Question 1

Even before she enrolled in college, Diana's dream was to become a veterinarian. She is taking several college classes required to apply to a veterinary school. Diana's possible selves are likely to have a positive effect on:

Accepted Answer

Diana's possible selves, or the versions of herself that she aspires to become, are likely to increase her level of motivation and beliefs of self-efficacy in college. This is because she has a clear goal and vision for her future self, which can help her persist in challenging classes and overcome obstacles. Additionally, as she takes steps towards her dream of becoming a veterinarian, she may gain confidence in her abilities and sense of control over her academic and professional trajectory.

Question 2

Identify the personality test originally developed by Raymond Cattell that is based upon Cattell's trait theory.

Accepted Answer

The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire is the personality test originally developed by Raymond Cattell that is based upon Cattell's trait theory.

Question 3

Teena was given a widely used personality test called the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. This test differs from other self-report inventories, such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, California Personality Inventory, and Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, in that:

Accepted Answer

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is designed to measure personality types, which are broad categories of personality characteristics, rather than specific personality traits. While it has some validity and reliability, it has been criticized for not being as reliable or valid as other personality tests.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a weakness of the California Personality Inventory, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, and Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire self-report inventories?

Accepted Answer

Scoring of these inventories is usually done through computer algorithms, which makes the scoring objective and standardized. Therefore, scoring variability is very low, and it is not considered a weakness of these inventories.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a strength of the self-report inventories discussed in your textbook?

Accepted Answer

Self-report inventories, such as the MMPI, CPI, and 16PF, are not designed to provide information about an individual's unconscious motives, conflicts, and feelings. These inventories are limited to measuring an individual's self-reported thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Therefore, option C is not a strength of these inventories. Options A, B, and D are all strengths of self-report inventories.

Question 6

Despite the popularity of the Myer-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) in business, counseling, and career guidance settings, research has pointed to several problems with the MBTI. Which of the following is NOT identified as a problem with the MBTI?

Accepted Answer

The MBTI being based on Carl Jung's personality theory is not identified as a problem; rather, it is a foundational aspect of the test. The other options highlight issues related to reliability, validity, and the existence of distinct personality types.

Question 7

Jose is a ninth-grader who dreams of becoming a Major League baseball player. Because of his _____, Jose will probably practice longer and harder than the other players on his high school softball team.

Accepted Answer

Jose's "possible self" refers to his aspirations and goals for the future, which motivates him to work harder to achieve his dream of becoming a Major League baseball player.

Question 8

Possible selves refers to:

Accepted Answer

Possible selves refer to the different images or representations that individuals have of themselves in the future. These may reflect their hopes or fears about who they will become. It is a way of looking at the future and imagining what one's self could potentially become.

Question 9

Dr. Wilkerson has given her new patient several psychological tests. What approach should Dr. Wilkerson take in interpreting the test results?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Wilkerson should combine her knowledge of the test results with behavioral observations and information from other sources, including the patient, to ensure she has a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of the patient's personality and mental health. Relying solely on test results can be risky as they may not always be reliable or completely accurate. Additionally, it's important to consider the patient's own perspective and input in the diagnostic process.

Question 10

A self-report test designed to assess personality types rather than personality traits is called:

Accepted Answer

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a self-report test designed to identify an individual's personality type based on their preferences in four categories: extraversion/introversion, sensing/intuition, thinking/feeling, and judging/perceiving. The MBTI does not assess specific personality traits but rather categorizes individuals into one of 16 personality types based on their preferences.

Question 11

This figure shows a comparison between the personality profiles of airline pilots and writers. Which of the following personality tests was used for this comparison?

Accepted Answer

The answer of This figure shows a comparison between the...

Question 12

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is:

Accepted Answer

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a self-report inventory based on Carl Jung's personality theory, which suggests that individuals can be classified into distinct personality types. The MBTI assesses four dichotomies: extraversion vs. introversion, sensing vs. intuition, thinking vs. feeling, and judging vs. perceiving. These dichotomies are used to generate one of 16 different personality types.

Question 13

Dr. Klein frequently uses the _____ in her clinical practice to generate personality profiles on 16 dimensions of personality, especially when she is counseling marital partners.

Accepted Answer

The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) is specifically designed to measure personality traits on 16 dimensions, making it a useful tool for counseling marital partners. The other options (California Personality Inventory, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, and Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) assess personality traits in different ways and are not as well-suited for generating personality profiles on 16 dimensions.

Question 14

Two self-report inventories that were originally designed to assess the personality characteristics of normal populations are:

Accepted Answer

The California Personality Inventory (CPI) and the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) were both originally designed to assess the personality characteristics of normal populations. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) were not specifically designed for this purpose. The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective test, not a self-report inventory.

Question 15

Dylan wishes to apply the research on possible selves to help him become more motivated in college. As a first step, he should:

Accepted Answer

To apply the research on possible selves to become more motivated in college, the first step is for Dylan to consciously identify and evaluate his possible selves. This involves recognizing the different selves he envisions for his future, such as his ideal self, ought self, and feared self, and considering how these identities influence his current behavior and motivation. Through this process, he can more intentionally choose which possible selves to pursue and direct his actions accordingly. Going to the counseling center (A) or choosing heroic figures (D) may not be as immediately relevant or effective for addressing motivational issues in college, while nurturing a repressed actualizing tendency (B) may require further exploration and self-awareness.

Quiz 10: Personality