Question 1

Describe the results of Meyer and Schvaneveldt (1971).What does this study suggest?

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

Memories formed during states of high arousal are:
A) remembered more than memories formed during states of normal arousal.
B) remembered less than memories formed during states of normal arousal.
C) remembered as equally as memories formed during states of normal arousal.
D) not remembered.

Accepted Answer

Memories formed during states of high arousal, such as moments of intense fear, excitement, or stress, are more likely to be remembered than memories formed during normal states of arousal. This is because high arousal triggers the release of adrenaline and other stress hormones that enhance the encoding and consolidation of memories in the brain.

Question 3

What is working memory,and what are its characteristics?

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Question 4

People are able to recall and have vivid memories of traumatic events that happened long ago.This is called:
A) the egocentric bias.
B) the self-reference effect.
C) the self-serving bias.
D) flashbulb memory.

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memory refers to a highly detailed, exceptionally vivid 'snapshot' of the moment and circumstances in which a piece of surprising and consequential (or emotionally arousing) news was heard. Traumatic events often fall into this category, leading to strong and vivid memories that can persist over time. The other options (egocentric bias, self-reference effect, and self-serving bias) do not relate specifically to the phenomenon of vivid recall of past traumatic events.

Question 5

Which statement is NOT supported by research on intentional learning versus incidental learning?
A) Intentional learning leads to better performance than incidental learning.
B) If the person uses similar processes,the results will be the same whether the learning was intentional or incidental.
C) There is little difference between intentional learning and incidental learning in memory strength.
D) The issue is not whether learning is intentional or incidental,but how the material was processed.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that the key factor in learning effectiveness is not necessarily whether the learning was intentional or incidental, but rather how the material was processed. Statements B, C, and D reflect this understanding, suggesting that the processes used and the way material is engaged with are crucial. Statement A, which suggests a clear superiority of intentional learning over incidental learning, is not consistently supported by research, as outcomes can depend significantly on other factors such as the depth of processing.

Question 6

_____ refer(s)to a mnemonic technique that relies on spatial relationships.
A) Acrostics
B) Chunking
C) Method of loci
D) Peg-word method

Accepted Answer

The method of loci, also known as the memory palace technique, is based on creating a mental image of a familiar place and mentally placing the items to be remembered in specific locations within that space. It relies heavily on spatial relationships to aid in memory recall.

Question 7

Describe the results of Bower (1973).What does this study suggest?

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Question 8

What is iconic memory? What is echoic memory?

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Question 9

What is the partial-report procedure? How was it an improvement to the whole-report procedure?

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Question 10

Describe one study on flashbulb memories.Why might memories learned in high-arousal states be better retained?

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Question 11

What are the effects of practice on memory?

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

What does brain research tell us about the power law of learning?

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Question 13

In what way are the hippocampus and the prefrontal regions involved in memory?

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

What is short-term memory,and what are its characteristics?

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Question 15

Conway et al.studied memory for Margaret Thatcher's resignation as prime minister of the United Kingdom.They found that:
A) 90% of the participants from the United Kingdom showed perfect memory for the events surrounding the resignation.
B) 60% of the participants from the United Kingdom showed perfect memory for the events surrounding the resignation.
C) 60% of the participants from Denmark showed perfect memory for the events surrounding the resignation.
D) 90% of the participants from the United Kingdom and 60% of the participants from Denmark both showed perfect memory for the events surrounding the resignation.

Accepted Answer

The study found that 60% of the participants from the United Kingdom showed perfect memory for the events surrounding Margaret Thatcher's resignation. There is no indication in the given information about the percentage of participants from Denmark who showed perfect memory. Therefore, options A, C, and D are incorrect.

Question 16

What is the word-length effect?

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

In the Hyde-Jenkins paradigm,some subjects were told that they would be tested for recall,while other subjects were misled about the purpose of the study.This experiment is a classic example of:
A) deep versus shallow processing.
B) exhaustive versus self-terminating search.
C) intentional versus incidental learning.
D) parallel versus serial processing.

Accepted Answer

The experiment described is testing the difference between intentional (knowing the purpose of the study) and incidental (being misled about the purpose of the study) learning. Therefore, the correct choice is C) intentional versus incidental learning.

Question 18

How and when does rehearsal improve memory?

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

What determines the amount of material remembered?
A) whether it was incidental
B) whether it was intentional
C) the level of processing
D) personal motivation

Accepted Answer

The level of processing is the most important factor in determining the amount of material remembered. When information is processed more deeply, it has a greater chance of being encoded into long-term memory and remembered in the future. Factors such as motivation, intentionality, and incidental versus intentional learning can play a role, but the level of processing is the most crucial factor.

Question 20

You have an exam in cognitive psychology next week.What are the BEST approaches to learning the material?

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 6: Human Memory: Encoding and Storage

Describe the results of Meyer and Schvaneveldt (1971).What does this study suggest?

Memories formed during states of high arousal are:

What is working memory,and what are its characteristics?

People are able to recall and have vivid memories of traumatic events that happened long ago.This is called:

Which statement is NOT supported by research on intentional learning versus incidental learning?

_____ refer(s) to a mnemonic technique that relies on spatial relationships.