Question 1

Which of the following is NOT used as a counter-measure to "fool" the polygraph?
A)Suppressing responses to relevant or incriminating questions
B)Augmenting physiological responses to control questions
C)Altering patterns of speech in response to relevant questions
D)Mentally dissociating and distracting one's attention

Accepted Answer

Altering patterns of speech is not a method used to fool a polygraph. Polygraphs measure physiological responses, not speech patterns.

Question 2

The per se exclusionary rule
A)allows hypnotically-assisted testimony in all relevant cases.
B)prohibits hypnotically-assisted testimony by prosecution witnesses.
C)prohibits hypnotically-assisted testimony by defense witnesses.
D)prohibits hypnotically-assisted testimony in all cases.

Accepted Answer

The per se exclusionary rule prohibits the use of hypnotically-assisted testimony in all cases, regardless of whether the witness is a prosecution or defense witness. This is because such testimony is considered unreliable and potentially influenced by suggestions from the hypnotist.

Question 3

In the Control Question Technique of polygraph examination,a(n)______________will respond_________to control questions as/than crime-related questions.
A)innocent person;as much
B)innocent person;less
C)guilty person;less
D)guilty person;more

Accepted Answer

A guilty person will respond less to control questions than to crime-related questions because control questions are designed to be less threatening or significant to someone who is guilty, leading to a lesser physiological response compared to questions directly related to the crime.

Question 4

In the Control Question Technique of the polygraph examination,responses to control questions
A)help put the subject at ease between critical questions.
B)are more extreme in guilty subjects.
C)provide a baseline for the subject's reactivity.
D)are those which always elicit the most arousal.

Accepted Answer

Control questions are used in polygraph examinations to provide a baseline for the subject's reactivity. These questions are designed to elicit a physiological response in both innocent and guilty individuals, which makes it easier to distinguish between the two. By comparing the subject's response to the control questions to their response to critical questions, the examiner can determine whether the subject is telling the truth or lying about the relevant issue. Control questions do not necessarily elicit the most arousal, and they may not be more extreme in guilty subjects. However, they do help put the subject at ease between critical questions by providing a familiar and predictable pattern of questioning.

Question 5

In 1989,federal agents stopped 600 people matching the profile of a drug courier.How many were arrested?
A)10
B)50
C)200
D)300

Accepted Answer

Only 10 people were arrested out of the 600 who matched the profile of a drug courier.

Question 6

A study conducted by Pinizzotto and Finkel (1990) found that predictions made by professional profilers were
A)no different from nonprofessionals.
B)better than nonprofessionals.
C)worse than nonprofessionals.
D)better than students and the same as psychologists.

Accepted Answer

The study by Pinizzotto and Finkel (1990) found that predictions made by professional profilers were better than those made by nonprofessionals, indicating that professional profilers had a higher accuracy in their predictions.

Question 7

When did Martin Reiser,a psychologist with the Los Angeles Police Department,establish the Law Enforcement Hypnosis Institute to train hypno-technicians?
A)1950s
B)1960s
C)1970s
D)1980s

Accepted Answer

According to the given information, it was Martin Reiser who established the Law Enforcement Hypnosis Institute to train hypno-technicians, and it doesn't mention his work beyond that. Therefore, we can assume that the institute was established during Reiser's time with the Los Angeles Police Department. Since Reiser's exact tenure is unknown, we can't determine the precise date, but given the timing of Reiser's career, it's more likely that he established the institute in the 1970s rather than earlier or later. Therefore, the best choice is C.

Question 8

Some states,plus the federal courts,consider whether administrative procedures were acceptable and if proper safeguards were met.If they were,then they admit hypnotically-assisted testimony.This is called the
A)McNaughten standard.
B)fair-use test.
C)totality of circumstances test.
D)per se exclusionary rule.

Accepted Answer

The totality of circumstances test is used by some states and federal courts to evaluate whether hypnotically-assisted testimony is admissible in court. This test considers whether the administrative procedures and safeguards used to obtain the testimony were acceptable. Therefore, this is the correct choice. The McNaughten standard pertains to the insanity defense, the fair-use test pertains to copyright law, and the per se exclusionary rule pertains to the exclusion of evidence obtained in violation of constitutional rights.

Question 9

Under hypnosis induced by Martin Orne,Kenneth Bianchi (a suspect in the Hillside Strangler murders).
A)provided key evidence exonerating himself of the crime.
B)engaged in behavior suggesting he was malingering.
C)regressed to a past life for an explanation of his crime.
D)provided evidence that convinced Orne that Bianchi had multiple-personality disorder.

Accepted Answer

The question states that Kenneth Bianchi was a "suspect" in the Hillside Strangler murders, suggesting that he was not yet exonerated. Therefore, option A is incorrect. Option C is also unlikely and unsupported by the question. The correct answer is B because the question states that Bianchi's behavior during hypnosis suggested he was malingering, which means he was faking or exaggerating symptoms. Option D is also incorrect, as there is no mention of Bianchi displaying symptoms of multiple-personality disorder.

Question 10

The basic purpose of a _________________ is to certify whether a death could be reliably classified as natural,accidental,suicidal,or homicidal.
A)licensed mortician
B)forensic detective
C)medical examiner
D)criminal profiler

Accepted Answer

The role of a medical examiner is to examine a body and determine the cause and manner of death. They are responsible for determining if a death is natural, accidental, suicidal or homicidal, and providing certification accordingly.

Question 11

Which of the following was the clearest conclusion of a meta-analysis conducted by Steblay and Bothwell (1994)?
A)Hypnotized subjects are less confident about the accuracy of their memories than non-hypnotized subjects.
B)Hypnotized subjects are more confident about the accuracy of their memories than non-hypnotized subjects.
C)Hypnotized subjects recall significantly more details than non-hypnotized subjects.
D)Hypnotized subjects are less suggestible than non-hypnotized subjects.

Accepted Answer

Steblay and Bothwell's meta-analysis found that hypnotized subjects were more confident in the accuracy of their memories compared to non-hypnotized subjects. This conclusion was based on the analysis of multiple studies that examined the effect of hypnosis on suggestibility and memory. The meta-analysis did not find evidence to support options A, C, or D.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of an organized serial murderer?
A)A plan
B)Gaining control by manipulation or threat
C)Use of a car or truck
D)Keeping the body

Accepted Answer

Organized serial murderers typically plan their crimes, use manipulation or threats to gain control, and often use vehicles for transportation or abduction. However, keeping the body is not characteristic of organized serial murderers; they often dispose of the body to avoid detection.

Question 13

Regarding hypnotically-refreshed memories,the scientific community
A)is in consensus that they are completely reliable.
B)thinks the use of them should be discouraged in court.
C)thinks the benefits of them outweigh the costs.
D)is evenly divided over the use of them in court.

Accepted Answer

The scientific community does not consider hypnotically-refreshed memories to be completely reliable, and thus many experts discourage the use of such memories in court. In fact, some studies have shown that memories retrieved through hypnosis can be influenced and distorted by suggestions from the hypnotist, making them less reliable than other types of evidence.

Question 14

In 1995,special prosecutor Kenneth Starr reopened some aspects of the investigations of Vincent Foster's death.What were his conclusions,reportedin 1997?
A)Foster had been drugged.
B)Foster had indeed committed suicide.
C)Foster had been murdered and his body had been moved.
D)He drew no conclusions regarding the mode of death.

Accepted Answer

Kenneth Starr's report in 1997 concluded that Vincent Foster had indeed committed suicide. He found no evidence to support the theories of foul play, such as murder or drugging.

Question 15

Several studies conducted by David Lykken (1985) showed that 84% of guilty subjects were successfully identified by polygraph examination.Whatpercentage of innocent subjects were successfully identified?
A)26%
B)53%
C)72%
D)87%

Accepted Answer

The answer of Several studies conducted by David Lykken (1985)...

Question 16

In U.S.v.Scheffer,what was the ruling with regard to polygraph evidence?
A)The results were ruled admissible only for the defense.
B)The results were ruled admissible only for the prosecution.
C)The results were ruled inadmissible because of their unreliability.
D)The results were ruled inadmissible because of police misconduct.

Accepted Answer

In U.S. v. Scheffer, the Supreme Court ruled that polygraph evidence is inadmissible because of its unreliability, stating that "there is simply no consensus that polygraph evidence is reliable." The Court noted that the use of polygraphs as a lie detector test had not yet gained widespread acceptance in the scientific community, and had a high rate of both false positives and false negatives. Therefore, polygraph evidence was deemed too unreliable to be admissible in court.

Question 17

Why is the case of the Boston Strangler of interest to forensic psychologists?
A)Profiling predictions proved that there were actually two killers.
B)The psychiatric profile was almost completely inaccurate.
C)The psychiatric profile for the case helped track down a serial killer in New York,as well.
D)It was the first time psychiatric profiling had been used.

Accepted Answer

The case of the Boston Strangler is of interest to forensic psychologists because the psychiatric profile that was created for the case ended up being almost completely inaccurate. This highlights the limitations and potential flaws in using psychiatric profiling as a tool in criminal investigations.

Question 18

Research counter-measures done to "fool" the polygraph shows
A)people need training to be successful at them.
B)people simply need to be told about them to be successful at them.
C)concentrating on one counter measure will result in more success.
D)counter-measures are easily detected.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that individuals who receive training or instruction on counter-measures are more successful in fooling the polygraph than those who do not. This suggests that it takes some level of skill and knowledge to successfully employ these counter-measures.

Question 19

Ted Bundy planned his abductions,carefully selected his victims,and used verbal manipulation to gain their trust.He murdered on many separateoccasions,with cooling-off periods between homicides.Which of the followingbest describes him?
A)Organized spree murderer
B)Disorganized spree murderer
C)Organized serial murderer
D)Disorganized serial murderer

Accepted Answer

Bundy's planning, victim selection, and use of verbal manipulation indicate that he was an organized serial murderer. The cooling-off periods between homicides also suggest a level of control and premeditation. While Bundy did commit multiple murders, the careful planning and selection of victims differentiate him from a typical spree murderer, both organized and disorganized.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a disorganized serial murderer?
A)Leaves the weapon at the crime scene
B)Repositions the dead body
C)Performs sexual acts with live victims
D)Tries to depersonalize the body

Accepted Answer

Disorganized serial murderers tend to have impulsive and chaotic behavior, leading to leaving the weapon at the crime scene, repositioning the dead body, and trying to depersonalize the body. However, performing sexual acts with live victims is not a characteristic of them but can be seen in organized serial murderers.

Quiz 4: Techniques of Criminal Investigation: Profiling, Psychological Autopsies, Hypnosis, and Lie Detection

Which of the following is NOT used as a counter-measure to "fool" the polygraph?

The per se exclusionary rule

In the Control Question Technique of polygraph examination,a(n) ______will respond_to control questions as/than crime-related questions.

In the Control Question Technique of the polygraph examination,responses to control questions

In 1989,federal agents stopped 600 people matching the profile of a drug courier.How many were arrested?

A study conducted by Pinizzotto and Finkel (1990) found that predictions made by professional profilers were

When did Martin Reiser,a psychologist with the Los Angeles Police Department,establish the Law Enforcement Hypnosis Institute to train hypno-technicians?

Some states,plus the federal courts,consider whether administrative procedures were acceptable and if proper safeguards were met.If they were,then they admit hypnotically-assisted testimony.This is called the

Under hypnosis induced by Martin Orne,Kenneth Bianchi (a suspect in the Hillside Strangler murders) .

The basic purpose of a _________________ is to certify whether a death could be reliably classified as natural,accidental,suicidal,or homicidal.

Which of the following was the clearest conclusion of a meta-analysis conducted by Steblay and Bothwell (1994) ?

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of an organized serial murderer?

Regarding hypnotically-refreshed memories,the scientific community

In 1995,special prosecutor Kenneth Starr reopened some aspects of the investigations of Vincent Foster's death.What were his conclusions,reportedin 1997?

Several studies conducted by David Lykken (1985) showed that 84% of guilty subjects were successfully identified by polygraph examination.Whatpercentage of innocent subjects were successfully identified?

In U.S.v.Scheffer,what was the ruling with regard to polygraph evidence?

Why is the case of the Boston Strangler of interest to forensic psychologists?

Research counter-measures done to "fool" the polygraph shows

Ted Bundy planned his abductions,carefully selected his victims,and used verbal manipulation to gain their trust.He murdered on many separateoccasions,with cooling-off periods between homicides.Which of the followingbest describes him?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a disorganized serial murderer?