Question 1

A researcher is reviewing average household income data and sees that one household reported an annual income of over $1 million. This value lies outside the normal range of the data and is called a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

An outlier is a value that lies outside the normal range of the data. In this case, the household reporting an annual income of over $1 million is an outlier as it lies far outside the range of most other households' incomes. The other answer choices do not accurately describe this situation.

Question 2

When tabulation is done by hand to create a frequency table, this is called ______ the data.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When tabulation is done by hand to...

Question 3

When a third variable changes in important ways the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable, this third variable is called a(n) ______ variable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a third variable changes in important...

Question 4

The appropriate technique for addressing research questions involving relationships among multiple less-than interval variables is _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The appropriate technique for addressing research questions...

Question 5

When responses to two rating scale questions are plotted in four quadrants of a two- dimensional graph, this is called ______ analysis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When responses to two rating scale questions...

Question 6

The arrangement of data into a row-and-column format that gives the number of responses for each category of the variable is known as a(n) ______ table.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The arrangement of data into a row-and-column...

Question 7

An analysis of the cross-tabulations for each level of a variable as it applies to sub-groups of the sample is known as ______ analysis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An analysis of the cross-tabulations for each...

Question 8

All of the following are software packages that can be used for data analysis EXCEPT _____.

Accepted Answer

Word is a word processing software and is not designed for data analysis, while Excel, SPSS, and SAS are all software packages that can be used for data analysis.

Question 9

The orderly arrangement of data into a table is known as ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The orderly arrangement of data into a...

Question 10

_____ analysis is the elementary transformation of data in a way that describes the basic characteristics such as central tendency, distribution, and variability.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ analysis is the elementary transformation of...

Question 11

A measure of variability that is often called by the term midspread is _____.

Accepted Answer

The interquartile range (IQR) is a measure of variability that is considered as midspread because it represents the range of values in the middle 50% of the data. It is calculated as the difference between the third quartile (Q3) and the first quartile (Q1) of the data. Therefore, choice A is the best option for describing midspread. Confidence interval (B) and p-value (C) are not measures of variability, but rather statistical estimates used to assess the precision and significance of statistical results. The median (D) is a measure of central tendency that represents the midpoint of a set of values and is not specifically associated with variability.

Question 12

Which of the following is used to simplify and clarify data?

Accepted Answer

All of these choices, tables, graphs, and charts, can be used to simplify and clarify data depending on the type of information being presented and the audience it is intended for. Tables are often used to present numerical information in an organized and structured format, while graphs and charts can be used to visually represent trends or patterns in the data.

Question 13

A(n) _____ is a graphical way of showing a frequency distribution in which the height of a bar corresponds to the frequency of a category.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n) _____ is a graphical way of...

Question 14

_____ analysis is another name for quadrant analysis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ analysis is another name for quadrant...

Question 15

A two-way contingency table is referred to as a(n) _____ table.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A two-way contingency table is referred to...

Question 16

The _____ is the number of respondents or observations used as a basis for computing percentages.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____ is the number of respondents...

Question 17

Index numbers require which level of measurement?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Index numbers require which level of measurement?
...

Question 18

When a researcher makes inferences about the meaning of the data from a research study and draws conclusions about what these data mean in terms of their implications, this is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

Data interpretation involves making inferences and drawing conclusions from the data collected in a research study. While data analysis involves organizing and summarizing the data, interpretation goes beyond this to examine the implications and meaning of the findings. Data transformation refers to converting data from one form to another, and data conclusion is not a commonly used term in research methodology.

Question 19

A researcher desires a graphical representation of central tendencies, percentiles, variabilities, and the shapes of frequency distributions of the data. Which of the following will do this for the researcher?

Accepted Answer

A box and whisker plot will display the median, quartiles, and range of the data, providing information on central tendencies and variabilities. The plot can also indicate the presence of outliers and provide a visual representation of the shape of the distribution. Percentiles can be estimated from the plot as well. The other options, such as interquartile map and perceptual map, are not commonly used to display the mentioned measures, while a histogram only displays the shape and frequency of the distribution.

Question 20

When the responses to two survey questions are presented as a cross-tabulation of the two variables studied in these two questions, the result is called a(n) ______ table.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When the responses to two survey questions...

Quiz 20: Basic Data Analysis: Descriptive Statistics