Question 1

An example of secondary succession is
A)grasses colonizing sand dunes.
B)lichens colonizing a rock.
C)weeds colonizing a volcanic lava flow.
D)crabgrass colonizing an abandoned wheat field.

Accepted Answer

Secondary succession occurs when a disturbance has removed much, but not all, of the organisms from an ecosystem. An example of secondary succession is when an abandoned wheat field is no longer used for agriculture, and crabgrass takes over the area.

Question 2

The hypothesis that moderate frequencies of disturbance result in the highest species diversity is called the ________ disturbance hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

intermediate

Question 3

Overgrazing of kelp forests and their subsequent regrowth is
A)primary succession.
B)chronosequence.
C)secondary succession.
D)allogenic change.

Accepted Answer

Overgrazing of kelp forests creates a disturbance that allows for secondary succession to occur as new species colonize the area and the kelp forest regrows. Primary succession occurs on barren land where no soil or organisms exist, while a chronosequence is a series of communities that sequentially replace each other over time. Allogenic change refers to changes in the environment that occur due to external factors such as climate or geologic events.

Question 4

The organismal view of communities is a ________ concept,while the continuum view of communities is a ________ concept.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The organismal view of communities is a...

Question 5

________ environmental change is a direct result of the organisms within the community.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ environmental change is a direct result...

Question 6

The ________ model of succession proposes that later successional species are neither inhibited nor aided by species of earlier stages.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ model of succession proposes that...

Question 7

The ________ model of succession proposes that early successional species modify the environment so that it becomes more suitable for later successional species.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ model of succession proposes that...

Question 8

Which of the following are late successional species?
A)trees
B)grass
C)weeds
D)forbs

Accepted Answer

Trees are considered late successional species because they grow slowly and require stable conditions to establish themselves. They are often the dominant species in mature forests, and their presence indicates a stable, climax community. Grass, weeds, and forbs are all early successional species that are typically found in disturbed or recently disturbed habitats.

Question 9

The study of the distribution and abundance of ancient organisms and their relationship to the environment is referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The study of the distribution and abundance...

Question 10

According to the figure,which species is considered a pioneer species?
A)Ulva spp.
B)Gigartina canaliculata
C)Gigartina coulteri
D)Gigartina leptorhynchos

Accepted Answer

Pioneer species are the first species to colonize a disturbed or barren area. In the given figure, Ulva spp. is found in the bare rock area, indicating that it is the pioneer species. The other species, Gigartina canaliculata, Gigartina coulteri, and Gigartina leptorhynchos, are found in the areas with more stable or established communities, indicating that they are later successional species.

Question 11

Early successional species are referred to as ________ species.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Early successional species are referred to as...

Question 12

The sequence of communities from the pioneer community to the climax community is called a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The sequence of communities from the pioneer...

Question 13

Changes in community composition and structure over time are called
A)succession.
B)stratification.
C)zonation.
D)characterization.

Accepted Answer

Changes in community composition and structure over time are referred to as ecological succession. This term describes the process of one biological community replacing another over time, often due to changes in physical or environmental conditions. Stratification refers to the layering of different elements in a system, zonation refers to the distribution of species in a specific area, and characterization refers to the identification and description of specific features or properties of a system.

Question 14

Beach grass colonizing newly formed sand dunes is
A)primary succession.
B)secondary succession.
C)chronosequence.
D)autogenic change.

Accepted Answer

Beach grass colonizing newly formed sand dunes is an example of primary succession, as it is the first time that living things are colonizing an area devoid of life.

Question 15

The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is best known for what occurring after forest clearing?
A)primary succession
B)sere
C)secondary succession
D)final succession

Accepted Answer

The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is best known for studies on secondary succession, which occurs after forest clearing. This process involves the regrowth and ecological recovery of an area that has been disturbed but still retains its soil and some biological activity.

Question 16

Habitats in which resources are limited favor ________ species that allocate resources to maintenance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Habitats in which resources are limited favor...

Question 17

Chronosequences are useful because one can
A)view several taxa in one sere.
B)view several seres in one region.
C)measure the impacts of disturbance.
D)count the number of trees in one sere.

Accepted Answer

Chronosequences allow for the observation of multiple seres (successional stages) in one region.

Question 18

Which is an example of secondary succession?
A)Beach grasses colonize a newly formed sand dune.
B)Retreating glaciers leave alluvial soils for cottonwood trees to colonize.
C)A shift in river flow introduces sediment to a rocky area.
D)A farmer allows an agricultural field to return to native grassland.

Accepted Answer

Secondary succession occurs when a previously existing community has been disrupted, such as when a farmer allows an agricultural field to return to native grassland. The soil may still contain some nutrients and seeds from previous plants, allowing for a quicker establishment of the new community compared to primary succession.

Question 19

Early successional species are characterized by
A)low body growth rates.
B)smaller body size.
C)low degree of dispersal.
D)low per capita population growth rate.

Accepted Answer

Early successional species often have smaller body sizes which allow them to quickly exploit new or disturbed environments.

Question 20

Succession that occurs on a site that was previously unoccupied by another community is called ________ succession.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Succession that occurs on a site that...

Quiz 18: Community Dynamics

An example of secondary succession is

The hypothesis that moderate frequencies of disturbance result in the highest species diversity is called the ________ disturbance hypothesis.

Overgrazing of kelp forests and their subsequent regrowth is

The organismal view of communities is a concept,while the continuum view of communities is a concept.

________ environmental change is a direct result of the organisms within the community.

The ________ model of succession proposes that later successional species are neither inhibited nor aided by species of earlier stages.

The ________ model of succession proposes that early successional species modify the environment so that it becomes more suitable for later successional species.

Which of the following are late successional species?

The study of the distribution and abundance of ancient organisms and their relationship to the environment is referred to as ________.

According to the figure,which species is considered a pioneer species?

Early successional species are referred to as ________ species.

The sequence of communities from the pioneer community to the climax community is called a(n)________.

Changes in community composition and structure over time are called

Beach grass colonizing newly formed sand dunes is

The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is best known for what occurring after forest clearing?

Habitats in which resources are limited favor ________ species that allocate resources to maintenance.

Chronosequences are useful because one can

Which is an example of secondary succession?

Early successional species are characterized by

Succession that occurs on a site that was previously unoccupied by another community is called ________ succession.