Question 1

In a study investigating whether there is a difference in age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes for young adult males and females, the result obtained for a two-tailed probability is U =3, p = .09 ( HYPERLINK "http://mlsc.lboro.ac.uk/resources/statistics/Mannwhitney.pdf" http://mlsc.lboro.ac.uk/resources/statistics/Mannwhitney.pdf). What does this result signify?

Accepted Answer

The p-value of .09 is not statistically significant at the commonly accepted alpha level of .05. Therefore, we do not have sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis that there is no difference in age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes between young adult males and females.

Question 2

Which of the following tests does not constitute an alternative to the Mann-Whitney test?

Accepted Answer

The Kruskal-Wallis test is used for comparing more than two groups, whereas the Mann-Whitney test is for two groups. The other tests listed are alternatives for comparing two independent samples.

Question 3

A psychologist was interested in whether there was a gender difference in the use of email. She hypothesized that because women are generally better communicators than men, they would spend longer using email than their male counterparts. To test this hypothesis, the researcher sat by the email computers in her research methods laboratory and when someone started using email, she noted whether they were male or female and then timed how long they spent using email (in minutes). How should she analyse the differences in males and females? (Use the output below to help you decide.)

Accepted Answer

B

Question 4

The non-parametric equivalent of the one-way between-measures ANOVA is

Accepted Answer

The Kruskal-Wallis test is the non-parametric equivalent of the one-way ANOVA for independent measures.

Question 5

The non-parametric equivalent of the one-way repeated-measures ANOVA is

Accepted Answer

The Friedman test is the non-parametric equivalent of the one-way repeated-measures ANOVA as it tests for differences among repeated measures in multiple groups. The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests are non-parametric tests for independent samples, while the Wilcoxon sign test is a non-parametric test for paired samples.

Question 6

Ten visitors to an art gallery are asked to rate a Van Gogh painting alongside a sculpture each by Henry Moore and Michelangelo. What test would be used to see if there is a significant difference in ratings amongst the three pieces?

Accepted Answer

The Friedman test is a non-parametric test used to compare three or more matched groups. In this case, the 10 visitors rated the three art pieces, making it a matched group design. The Mann-Whitney test and Signed-rank test are used to compare two independent groups and not appropriate for this scenario. The Kruskal-Wallis test is used to compare independent groups but is not appropriate for this scenario since the groups are matched. Therefore, the best choice for this scenario is the Friedman test.

Question 7

What might be a reason to choose parametric tests over non-parametric tests even if some parametric assumptions are violated?

Accepted Answer

Parametric tests are generally more powerful than non-parametric tests, meaning they have a higher probability of detecting a true effect when it exists, even if some assumptions are slightly violated.

Question 8

When would the Jonckheere-Terpstra test be used?

Accepted Answer

This test is used when we have multiple independent groups and we suspect that there is a meaningful order of median values between the groups. Therefore, option C is the correct choice. Option A is incorrect as the Jonckheere-Terpstra test is a follow-up test to the Kruskal-Wallis test and not a substitute for it. Option B is too general and not specific to the conditions required for the Jonckheere-Terpstra test. Option D is incorrect as option C is the correct answer.

Question 9

Another term for non-parametric tests is

Accepted Answer

Non-parametric tests are also called distribution-free tests because they do not require any assumptions about the underlying distribution of the data. Non-normal tests (A) refers specifically to tests that do not assume a normal distribution, but they may still be parametric tests. Data-free tests (B) and non-continuous tests (C) are not accurate descriptions of non-parametric tests.

Question 10

Which of the following tests allows for comparing several conditions?

Accepted Answer

The Kruskal-Wallis test is used to compare more than two independent samples. It is a non-parametric version of ANOVA and can be used when the assumptions of normality and equal variance are not met. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Mann-Whitney test, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test are all used to compare two conditions only.

Question 11

Look at the outputs below obtained from running Friedman's ANOVA on data relating to the use of three different drugs on groups of patients. What does this information mean? Ranks Test Statistic^a ^{a Friedman Test} Http://www.statsguides.bham.ac.uk/TSQ/TSQ4/np/Q1.htm

Accepted Answer

The answer of Look at the outputs below obtained from...

Question 12

Ten visitors to an art gallery are asked to rate two sculptures for aesthetic value on a scale of 1(low value) to 5 (high value).The results are as follows. What conclusion would be drawn? Test Statistics(b)

A. Based on positive ranks.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ten visitors to an art gallery are...

Question 13

Which of the following is not a condition for using non-parametric tests?

Accepted Answer

Non-parametric tests are used when assumptions of parametric tests are violated, such as when variables are measured on nominal or ordinal scales, when normality assumptions are violated, and when sample sizes are small. Therefore, choice B - when the sample is normally distributed - is not a condition for using non-parametric tests.

Question 14

If the null hypothesis is true and we run the Mann-Whitney test on data, the expectation is that the _____ in the two groups will be approximately equal.

Accepted Answer

The Mann-Whitney test is a non-parametric test that compares the distributions of two independent groups. If the null hypothesis is true, the mean ranks of the two groups should be approximately equal.

Question 15

The non-parametric equivalent of the paired-samples t-test is the

Accepted Answer

The non-parametric equivalent of the paired-samples t-test is the Signed-rank test. The Mann-Whitney test is used for independent samples, the Friedman test is used for more than two related samples, and the Kruskal-Wallis test is used for independent samples with more than two groups.

Question 16

A researcher was interested in stress levels of lecturers during lectures. She took the same group of eight lecturers and measured their anxiety (out of 15) during a normal lecture and again in a lecture in which she had paid students to be disruptive and misbehave. The data were not normally distributed. Which test should she use to compare her experimental conditions?

Accepted Answer

The Wilcoxon signed-rank test is appropriate for comparing two related samples when the data are not normally distributed.

Question 17

In an experiment involving cholesterol levels in type A and type B men (http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/gerstman/EpiInfo/cont-two.htm), the following data output was reported for a Kruskal-Wallis test Chi Square 6.333
Df 1
Asymp. Sig 0.01185
What does this result suggest?

Accepted Answer

The Kruskal-Wallis test is a non-parametric alternative to the ANOVA test for comparing three or more groups. The test statistic is a chi-square value and the output gives the degrees of freedom and the p-value. In this case, the output reports a chi-square value of 6.333 and a p-value of 0.01185. Since the p-value is less than the alpha level of 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a significant difference between the two groups. Therefore, the correct answer is A.

Question 18

What would this result be if a one-tailed probability were required?

Accepted Answer

In a one-tailed probability, we only look at one direction of the distribution. Based on the given problem, we are interested in finding the probability of getting a score higher than 72.5. This means we only look at the upper tail of the distribution. The area under this upper tail is 0.045, which is the same as the answer provided. Therefore, the best choice for a one-tailed probability is A.

Question 19

The non-parametric equivalent of the two-sample independent t-test is the

Accepted Answer

The Mann-Whitney test is commonly used as the non-parametric equivalent of the two-sample independent t-test. This test compares the medians of two independent samples and can be used when the assumption of normality is not met.

Question 20

Ten visitors to an art gallery are asked to rate two sculptures for aesthetic value on a scale of 1(low value) to 5 (high value) What procedure would be used to test the hypothesis that the ratings are not significantly different?

Accepted Answer

The Signed-rank test is used to compare two related samples, such as the ratings of two sculptures by the same group of visitors.

Quiz 7: Non-Parametric Models

Which of the following tests does not constitute an alternative to the Mann-Whitney test?

The non-parametric equivalent of the one-way between-measures ANOVA is

The non-parametric equivalent of the one-way repeated-measures ANOVA is

Ten visitors to an art gallery are asked to rate a Van Gogh painting alongside a sculpture each by Henry Moore and Michelangelo. What test would be used to see if there is a significant difference in ratings amongst the three pieces?

What might be a reason to choose parametric tests over non-parametric tests even if some parametric assumptions are violated?

When would the Jonckheere-Terpstra test be used?

Another term for non-parametric tests is

Which of the following tests allows for comparing several conditions?

Look at the outputs below obtained from running Friedman's ANOVA on data relating to the use of three different drugs on groups of patients. What does this information mean? Ranks Test Statistic^a ^{a Friedman Test} Http://www.statsguides.bham.ac.uk/TSQ/TSQ4/np/Q1.htm

Ten visitors to an art gallery are asked to rate two sculptures for aesthetic value on a scale of 1(low value) to 5 (high value) .The results are as follows. What conclusion would be drawn? Test Statistics(b) A. Based on positive ranks.

Which of the following is not a condition for using non-parametric tests?

If the null hypothesis is true and we run the Mann-Whitney test on data, the expectation is that the _____ in the two groups will be approximately equal.

The non-parametric equivalent of the paired-samples t-test is the

In an experiment involving cholesterol levels in type A and type B men (http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/gerstman/EpiInfo/cont-two.htm) , the following data output was reported for a Kruskal-Wallis test Chi Square 6.333 Df 1 Asymp. Sig 0.01185 What does this result suggest?

What would this result be if a one-tailed probability were required?

The non-parametric equivalent of the two-sample independent t-test is the

Ten visitors to an art gallery are asked to rate two sculptures for aesthetic value on a scale of 1(low value) to 5 (high value) What procedure would be used to test the hypothesis that the ratings are not significantly different?

Quiz 7: Non-Parametric Models

Which of the following tests does not constitute an alternative to the Mann-Whitney test?

The non-parametric equivalent of the one-way between-measures ANOVA is

The non-parametric equivalent of the one-way repeated-measures ANOVA is

Ten visitors to an art gallery are asked to rate a Van Gogh painting alongside a sculpture each by Henry Moore and Michelangelo. What test would be used to see if there is a significant difference in ratings amongst the three pieces?

What might be a reason to choose parametric tests over non-parametric tests even if some parametric assumptions are violated?

When would the Jonckheere-Terpstra test be used?

Another term for non-parametric tests is

Which of the following tests allows for comparing several conditions?

Look at the outputs below obtained from running Friedman's ANOVA on data relating to the use of three different drugs on groups of patients. What does this information mean? Ranks Test Statistica a Friedman Test Http://www.statsguides.bham.ac.uk/TSQ/TSQ4/np/Q1.htm

Ten visitors to an art gallery are asked to rate two sculptures for aesthetic value on a scale of 1(low value) to 5 (high value) .The results are as follows. What conclusion would be drawn? Test Statistics(b) A. Based on positive ranks.

Which of the following is not a condition for using non-parametric tests?

If the null hypothesis is true and we run the Mann-Whitney test on data, the expectation is that the _____ in the two groups will be approximately equal.

The non-parametric equivalent of the paired-samples t-test is the

In an experiment involving cholesterol levels in type A and type B men (http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/gerstman/EpiInfo/cont-two.htm) , the following data output was reported for a Kruskal-Wallis test Chi Square 6.333 Df 1 Asymp. Sig 0.01185 What does this result suggest?

What would this result be if a one-tailed probability were required?

The non-parametric equivalent of the two-sample independent t-test is the

Ten visitors to an art gallery are asked to rate two sculptures for aesthetic value on a scale of 1(low value) to 5 (high value) What procedure would be used to test the hypothesis that the ratings are not significantly different?

Look at the outputs below obtained from running Friedman's ANOVA on data relating to the use of three different drugs on groups of patients. What does this information mean? Ranks Test Statistic^a ^{a Friedman Test} Http://www.statsguides.bham.ac.uk/TSQ/TSQ4/np/Q1.htm