Question 1

Asexual reproduction

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction occurs when offspring are produced by and receive genetic material from only one parent.

Question 2

Which describes a plant with perfect flowers?

Accepted Answer

"Perfect flowers" means the flowers have both male and female reproductive structures, meaning they are capable of self-fertilization. Therefore, the best choice is D, which describes an individual plant whose flowers contain both female and male structures.

Question 3

In sexual reproduction, meiosis produces _____ cells from one parent that join with _____ cells from the other parent to form a _____ zygote.

Accepted Answer

In sexual reproduction, meiosis results in the production of haploid cells (gametes) from each parent. When these haploid cells from two different parents combine, they form a diploid zygote, which has two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Question 4

Plant species with separate male and female flowers on the same individual are called ???_____, and plant species with only male or female flowers on an individual are called _____.

Accepted Answer

Monoecious plants have both male and female flowers on the same individual, allowing them to self-pollinate or cross-pollinate within the same plant. Dioecious plants, on the other hand, have male and female flowers on separate individuals, requiring cross-pollination between different plants for reproduction.

Question 5

In honeybees, drones arise from _____ eggs, and workers arise from _____ eggs.

Accepted Answer

In honeybees, drones arise from unfertilized haploid eggs, and workers arise from fertilized haploid eggs.

Question 6

What process produces gametes for sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis is the process that produces gametes for sexual reproduction. It involves two rounds of cell division, resulting in four haploid daughter cells with unique genetic combinations. Mitosis, binary fission, and clonal duplication all result in identical copies of the parent cell, while parthenogenesis produces offspring without fertilization.

Question 7

An individual that uses its male gametes to fertilize its female gametes is reproducing through

Accepted Answer

Self-fertilization, also known as selfing, is a mode of reproduction where an individual uses its own male and female gametes to produce offspring. This is in contrast to outcrossing, where individuals mate with unrelated partners to exchange genetic material, cloning, where an individual reproduces asexually, and parthenogenesis, where an individual produces offspring from unfertilized eggs.

Question 8

Hermaphrodism is

Accepted Answer

Hermaphrodism is rare in species that engage in brood care because the two characteristics are evolutionarily incompatible. Species that engage in brood care require specialization in parental roles, which is hindered by hermaphrodism.

Question 9

Evolution favours hermaphrodism when fitness of the hermaphrodite is _____ fitness of the _____.

Accepted Answer

Evolution favours hermaphrodism when the fitness of the hermaphrodite is greater than the fitness of both male and female. This is because an individual with both male and female reproductive organs can reproduce with any individual they encounter, giving them a reproductive advantage over those with only one set of reproductive organs.

Question 10

Which statement best describes the cost of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement best describes the cost of...

Question 11

An organism starts out its life as female but later changes into a male. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Sequential hermaphrodism is a reproductive strategy in which an organism changes its sex at some point during its lifetime. This can occur in a variety of ways, such as starting out as a female and later changing into a male (as in the case of some fish and amphibians) or starting out as a male and later changing into a female (as in some species of mollusks). Simultaneous hermaphrodism (B) refers to organisms that have both male and female reproductive organs at the same time. Monoecism (C) refers to organisms that have separate male and female reproductive structures on the same individual, while dioecism (D) refers to organisms where there are separate male and female individuals.

Question 12

Scientists have confirmed a rare case of a virgin female hammerhead shark giving birth to offspring that were genetically identical to the mother. What process accounts for this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described in the question is known as parthenogenesis, which is a form of asexual reproduction where an unfertilized egg develops into a viable offspring. This is the best choice because it accurately describes the process that accounts for the rare case of the virgin female hammerhead shark giving birth to genetically identical offspring.

Question 13

Reproduction in which offspring receive genetic material from two parents is called

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction requires genetic material from two parents, whereas asexual reproduction only involves one parent. Parthenogenesis is a type of asexual reproduction in which an egg develops without being fertilized by sperm. Vegetative reproduction is a form of asexual reproduction in which offspring are produced from parts of the parent plant, such as a stem or root. Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction in which a single organism divides into two equal parts.

Question 14

Which statement best describes the Red Queen hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The Red Queen hypothesis suggests that sexual selection allows organisms to increase their chances of survival by keeping up with the ever-evolving parasites. This is based on the idea that parasites evolve at a fast rate and if an organism's traits (including immune defense) do not evolve at a similar pace, they will not survive. Sexual selection can help ensure that new genetic traits are constantly introduced into a population, making it more likely that some individuals will possess traits that can combat parasites.

Question 15

Clones are offspring produced _____ and have the same _____ as the parent.

Accepted Answer

Clones are produced asexually, meaning there is no fusion of gametes or genetic recombination, so the genotype of the clone is identical to the parent. Phenotype may be similar or identical but not always the same, as environmental factors can play a role in determining phenotype.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which organisms can purge deleterious mutations?

Accepted Answer

Random assortment in mitosis does not involve the formation of gametes and thus does not contribute to the purging of deleterious mutations. Random assortment in meiosis can lead to the production of gametes without the mutation or with the mutation in a heterozygous state, and the production of homozygous recessive nonviable offspring removes the mutation from the population. Similarly, the production of offspring without the mutation also removes the mutation from the population.

Question 17

Production of offspring from the nonsexual tissues of a parent is called

Accepted Answer

Vegetative reproduction involves the production of offspring from nonsexual tissues of a parent, such as roots, stems, and leaves. Mitosis is a process of cell division that results in the production of two genetically identical daughter cells. Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction used by many prokaryotic organisms. Clonal duplication is a term used to describe the production of genetically identical individuals through artificial means, such as cloning. Parthenogenesis is a form of reproduction in which an egg develops into a new individual without being fertilized by sperm.

Question 18

All of the following are benefits of sexual reproduction EXCEPT that

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction does not guarantee that offspring will have greater fitness than asexually produced offspring; fitness depends on the specific environmental context and genetic combinations.

Question 19

Lions have been hunting gazelles in the savannahs of Africa for hundreds of thousands of years. Over time both gazelles and lions have incrementally increased their speed. What might be occurring? What hypothesis could explain this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lions have been hunting gazelles in the...

Question 20

Parthenogenesis occurs when offspring are produced

Accepted Answer

Parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction in which offspring are produced from unfertilized embryos. The offspring are genetically identical to the parent. This process is seen in some species of insects, fish, reptiles, and amphibians.

Quiz 9: Reproductive Strategies