Question 1

A reference parameter:

Accepted Answer

A reference parameter is an alias for its corresponding argument and is declared by following the parameter's type in the function prototype by an ampersand (&). In other words, it allows a function to modify the value of its corresponding argument directly, rather than working with a copy of the argument. Therefore, both (a) and (b) are correct. (c) is incorrect, as reference parameters can be modified.

Question 2

Overloaded functions must have:

Accepted Answer

Overloaded functions must have different parameter lists. This means that they can have a different number of parameters, different types of parameters, or a different order of parameters. The compiler uses the parameter list to differentiate between the different overloaded functions. The return type and default arguments are not used for overloading.

Question 3

Which of the following is not included in a function's activation record?

Accepted Answer

The name of the function is not necessary to be included in the activation record as it can be determined by the memory address where the function code is stored. The return address, parameter values, and local variables are all essential components of an activation record.

Question 4

An activation record will be popped off the function call stack whenever:

Accepted Answer

An activation record, also known as a stack frame, contains information about the state of a function's execution, including parameters, local variables, and the return address. It is pushed onto the function call stack when the function is called and is popped off the stack when the function returns control to its caller. Therefore, the correct answer is choice A.

Question 5

Call-by-reference can achieve the security of call-by-value when:

Accepted Answer

The const qualifier ensures that the argument passed by reference cannot be modified, thus achieving the security of call-by-value by preventing changes to the original value.

Question 6

If a set of functions have the same program logic and operations and differ only in the data type(s) each receives as argument(s) then a(n) __________ should be used.

Accepted Answer

The best choice in this case is a function template. A function template allows a programmer to define a single function that can work with different data types. Instead of creating specific functions for each data type, a template can be used to define the logic and operations for all the types.

Question 7

Given the following function template template <typename T>
T maximum(T value1, T value2)
{
If (value1 > value2) {
Return value1;
}
Else {
Return value2;
}
}
What would be returned by the following two function calls?
Maximum(2, 5);
Maximum(2.3, 5.2);

Accepted Answer

The function template `maximum` is designed to work with any data type that supports comparison using the `>` operator. For the first call `maximum(2, 5)`, the template instantiates a version of the function for integers, correctly returning `5`. For the second call `maximum(2.3, 5.2)`, it instantiates a version for doubles, correctly returning `5.2`. There are no type mismatches or errors because the function template is correctly defined and used.

Question 8

When an argument is passed-by-value, changes in the called function __________ affect the original variable's value; when an argument is passed call-by-reference, changes in the called function __________ affect the original variable's value.

Accepted Answer

In pass-by-value, the function receives a copy of the argument, so changes do not affect the original variable. In pass-by-reference, the function can modify the original variable directly.

Question 9

If the function int volume(int x = 1, int y = 1, int z = 1); is called by the expression volume(3), how many default arguments are used?

Accepted Answer

Two default arguments are used because the function is called with only one argument, so the other two parameters (y and z) use their default values of 1.

Question 10

Labels are the only identifiers with:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Labels are the only identifiers with:
...

Question 11

The unary scope resolution operator is used:

Accepted Answer

The unary scope resolution operator (::) is used to access a global variable when a local variable of the same name is in scope.

Question 12

In regards to default arguments, which of the following is false?

Accepted Answer

Option D is false. In Python, default arguments can be specified as global variables or function calls.

Question 13

The inline keyword:

Accepted Answer

The inline keyword can reduce a function's execution time by eliminating the function call overhead, but it can increase program size by duplicating the function code in multiple places. Therefore, it should only be used with small, frequently used functions to balance the trade-off between execution time and program size.

Question 14

Type-safe linkage is ensured by:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Type-safe linkage is ensured by:
...

Question 15

Which of the following statements creates a uniform_int_distribution object for producing values in the range -10 to 20?

Accepted Answer

The correct way to use the constructor for uniform_int_distribution is to provide the smallest and largest values of the range in the order they are meant to be. In this case, the smallest value is -10 and the largest value is 20. Additionally, since we want to produce both positive and negative values, we need to use the int data type instead of unsigned int. Choice D correctly provides a uniform_int_distribution object that meets these criteria.

Question 16

Which of the following is true of function templates?

Accepted Answer

Formal type parameters in function templates act as placeholders for types and can be used to specify argument types, return types, and declare variables within the function.

Question 17

[C++11]-Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

DB) An unscoped enum's underlying type is not independent of its constants' values. The underlying type is chosen by the compiler based on the range of the constants' values to ensure all values can be represented.D) The statement is true because if an enum constant's value is outside the range that can be represented by the enum's underlying type, it will indeed cause a compilation error.

Question 18

Which of the following is false?

Accepted Answer

The default range of a uniform_int_distribution is from 0 to the maximum value of the chosen integer type, not just 32767.

Question 19

What happens when two blocks, one nested inside of the other, both declare variables with the same identifier? (Assume that the outer block declares its variable before the opening left-brace of the inner block.)

Accepted Answer

When two blocks declare variables with the same identifier, the inner variable will "shadow" (i.e. hide) the outer variable while it is in scope. This means that any references to the variable within the inner block will refer to the inner variable, not the outer one. However, outside of the inner block, the outer variable will still be available.

Question 20

Which of the following does the C++ compiler not examine in order to select the proper overloaded function to call?

Accepted Answer

The C++ compiler does not examine the return type of the function while selecting the proper overloaded function to call. It only considers the types, order, and number of arguments in the function call for function overload resolution.

Quiz 6: Functions and an Introduction to Recursion