internal organs, including the digestive and immune systems. This can lead to a range of health problems such as hypertension, digestive issues, and compromised immunity. While Type A persons may have higher blood pressure even when relaxed, this is not necessarily a defining characteristic of Type A behavior. Type B persons may or may not suppress anger more than Type A persons, and there is no clear evidence to suggest that one type is inherently more outgoing than the other.

Question 7

In later life, ________ predicts better mental functioning and less risk of dementia.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that engaging in regular aerobic exercise in later life is associated with better mental functioning and a lower risk of developing dementia. Options A and B are not associated with better mental functioning, while option D ("the ABC program") is not a recognized intervention for improving cognitive health.

Question 8

Research studies in Scotland and elsewhere have demonstrated that high economic status predicts

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research studies in Scotland and elsewhere have...

Question 9

When students studied others who were worse off than themselves, they felt greater satisfaction with their own lives. This is an example of the principle of

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as relative deprivation, which occurs when individuals compare themselves to others and feel that they have less than others. When students studied others who were worse off, they experienced a sense of gratitude and satisfaction with their current circumstances, leading to greater happiness and well-being.

Question 10

It has been suggested that a stable worldview may contribute to the stress protection associated with

Accepted Answer

Religious involvement is associated with a stable worldview and has been shown to contribute to stress protection.

Question 11

Concerning the concept of catharsis, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that expressing anger can be temporarily calming if it is done in a healthy and constructive way, such as assertive communication. However, if expressing anger leads to feelings of guilt or anxiety, it may not be ultimately beneficial. The other options presented are either incorrect or too extreme.

Question 12

AIDS is a disorder that causes a breakdown in the body's

Accepted Answer

AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is a disorder that attacks and weakens the immune system, leaving the body vulnerable to various infections and cancers.

Question 13

In research studies, dogs who were able to escape electric shocks experienced

Accepted Answer

Dogs who were able to escape the electric shocks demonstrated personal control, as they had the ability to change their situation and avoid the shocks. Option A is incorrect because emotion-focused coping refers to coping strategies that focus on managing one's emotional response to a stressful situation, which is not relevant to the dogs' behavior in this case. Option C is incorrect because the tend-and-befriend response refers to a social behavior observed in humans, and not in animals. Option D is incorrect because an external locus of control refers to the belief that external factors, such as luck or fate, control one's life, which does not apply here because the dogs had some control over their situation.

Question 14

In order, the sequence of stages in the general adaptation syndrome is

Accepted Answer

The general adaptation syndrome follows a specific sequence of stages starting with the alarm reaction, then the stage of resistance, and finally the stage of exhaustion. Choice A shows the correct sequence.

Question 15

Ben is a self-employed accountant who works overtime during the first two weeks of April to finish his clients' tax forms before the filing deadline. During this time, Ben is most likely to show a(n)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ben is a self-employed accountant who works...

Question 16

Type A personality is to Type B personality as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

Type A personalities are characterized as competitive, impatient, and irritable, while Type B personalities are more relaxed and calm. Therefore, the best comparison is irritability to calmness. Options A and B do not have a clear relationship, and option D is unrelated to the given scenario.

Question 17

Kathy alleviated the stress of breaking up with her boyfriend in two ways. She avoided contact with her ex-boyfriend and she planned recreational activities with her best girlfriend. Kathy's behavior best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Kathy's behavior of avoiding contact with her ex-boyfriend and planning recreational activities with her best girlfriend represents emotion-focused coping, as she is trying to manage her emotional distress and reduce the negative emotions associated with the breakup. The other options are not relevant to the situation described.

Question 18

Which of these factors have researchers NOT found to correlate with happiness?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of these factors have researchers NOT...

Question 19

Luciano believes that the best way to get over the anger he feels toward his high school teacher is to scream shameful profanities while hitting a punching bag. Luciano apparently believes that expressing anger promotes

Accepted Answer

Luciano's belief that expressing anger through screaming and hitting a punching bag promotes catharsis, which is the psychological theory that releasing aggression helps reduce tension and promote emotional release. This theory has been challenged by research that suggests that expressing anger actually escalates aggressive behavior rather than reduces it. However, Luciano's belief represents the concept of catharsis.

Question 20

Although she is intelligent, Abigail believes that her low grades in school are reflections of her own intellectual incompetence. Her conclusion best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Abigail's conclusion that her low grades are a reflection of her own intellectual incompetence indicates a pessimistic outlook, as she is framing the situation in a negative light and seeing herself as incapable. This is an example of internalizing failure, which is a common characteristic of individuals with a pessimistic outlook. A) Problem-focused coping refers to trying to actively solve a problem. There is no indication that Abigail is attempting this. B) An internal locus of control refers to an individual's belief that they have control over their outcomes. While Abigail seems to be blaming herself, this is not necessarily indicative of her overall locus of control. C) The fight-or-flight response is a physiological reaction to stress, which does not seem relevant to the situation described.

Quiz 11: Stress, Health, and Human Flourishing