Question 1

Each of the following are considered ischemic heart disease EXCEPT one.Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Accepted Answer

Mitral valve prolapse is a valvular disorder and not directly related to ischemic heart disease. Angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death are all manifestations of ischemic heart disease.

Question 2

A blood pressure of 140 mm Hg over 90 mm Hg would be classified as

Accepted Answer

A blood pressure reading of 140 mm Hg over 90 mm Hg falls within the range for Stage 1 hypertension. Normal blood pressure is defined as a reading of less than 120 mm Hg over 80 mm Hg, while prehypertension is defined as a reading between 120-139 mm Hg over 80-89 mm Hg. Stage 2 hypertension is defined as a reading of 160 mm Hg over 100 mm Hg or higher.

Question 3

Clonidine is used to treat which cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Clonidine is primarily used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) by decreasing the heart rate and relaxing blood vessels. It is not typically used for other cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, hypotension, or bradycardia.

Question 4

If your patient demonstrates the symptoms of a myocardial infarction,you should

Accepted Answer

The answer of If your patient demonstrates the symptoms of...

Question 5

The most common congenital heart disease found in adults is

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common congenital heart disease found...

Question 6

Providing treatment in a semi-upright position would be indicated for which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Providing treatment in a semi-upright position would be indicated for heart failure to reduce dyspnea and facilitate breathing. For angina pectoris, the patient should be seated and, for ventricular fibrillation, immediate CPR and defibrillation should be performed. Hypertension does not necessarily require a semi-upright position for treatment.

Question 7

Gingival hyperplasia is associated with which antihypertensive medications?

Accepted Answer

Gingival hyperplasia is most commonly associated with the use of calcium channel blockers, particularly nifedipine. Diuretics (A), sympatholytics (C), and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (D) are not typically associated with gingival hyperplasia.

Question 8

Subgingival biofilms are thought to act as a reservoir of ________that serves as a source for bacterial dissemination and initiation of endocarditis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Subgingival biofilms are thought to act as...

Question 9

Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for each of the following conditions EXCEPT one.Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended for mitral valve prolapse. It is recommended for cardiac transplantation, prosthetic cardiac valve, and history of infective endocarditis.

Question 10

A patient with tachycardia experiences a heart rate that is

Accepted Answer

Tachycardia refers to a heart rate that is greater than 100 beats/minute. Therefore, option D is the most appropriate choice.

Question 11

Endocarditis is usually caused by

Accepted Answer

Endocarditis is usually caused by Gram-positive cocci, such as Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species.

Question 12

The dental hygienist should consult with the patient's physician when the patient is on warfarin therapy.The goal for most patients on anticoagulant therapy is to maintain an International Normalized Ratio of 3.0 to 4.0.

Accepted Answer

The first statement is true as warfarin therapy can increase the risk of bleeding during dental procedures and the dental hygienist should consult with the patient's physician regarding the patient's dosage and INR levels. The second statement is false as the goal for most patients on anticoagulant therapy varies based on the patient's individual condition and circumstance. Maintaining an INR of 3.0 to 4.0 may be appropriate for some patients, but not for all.

Question 13

Adult patients at high risk for infective endocarditis should be prescribed 2 grams of amoxicillin 30 to 60 minutes before procedures.Patients allergic to amoxicillin may take clindamycin,600 mg,30 to 60 minutes before procedures.

Accepted Answer

Both statements are accurate according to guidelines for the prevention of infective endocarditis in patients at high risk. Amoxicillin is the preferred antibiotic for prophylaxis, and clindamycin is an alternative for those allergic to penicillin.

Question 14

Each of the following are cardiac arrhythmias EXCEPT one.Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis is not a cardiac arrhythmia. It is a condition where the arteries become narrow and hardened due to buildup of plaque, and can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Bradycardia, atrial fibrillation, and heart block are all types of abnormal heart rhythms.

Question 15

Atherosclerosis is the buildup of lipids on the internal walls of arteries.Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of angina pectoris and death in the United States.

Accepted Answer

Both statements are true. Atherosclerosis is indeed the accumulation of lipids on the inner walls of arteries, leading to narrowed and hardened arteries. It is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases, including angina pectoris, and is a leading cause of death in the United States.

Question 16

Atherosclerosis is a buildup of

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fibro-fatty lipids (also known as plaque) in the arterial walls, leading to a narrowing and hardening of the arteries. This can eventually lead to heart disease and stroke. Demyelination refers to damage to the protective covering around nerve fibers, while protein tangles and deposits tend to be associated with neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's.

Question 17

Match the cardiovascular disease with the correct description.
-Insufficient blood flow to the heart

Accepted Answer

Ischemic heart disease is a condition where there is insufficient blood flow to the heart due to narrowed or blocked arteries.

Answer: B
 Arrhythmia is a condition where there is an abnormal heart rhythm, which can lead to complications such as stroke or heart failure.

Answer: C
 Hypertension is a condition where there is elevated blood pressure, which can lead to damage of the blood vessels and organs, including the heart.

Question 18

Match the cardiovascular disease with the correct description.
-An abnormality of the heart caused by abnormal heart development before birth

Accepted Answer

Congenital heart disease is an abnormality of the heart caused by abnormal heart development before birth.

Question 19

A patient with bradycardia experiences a heart rate that is

Accepted Answer

Bradycardia is defined as a heart rate that is less than 60 beats per minute.

Question 20

An oral side effect of some sympatholytics is

Accepted Answer

Xerostomia, or dry mouth, is a common side effect of sympatholytics. This is because these drugs decrease sympathetic nervous system activity, which can lead to reduced salivary flow.

Quiz 37: Cardiovascular Disease