The Hawthorne effect in data collection is more often observed in the utilization of anonymous surveys and less likely observed in interviews.

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The Hawthorne effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals modify their behavior or performance in response to being observed or studied. While it can potentially occur in both surveys and interviews, it is actually more commonly observed in interviews where there is direct interaction with the researcher. This is because individuals may be more likely to present themselves in a favorable way in face-to-face interactions. In anonymous surveys, participants may be more honest and not feel the same pressure to present themselves in a certain way.

The Hawthorne Effect in Data Collection Is More Often Observed