Question 1

Which of the following suggests that many "witches" condemned during the Inquisition were,in fact,mentally disordered individuals?
A)The inquisitors themselves read letters from witches.
B)The witches were typically from lower social classes.
C)The witches "confessed" to delusions and hallucinations.
D)The witches were labeled insane by the courts of the times.

Accepted Answer

If the accused "witches" "confessed" to delusions and hallucinations, it suggests that they may have been suffering from mental illness rather than actually practicing witchcraft.

Question 2

Hippocrates suggested which of the following treatments for mental illness?
A)application of leaches.
B)herbal remedies.
C)prayer and chants by faith healers.
D)relaxation and care in choosing foods.

Accepted Answer

Hippocrates believed in the use of relaxation techniques and a balanced diet to treat mental illness, known as the "humoral theory." He did not believe in harmful practices such as the application of leeches, nor did he prescribe spiritual or supernatural treatments like prayer or herbal remedies.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as a strategic area for fighting against stigma?
A)policy and legislation.
B)the mental health and health professions.
C)individual and family.
D)All of the above are mentioned as strategic areas for fighting stigma.

Accepted Answer

All of the areas mentioned (policy and legislation, the mental health and health professions, and individual and family) are listed as strategic areas for fighting against stigma in the text.

Question 4

Defining mental disorder on the basis of personal distress is problematic for which reason?
A)High levels of distress and suffering are normal in modern society.
B)Some behaviors of mental disorder do not involve personal distress.
C)It ignores suffering that family members of disturbed people experience.
D)It does not apply to physiological disorders.

Accepted Answer

Some behaviors of mental disorder, such as hallucination or delusions, may not involve personal distress but may still be indicative of a mental disorder. Therefore, defining mental disorder solely on the basis of personal distress is problematic.

Question 5

Variations in cultural background make it difficult to define mental disorder as simply behavior which
A)involves a deviation from social norms.
B)leads to dysfunction.
C)improves after therapy.
D)causes personal distress.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Variations in cultural background make it difficult...

Question 6

The best definition of mental disorder takes all of the following into account EXCEPT
A)personal distress.
B)violations of norms.
C)disability.
D)syndromes.

Accepted Answer

Syndromes are a collection of symptoms that often occur together, but they are not a defining factor in the best definition of a mental disorder. The best definition typically considers personal distress, violations of norms, and disability.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes treatment of disordered people during the Dark Ages?
A)Monks in monasteries prayed over them.
B)They were chained in early asylums.
C)They were condemned as witches and tortured.
D)They were given bed rest,fed simple foods,and forced to subscribe to clean living.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following best describes treatment...

Question 8

Through the use of modern analyses,it was found that the majority of the witches of the latter Middle Ages were psychotic because
A)they were delusional.
B)they actively hallucinated.
C)both a and b.
D)None of the above is correct;the majority of these witches are now thought to have not been psychotic.

Accepted Answer

Modern analyses suggest that the majority of those accused of witchcraft in the latter Middle Ages were not actually psychotic, but rather victims of social, religious, and political factors.

Question 9

Edith was accused of being a witch in 1532.She most likely lived in
A)Russia.
B)China.
C)Europe.
D)Japan.

Accepted Answer

The witchcraft hysteria was widespread in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries, which is when Edith was accused of being a witch. Russia, China, and Japan didn't experience the same level of witch trials during this time period.

Question 10

The 'Malleus Maleficarum' was a
A)witch hunt manual.
B)ceremonial guide used by witches.
C)treatment manual used in early mental hospitals.
D)Freudian perspective on mental illness.

Accepted Answer

The 'Malleus Maleficarum' (Latin for "The Hammer of Witches") was a witch hunt manual written in the 15th century that instructed authorities on how to identify, interrogate, and prosecute supposed witches. It was instrumental in the witch hunts and trials that took place throughout Europe and America during the Early Modern period.

Question 11

The word 'lunacy' comes from a theory espoused by Paracelsus,who attributed odd behavior to
A)the effects of a full moon.
B)drinking the witches brew.
C)a misalignment of the moon and stars.
D)witchcraft.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The word 'lunacy' comes from a theory...

Question 12

After presenting characteristics of mental disorder,the text concludes that
A)research is needed to identify which characteristic is best.
B)different characteristics apply to various psychopathologies.
C)personal distress is the most useful characteristic.
D)together the characteristics give a partial definition of abnormality.

Accepted Answer

The text presents several characteristics of mental disorder, including statistical rarity, impairment, personal distress, violation of norms, and unpredictability. However, it concludes that together these characteristics give a partial definition of abnormality, rather than any one being the single best characteristic or applying exclusively to one specific psychopathology. Therefore, option D is the best answer as it accurately reflects the overall argument of the text.

Question 13

Demonology is the
A)practice of exorcism.
B)devil worship and satanic cults that some ascribed to causing mental illness.
C)idea that an evil being may live in a person and control his or her mind and body.
D)practice of drilling a hole in a person's head to allow evil spirits to escape.

Accepted Answer

Demonology is the belief that a demonic entity may possess a person and control their mind and body. It is often associated with exorcism as a means of freeing the individual from the control of the evil spirit. It is not necessarily linked to devil worship or satanic cults, nor does it involve drilling holes in a person's head.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of stigma?
A)A label applied to a group of people that distinguishes them from others.
B)A label applied to a group of people that breaks the law.
C)The label is linked to deviant or undesirable attributes of society.
D)People with the label face unfair discrimination.

Accepted Answer

Stigma is a label applied to a group of people that distinguishes them from others and is linked to deviant or undesirable attributes of society. People with the label face unfair discrimination. However, it is not necessarily linked to breaking the law.

Question 15

Hippocrates' early views on mental health contributed to an enduring emphasis on
A)natural causes.
B)spirituality.
C)humors.
D)classification.

Accepted Answer

Hippocrates believed that mental illnesses had natural causes rather than being a result of spiritual or supernatural forces. He also believed that imbalances in bodily fluids or "humors" could lead to mental illness, which contributed to the enduring emphasis on understanding the biological and physiological aspects of mental health.

Question 16

A detailed re-examination of the witch hunts during the Middle Ages revealed that
A)Most of the accused were not mentally ill.
B)Mental illness was more common during that time period.
C)Most witches were psychotic.
D)Many more men than women were accused,tortured and put to death.

Accepted Answer

Recent studies and analyses have shown that the majority of those accused and persecuted during the witch hunts were not mentally ill, and that accusations often stemmed from personal grudges or political motives. While mental illness was still present during the Middle Ages, it was not the main factor driving accusations of witchcraft. Additionally, while both men and women were accused of witchcraft, women were disproportionately targeted and punished.

Question 17

Which is a limitation of "harmful dysfunctions" as a definition of mental disorder?
A)It ignores the personal suffering of disturbed individuals.
B)Many dysfunctional mechanisms are not harmful.
C)Harmful dysfunctions also have an impact on others.
D)The dysfunctional mechanisms are largely unknown.

Accepted Answer

Many dysfunctional mechanisms are not harmful, so using only harm as a criterion for mental disorder would exclude many conditions that should be considered disorders.

Question 18

Hippocrates influenced psychology by
A)distinguishing medicine from religion and magic.
B)debunking the notion that the four humors were related to disorders.
C)reforming mental hospitals.
D)suggesting mental illness was punishment from God.

Accepted Answer

Hippocrates is known for separating medicine from religion and magic, which paved the way for a more scientific approach to mental illness. This separation allowed for more objective and empirical methods to be used in treating and understanding mental health.

Question 19

Cindy is an accomplished lawyer who sought psychological help in dealing with the stresses of balancing work and family responsibilities.Which definition of mental disorder applies to Cindy?
A)harmful dysfunction.
B)violation of social norms.
C)personal distress.
D)disability.

Accepted Answer

Cindy is seeking help to deal with the stresses of balancing work and family responsibilities, which is causing her personal distress. This definition of mental disorder focuses on the individual's subjective experience of distress or discomfort.

Question 20

Mental illness in the 21^st century A)is conceptualized mostly from a psychoanalytic perspective. B)remains stigmatized. C)is largely treated by the cathartic method. D)is seldom treated with psychotherapy.

Accepted Answer

Despite efforts to reduce stigma, mental illness is still often stigmatized and misunderstood by society. Psychoanalytic approaches have been largely replaced by evidence-based treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy and medication management. While psychotherapy is still an important component of mental health treatment, it is not the only or primary approach used in the 21st century. Catharsis, a method of releasing emotions through expression or reliving traumatic experiences, is not a widely used or evidence-based treatment for mental illness.

Quiz 1: Introduction and Historical Overview

Which of the following suggests that many "witches" condemned during the Inquisition were,in fact,mentally disordered individuals?

Hippocrates suggested which of the following treatments for mental illness?

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as a strategic area for fighting against stigma?

Defining mental disorder on the basis of personal distress is problematic for which reason?

Variations in cultural background make it difficult to define mental disorder as simply behavior which

The best definition of mental disorder takes all of the following into account EXCEPT

Which of the following best describes treatment of disordered people during the Dark Ages?

Through the use of modern analyses,it was found that the majority of the witches of the latter Middle Ages were psychotic because

Edith was accused of being a witch in 1532.She most likely lived in

The 'Malleus Maleficarum' was a

The word 'lunacy' comes from a theory espoused by Paracelsus,who attributed odd behavior to

After presenting characteristics of mental disorder,the text concludes that

Demonology is the

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of stigma?

Hippocrates' early views on mental health contributed to an enduring emphasis on

A detailed re-examination of the witch hunts during the Middle Ages revealed that

Which is a limitation of "harmful dysfunctions" as a definition of mental disorder?

Hippocrates influenced psychology by

Cindy is an accomplished lawyer who sought psychological help in dealing with the stresses of balancing work and family responsibilities.Which definition of mental disorder applies to Cindy?

Mental illness in the 21st century

Mental illness in the 21^st century