Question 1

Which of the following types of norms are more likely to be the most common and the most important norms?
A) appearance norms
B) social arrangement norms
C) resource allocation norms
D) performance norms
E) behavioral norms

Accepted Answer

Performance norms are the most common and the most important norms. These norms dictate how individuals should perform, what standards they are expected to meet, and how they will be evaluated. Performance norms are critical to organizations because they establish a common language and set of expectations for what is considered good performance. They also help organizations to assess and reward individual and group performance, which is essential for maintaining a motivated and productive workforce.

Question 2

According to status characteristics theory, which of the following factors does not determine status?
A) control over the resources needed by the group
B) contribution to goals
C) ability to confirm to group norms
D) personality
E) talent

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to status characteristics theory, which of...

Question 3

Which of the following terms best describes the acceptable standards of behavior that are shared by a group's members?
A) norms
B) rules
C) standards
D) traditions
E) role perception

Accepted Answer

Norms are the acceptable standards of behavior that are shared by a group's members. These norms may be explicit or implicit, and they can vary significantly across different groups and cultures. Rules are more specific and formalized guidelines for behavior, while standards and traditions may refer to broader cultural or historical expectations. Role perception refers to an individual's understanding and expectations of their own role within a group or organization.

Question 4

A local government work crew cleans up parks and other public spaces. In this crew the dirtiest jobs are generally given to the newest members, while the more senior members of the crew tend to do little except draw their pay. Which of the following classes of norms encompasses arrangements like this?
A) performance norms
B) appearance norms
C) resource allocation norms
D) leisure norms
E) confluence norms

Accepted Answer

Resource allocation norms refer to norms that dictate how resources are distributed among group members. In this case, the distribution of tasks is based on seniority, which is a form of resource allocation. Performance norms relate to expectations for how group members should perform their tasks, appearance norms relate to dress and grooming, leisure norms relate to how members spend their non-work time, and confluence norms relate to the degree of agreement or disagreement within the group.

Question 5

Role perception indicates ________.
A) others' belief regarding how you should act in a given situation
B) the skills required for performing the job
C) the social norms that are to be followed while performing the role
D) our view of how we're supposed to act in a given situation
E) acceptable standards of behavior shared by group members

Accepted Answer

Role perception refers to how an individual views or believes they should act in a particular situation or in a specific job or position. It is their own perception and may differ from the perception of others, social norms, or group standards.

Question 6

The important groups to which an individual belongs or hopes to belong are known as the ________ groups.
A) conformation
B) reference
C) status
D) power
E) appearance

Accepted Answer

Reference groups are the groups that an individual looks up to or aspires to join. They are significant to an individual because they provide standards for behavior and values that influence his or her attitudes and beliefs. The other choices, such as conformation groups, status groups, power groups, and appearance groups, are not commonly used terms in sociology and do not accurately describe the concept of the important groups to which an individual belongs or hopes to belong.

Question 7

When ________, the result is role conflict.
A) we lack the skills required for performing the role
B) we do not approve of the behavioral requirements of a role
C) our view of the role is different from others expectations of that role
D) compliance with one role requirement may make it difficult to comply with another
E) different groups of people associate different norms with a role

Accepted Answer

Role conflict occurs when compliance with one role requirement clashes with compliance with another. This creates a dilemma where one cannot fulfill both the expectations of the roles simultaneously.

Question 8

Zach is devout and very active in his church. He is also a very dedicated employee. His manager offers him a promotion but the new role will require him to work Sundays. Zach would like the promotion, but realizes that it would force him to miss some church activities. In such situation Zach is most likely to experience ________.
A) role conflict
B) emotional contagion
C) cognitive dissonance
D) emotional labor
E) self-concordance

Accepted Answer

Zach is experiencing role conflict because his personal values and beliefs (being active in his church) conflict with the new responsibilities of his job (working on Sundays).

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true regarding behavior in a group?
A) Group norms do not press us toward conformity.
B) A recent study suggests those working in a group were less likely to lie, cheat, and steal than individuals working alone.
C) Conformity to social norms is higher in individualistic cultures as compared to that in collectivist cultures.
D) Deviant workplace behavior is likely to flourish where it's supported by group norms.
E) The low-status people in the group speak more often as compared to the high-status people.

Accepted Answer

Group norms can significantly influence behavior, and when deviant behavior is supported by these norms, it is more likely to flourish. This is because individuals in a group often look to the norms within that group to guide their actions and decisions, especially in situations where the behavior is supported or encouraged by the group's collective attitude or actions.

Question 10

Groups of approximately ________ members tend to be more effective for taking action.
A) two
B) seven
C) eleven
D) sixteen
E) twenty-one

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that groups of around seven members tend to be the most effective for taking action, as they are large enough to bring diversity of ideas and skills but small enough for efficient communication and decision-making.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of status on group interaction?
A) Lower-status members state less commands than high status members.
B) Lower-status members tend to be more assertive group members as compared to high-status members.
C) Lower-status members speak more often as compared to high-status members.
D) Lower-status members state people interrupt others more often compared to high-status members.
E) As compared to high-status members, lower-status members tend to participate in group discussions more actively.

Accepted Answer

Lower-status members typically have less influence and authority in group settings, leading them to state fewer commands compared to high-status members who are more likely to take charge and direct group activities.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of size of the group on the performance of the group?
A) The size of the group does not affect the group's overall behavior.
B) Evidence indicates that larger groups are faster at completing tasks than smaller ones.
C) As compared to smaller groups, larger groups are better in problem solving.
D) If the goal of the group is fact-finding then smaller groups are more effective than larger groups.
E) Evidence indicates that individuals perform better in larger groups than in smaller ones.

Accepted Answer

C) The size of the group affects the group's overall behavior. The evidence indicates smaller groups are faster at completing tasks than larger ones and that individuals perform better in smaller groups than in larger ones. As compared to smaller groups, larger groups are better in problem solving. If the goal of the group is fact-finding, larger groups should be more effective.

Question 13

Which of the following is not an example of a performance norm?
A) when an employee needs to look busy
B) how hard an employee should work
C) the appropriate levels of tardiness
D) the acceptable level of output
E) how to get the job done

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not an...

Question 14

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding the performing stage?
A) The performing stage is characterized by a great deal of uncertainty about the group's purpose, structure, and leadership.
B) During the performing stage there is conflict over who will control the group.
C) The performing stage is complete when members have begun to think of themselves as part of a group.
D) For permanent work groups, performing is the last stage in development.
E) During the performing stage, members accept the existence of the group but resist the constraints it imposes on individuality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is most...

Question 15

The ________ norms dictate behavior such as with whom group members eat lunch and friendships on and off the job.
A) appearance
B) social arrangement
C) performance
D) leisure
E) confluence

Accepted Answer

Social arrangement norms dictate behavior related to social interactions, including who group members eat lunch with and form friendships with on and off the job. Appearance norms relate to clothes, grooming, and physical presentation, performance norms relate to work expectations and goals, leisure norms relate to activities outside of work, and confluence norms relate to values and beliefs shared among group members.

Question 16

Most people assume that a police officer should behave in a lawful manner, not show any favoritism to any particular group, and do their best to uphold the law. Which of the following terms best represents these beliefs?
A) role identity
B) role criteria
C) role expectations
D) role requirements
E) role perceptions

Accepted Answer

Role expectations are the beliefs and assumptions about how a person in a particular role should behave, perform, and interact with others. In this case, the role expectations for a police officer include behaving in a lawful manner, not showing favoritism, and upholding the law.

Question 17

Which of the following terms refers to the process by which an individual's desire for acceptance by the group and the pressure by the group on individual members to match its standards results in a change in individual attitudes and behaviors?
A) conformity
B) coercion
C) commitment
D) convergence
E) confluence

Accepted Answer

Conformity refers to the process by which individuals change their attitudes and behaviors to match those of the group. Coercion involves forcing individuals to do something against their will, commitment is a personal decision to dedicate oneself to a particular cause or goal, convergence refers to the coming together of two or more things, and confluence refers to the merging of two or more streams or influences.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of status on conformity pressure?
A) High-status individuals are often given less freedom to deviate from norms than are other group members.
B) People in high-status jobs have especially negative reactions to social pressure exerted by people in low-status jobs.
C) Lower-status people are better able to resist conformity pressures than their high-status peers.
D) Groups exert equal conformity pressure on all individuals regardless of their status.
E) As compared to high-status members, low-status members are given a wider range of discretion as long as their activities aren't severely detrimental to group goal achievement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is true...

Question 19

Which of the following terms best represents voluntary actions that violate significant organizational norms and, in doing so, threaten the well-being of the organization or its members?
A) negativity offset
B) deviant workplace behavior
C) self-concordance
D) emotional contagion
E) positivity offset

Accepted Answer

Deviant workplace behavior refers to voluntary actions that violate significant organizational norms and threaten the well-being of the organization or its members. This can include actions such as theft, harassment, and workplace sabotage. The other options are not directly related to this concept.

Question 20

Role ________ indicates the way others believe you should act in a given context.
A) perception
B) identity
C) expectation
D) criterion
E) style

Accepted Answer

Expectations refer to the way people believe you should act in a given context, while perception refers to how individuals view or interpret your behavior. Identity refers to your sense of self, criterion refers to a standard for assessing or evaluating something, and style refers to a manner of doing something.

Quiz 8: Foundations of Group Behavior

Which of the following types of norms are more likely to be the most common and the most important norms?

According to status characteristics theory, which of the following factors does not determine status?

Which of the following terms best describes the acceptable standards of behavior that are shared by a group's members?

Role perception indicates ________.

The important groups to which an individual belongs or hopes to belong are known as the ________ groups.

When ________, the result is role conflict.

Which of the following statements is true regarding behavior in a group?

Groups of approximately ________ members tend to be more effective for taking action.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of status on group interaction?

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of size of the group on the performance of the group?

Which of the following is not an example of a performance norm?

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding the performing stage?

The ________ norms dictate behavior such as with whom group members eat lunch and friendships on and off the job.

Most people assume that a police officer should behave in a lawful manner, not show any favoritism to any particular group, and do their best to uphold the law. Which of the following terms best represents these beliefs?

Which of the following terms refers to the process by which an individual's desire for acceptance by the group and the pressure by the group on individual members to match its standards results in a change in individual attitudes and behaviors?

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of status on conformity pressure?

Which of the following terms best represents voluntary actions that violate significant organizational norms and, in doing so, threaten the well-being of the organization or its members?

Role ________ indicates the way others believe you should act in a given context.