Question 1

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer.
-Location(s) of microvilli

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

The cells lining the proximal convoluted tubule have numerous microvilli and mitochondria. This indicates that these cells

Accepted Answer

The presence of numerous microvilli and mitochondria in the cells lining the proximal convoluted tubule indicates that these cells are engaged in active transport, which requires energy in the form of ATP. The microvilli increase the surface area of the cells and enhance their capacity for absorption, while the mitochondria provide the necessary energy for active transport.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about ADH is true?

Accepted Answer

ADH is another name for both vasopressin and antidiuretic hormone. It is released from the posterior pituitary and is responsible for promoting water reabsorption by increasing the number of aquaporins in the collecting ducts of the kidneys. Therefore, statements a), b) and c) are all true. Statement d) is incorrect as ADH promotes, not inhibits, aquaporins.

Question 4

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the correct physiological response from the list below with each situation that follows. 
-The human body's response to ingestion of much more than the recommended daily limit of salt (e.g., an entire bag of potato chips)

Accepted Answer

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Question 5

Valuable molecules such as glucose, amino acids, and vitamins are reabsorbed into the blood at which location in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

The reabsorption of valuable molecules such as glucose, amino acids, and vitamins occurs primarily in the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron.

Question 6

The effect of antidiuretic hormone is to

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases the permeability of the collecting ducts in the kidneys, leading to more water reabsorption, which results in more concentrated urine.

Question 7

Which of the following responses would not correct for a drop in glomerular blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Constriction of the afferent renal arterioles would further decrease glomerular blood pressure, not correct it.

Question 8

Antidiuretic hormone secretion increases when the hypothalamus is stimulated by

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion increases in response to stimulation of osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus. These receptors detect changes in the concentration of solutes in the blood and stimulate the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland. ADH then acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, leading to a decrease in urine output and a conservation of body water. Stimulation by angiotensin receptors, glucose receptors, renin receptors, and stretch receptors do not typically result in an increase in ADH secretion.

Question 9

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer.
-Feature whose length is related to the potential maximum urine concentration

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

Which of the following statements about angiotensin is false?

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin actually causes an increase in central blood pressure, rather than a decrease.

Question 11

The kidneys help regulate the acid-base balance by controlling the level of _______ in the blood.

Accepted Answer

The kidneys regulate acid-base balance by controlling the levels of hydrogen ions (H⁺) and bicarbonate ions (HCO₃^-) in the blood.

Question 12

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer.
-Located principally within the medulla

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer.
-Site(s) of glucose and amino acid reabsorption

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer.
-Site(s) of major water reabsorption

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

Which of the following statements about the human kidney is true?

Accepted Answer

Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney and include proximal and distal convoluted tubules, collecting ducts, and loops of Henle. Most substances and water filtered in the glomerulus are reabsorbed into the blood. Substances enter the kidney primarily through the renal artery.

Question 16

The loops of Henle are considered to function as a countercurrent multiplier because

Accepted Answer

The loops of Henle establish a concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney by using a countercurrent mechanism. This involves the flow of fluid in opposite directions in the ascending and descending limbs of the loop, which creates a gradient of salt concentration in the interstitial fluid of the medulla. This gradient provides the driving force for the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts, which helps to conserve water and concentrate the urine. Thus, the loops of Henle function as a countercurrent multiplier.

Question 17

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer.
-Feature(s) whose permeability is/are under the control of antidiuretic hormone

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the correct physiological response from the list below with each situation that follows. 
-The human body's response to dehydration

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer.
-Function(s) as a countercurrent multiplier system

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

Of the fluid that is filtered into Bowman's capsule, _______ percent is reabsorbed into the blood within the kidney.

Accepted Answer

More than 95% of the fluid filtered into Bowman's capsule is reabsorbed into the blood within the kidney, primarily in the proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting duct.

Quiz 52: Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Use the following to answer questions: Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer. -Location(s) of microvilli

The cells lining the proximal convoluted tubule have numerous microvilli and mitochondria. This indicates that these cells

Which of the following statements about ADH is true?

Use the following to answer questions: Match the correct physiological response from the list below with each situation that follows. -The human body's response to ingestion of much more than the recommended daily limit of salt (e.g., an entire bag of potato chips)

Valuable molecules such as glucose, amino acids, and vitamins are reabsorbed into the blood at which location in the nephron?

The effect of antidiuretic hormone is to

Which of the following responses would not correct for a drop in glomerular blood pressure?

Antidiuretic hormone secretion increases when the hypothalamus is stimulated by

Use the following to answer questions: Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer. -Feature whose length is related to the potential maximum urine concentration

Which of the following statements about angiotensin is false?

The kidneys help regulate the acid-base balance by controlling the level of _______ in the blood.

Use the following to answer questions: Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer. -Located principally within the medulla

Use the following to answer questions: Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer. -Site(s) of glucose and amino acid reabsorption

Use the following to answer questions: Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer. -Site(s) of major water reabsorption

Which of the following statements about the human kidney is true?

The loops of Henle are considered to function as a countercurrent multiplier because

Use the following to answer questions: Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer. -Feature(s) whose permeability is/are under the control of antidiuretic hormone

Use the following to answer questions: Match the correct physiological response from the list below with each situation that follows. -The human body's response to dehydration

Use the following to answer questions: Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer. -Function(s) as a countercurrent multiplier system

Of the fluid that is filtered into Bowman's capsule, _______ percent is reabsorbed into the blood within the kidney.