Question 1

At rest, the inside of the neuron is
A) negatively charged.
B) positively charged.
C) neutral, or equal to the exterior charge.
D) None of the choices are correct, since neurons are never at rest.

Accepted Answer

At rest, the inside of the neuron is negatively charged due to the higher concentration of negatively charged ions, such as chloride (Cl-) and proteins, inside the cell relative to the outside. This is maintained by the sodium-potassium pump, which actively transports sodium ions (Na+) out of the cell and potassium ions (K+) into the cell.

Question 2

When a finger or other appendage is severed in an accident, it is possible to surgically rejoin most tissues (bone, skin, etc.), which will then grow and heal. However, a cut through an appendage nerve is currently very difficult to reconnect. What structures are severed when the nerves in an appendage are severed?
A) axons
B) synapses
C) cell bodies
D) dendrites
E) interneurons

Accepted Answer

When nerves in an appendage are severed, it is the axons that are cut. Axons are the long, thin extensions of nerve cells that carry nerve impulses to other cells or organs. Synapses are the tiny gaps between nerve cells where the nerve impulse is transmitted, and dendrites are the branched extensions of a nerve cell that receive incoming signals. Cell bodies are the main part of a nerve cell where the nucleus is located. Interneurons are specific types of nerve cells that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons.

Question 3

An animal with a ladder like nervous system is the
A) earthworm.
B) cat.
C) hydra.
D) octopus.
E) planarian.

Accepted Answer

Planarians have a ladder-like nervous system, also known as a "nerve net," which is composed of two nerve cords running the length of their body that are connected by transverse nerves. The nerve net allows for rapid communication and coordination of movements throughout their body. The other options do not have a ladder-like nervous system.

Question 4

Examine the picture to answer the following questions and identify the labeled structures.  
A: _____
B: _____
C: _____
D: _____

Accepted Answer

The answer of Examine the picture to answer the following...

Question 5

Which of the following statements about axonal membranes is NOT true?
A) The resting potential of a typical neuron is -65 mV.
B) There is an electrical potential difference across a neuron's membrane.
C) The polarity correlates with a difference in ion distribution across the membrane.
D) At rest, there is a higher concentration of sodium ions inside the axon.
E) The sodium-potassium pump establishes a concentration gradient across the membrane.

Accepted Answer

At rest, there is a higher concentration of potassium ions inside the axon, not sodium ions. The concentration gradient is important for establishing the resting potential and for propagating action potentials.

Question 6

The functions of the human nervous system include
A) sensory input.
B) integration.
C) generation of motor output.
D) All of the choices characterize the human nervous system's functions.
E) detection of stimuli.

Accepted Answer

All of the choices are accurate descriptions of the functions of the human nervous system. It detects sensory input, integrates information from various sources, generates motor output for behavior, and detects stimuli in the environment.

Question 7

What statement is NOT true about the human nervous system?
A) The somatic nervous system controls skeletal muscles.
B) The somatic nervous system is further divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
C) The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.
D) The somatic nervous system is part of the peripheral nervous system.
E) The autonomic nervous system controls glands and smooth muscles of the viscera.

Accepted Answer

The somatic nervous system is not divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions; rather, it is the autonomic nervous system that is divided into these two divisions.

Question 8

At a synapse,
A) synaptic vesicles fuse with the postsynaptic membrane.
B) synaptic vesicles fuse with the pre-synaptic membrane.
C) neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft.
D) neurotransmitters are actively transported across the synaptic cleft.
E) synaptic vesicles fuse with the pre-synaptic membrane and neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft.

Accepted Answer

Synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters fuse with the pre-synaptic membrane and release the neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. The neurotransmitters then diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.

Question 9

What structure of the spinal cord carries motor impulses from the brain?
A) ventral root
B) dorsal root
C) dorsal root ganglion
D) dorsal horn

Accepted Answer

The ventral root of the spinal cord carries motor impulses from the brain to the muscles, while the dorsal root carries sensory impulses into the spinal cord. The dorsal root ganglion contains cell bodies of sensory neurons, and the dorsal horn contains interneurons involved in sensory processing. Therefore, the correct answer is A) ventral root.

Question 10

Which of the following associations between structure and function is NOT correct?
A) axons - conduct signals away from the cell body
B) sensory neuron - take nerve impulses from the CNS to muscles or glands
C) cell body - contains nucleus and organelles
D) dendrites - receive signals and transmit them to the cell body
E) interneuron - convey nerve impulses between various parts of the CNS

Accepted Answer

Sensory neurons actually take nerve impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS, not from the CNS to muscles or glands.

Question 11

Examine the picture to answer the following questions and identify the labeled structures.  A: _____
B: _____
C: _____
D: _____
E: _____
F: _____
G: ____

Accepted Answer

The answer of Examine the picture to answer the following...

Question 12

Information gathering from the environment by a vertebrate is aided by which of the following?
A) paired eyes, ears, and olfactory structures
B) cephalization
C) bilateral symmetry with a vast increase in the number of neurons
D) All of the choices are information gathering aids.

Accepted Answer

All of the choices are aids in information gathering by vertebrates. Paired eyes, ears, and olfactory structures allow for the detection of light, sound, and chemicals in the environment. Cephalization, or the concentration of nervous tissue in the head, allows for efficient processing of sensory information. Bilateral symmetry and increased numbers of neurons allow for coordinated movement and more sophisticated sensory processing.

Question 13

An animal with a brain and a single ventral solid nerve cord is the
A) earthworm.
B) cat.
C) hydra.
D) octopus.
E) planarian.

Accepted Answer

Earthworms have a simple brain and a single, solid, ventral nerve cord, distinguishing them from other options listed which either lack a centralized nerve structure, have a more complex nervous system, or have dorsal nerve cords.

Question 14

The peripheral nervous system consists of
A) nerves in the entire nervous system.
B) ganglia.
C) nerves and ganglia that lie outside the CNS.
D) the brain and spinal cord.
E) the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Accepted Answer

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of nerves and ganglia that lie outside the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord. Therefore, choice C is the correct option. Choices A, B, D, and E are incorrect as they either include parts of the CNS or do not include all components of the PNS.

Question 15

In humans, the central nervous system consists of the _____, which is housed in the _____ and the ______, which is housed in the _____.
A) peripheral nervous system; limbs; brain; skull
B) brain; skull; spinal cord; vertebral column
C) spinal cord; vertebral column; sensory neurons; limbs
D) brain; vertebral column; spinal cord; skull

Accepted Answer

The central nervous system in humans consists of the brain and spinal cord. The brain is housed within the skull, while the spinal cord is housed within the vertebral column. The peripheral nervous system is not part of the central nervous system but rather includes all the nerves that are outside of the brain and spinal cord and extend throughout the body, including the limbs. Choice A is incorrect because it mistakenly defines the peripheral nervous system as the central nervous system. Choice C is incorrect because it incorrectly defines the spinal cord as part of the peripheral nervous system and adds an additional element of sensory neurons which are not part of the central nervous system. Choice D is incorrect because it reverses the placement of the spinal cord and brain within the vertebral column and skull, respectively.

Question 16

An animal with a simple netlike nervous system is the
A) earthworm.
B) cat.
C) hydra.
D) octopus.
E) planarian.

Accepted Answer

Hydras have a simple, netlike nervous system, which is characteristic of cnidarians. This system is more primitive compared to the centralized nervous systems found in other animals listed.

Question 17

The connection space between the dendrite of one cell and the axon of another cell is called a(n)
A. synapse.
B. neurotransmitter.
C. axonic connection.
D. threshold.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The connection space between the dendrite of...

Question 18

The functional units of the nervous system are
A) neuromodulators.
B) nerve nets.
C) neuroglia.
D) neurons.

Accepted Answer

Neurons are the functional units of the nervous system. They are responsible for transmitting and processing information throughout the body. Neuromodulators and neuroglia play important roles in supporting and modulating the activity of neurons, but they are not considered functional units themselves. Nerve nets, on the other hand, are found in lower-order animals and are not present in the more complex nervous systems of vertebrates.

Question 19

Which statement is NOT true about the cells of the nervous system?
A) A neuron can have only one axon.
B) A neuroglial cell supports or protects a neuron.
C) There may be multiple dendrites on a single neuron.
D) A myelin sheath is a white insulating layer that covers many axons.
E) A dendrite is the part of the neuron that carries an electrical impulse away from the cell body.

Accepted Answer

A dendrite is actually the part of the neuron that receives electrical impulses from other neurons and carries those impulses towards the cell body, not away from it.

Question 20

The part of the brain that integrates sensory input from the eyes, ears, muscles, and joins with motor information from the cerebral cortex is the
A) cerebrum.
B) cerebellum.
C) brain stem.
D) diencephalon.

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for integrating sensory input from various parts of the body, including the eyes, ears, muscles, and joints, with motor information from the cerebral cortex to help coordinate voluntary movements and maintain posture and balance.

Quiz 37: Neurons and Nervous Systems

At rest, the inside of the neuron is

An animal with a ladder like nervous system is the

Examine the picture to answer the following questions and identify the labeled structures. A: ___ B: _ C: _ D: ___

Which of the following statements about axonal membranes is NOT true?

The functions of the human nervous system include

What statement is NOT true about the human nervous system?

At a synapse,

What structure of the spinal cord carries motor impulses from the brain?

Which of the following associations between structure and function is NOT correct?

Examine the picture to answer the following questions and identify the labeled structures. A: ___ B: _ C: _ D: _ E: _ F: _ G: __

Information gathering from the environment by a vertebrate is aided by which of the following?

An animal with a brain and a single ventral solid nerve cord is the

The peripheral nervous system consists of

In humans, the central nervous system consists of the ___, which is housed in the _ and the , which is housed in the _.

An animal with a simple netlike nervous system is the

The connection space between the dendrite of one cell and the axon of another cell is called a(n) A. synapse. B. neurotransmitter. C. axonic connection. D. threshold.

The functional units of the nervous system are

Which statement is NOT true about the cells of the nervous system?

The part of the brain that integrates sensory input from the eyes, ears, muscles, and joins with motor information from the cerebral cortex is the