Question 1

According to the textbook and in regard to gangs, all of the following are true except:

Accepted Answer

The statement "Gang members have better self-conceptions than other adolescents who are involved in antisocial activity but who are not gang members" is false. Gang members often have low self-esteem, insecurity, and feelings of worthlessness.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about cliques is false?

Accepted Answer

Cliques are not specifically more emotionally salient for adolescents involved in antisocial behavior. While cliques can have significant emotional importance for adolescents, this characteristic is not limited to those involved in antisocial behavior. Cliques can be important for a wide range of adolescents, serving as a source of social support and identity, regardless of their behavior patterns.

Question 3

According to an example provided in the textbook, a crowd member that has less social capital who is a really nice, thoughtful, and funny person may be high in _____ popularity but low in _____ popularity.

Accepted Answer

According to the example provided in the textbook, a crowd member who is nice, thoughtful, and funny may be well-liked by their peers (sociometric popularity) but may not have a high level of perceived popularity (perceived popularity). Therefore, the correct answer is A as it matches the description of sociometric and perceived popularity. Choices C and D are not relevant to the example given, and B is incorrect because it switches the order of the types of popularity.

Question 4

Justin's parents try extremely hard (almost excessively) to control his choice of friends. What effect is this style of parenting likely to have on Justin?

Accepted Answer

Excessively controlling parents may push their children towards the very behavior they are trying to prevent. Justin may become more curious about the forbidden peers and seek their company despite his parents' wishes. This could lead to Justin distancing himself from his parents and becoming more rebellious in his behavior.

Question 5

Felicia has a problematic relationship with her parents. All of the following negative effects are likely to occur for Felicia, except:

Accepted Answer

While A, C, and D are all negative effects that can result from a problematic relationship with one's parents, there is no indication that school involvement would be actively increased. In fact, it is more likely that a strained relationship with one's parents would lead to disengagement from school activities.

Question 6

During childhood, boys typically associate with boys, while girls primarily associate with other girls. This separation of boys and girls has been referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Sex segregation refers to the tendency for boys and girls to primarily associate with members of their own gender during childhood. Options A, C, and D are not accurate terms for this phenomenon.

Question 7

The chief determinant of popularity in high school is:

Accepted Answer

Social competence, which includes social skills such as communication and empathy, is a strong predictor of popularity in high school. It allows individuals to form and maintain relationships and navigate social situations effectively. While physical attractiveness and athletic ability may also contribute to popularity, social competence is a more important factor in long-term success in social and professional relationships. Academic achievement, while valued, is not strongly correlated with popularity in high school.

Question 8

Adolescents who join antisocial peer groups are likely to have:

Accepted Answer

Research shows that adolescents who join antisocial peer groups often have problematic parent-child relationships in childhood. These experiences can lead to a lack of guidance and support, making them vulnerable to influence from peers who engage in risky and delinquent behaviors. Coercion, substance use, and sensation-seeking behavior can also be factors in joining antisocial peer groups, but they are not necessarily universal or defining characteristics.

Question 9

Who is most likely to have cross-ethnic friendships?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who is most likely to have cross-ethnic...

Question 10

By middle to late adolescence, cliques are often segregated by race. All of the following are possible explanations for this phenomenon, except:

Accepted Answer

Although differential abilities in athletics may contribute to a particular clique's interests and activities, it is not a reasonable explanation for cliques being segregated by race.

Question 11

Esther has been rejected by her peers because she is withdrawn. Esther is most likely to be at risk for:

Accepted Answer

Esther's isolation and lack of social interaction put her at risk for poor social competence. This can lead to difficulties in forming relationships, adapting to new social situations, and functioning in a variety of settings. While the other options may be possible outcomes, they are less likely in the short term and may result from continued social isolation and struggles with social competence.

Question 12

The Anytown town council developed a program to curb delinquent behavior among the town's adolescents. The program had an iatrogenic effect, meaning:

Accepted Answer

The term iatrogenic refers to unintended adverse effects caused by a medical or therapeutic intervention, in this case, the program designed to curb delinquent behavior among adolescents. Therefore, option B, which states that the program backfired and delinquent behavior increased, is the best answer.

Question 13

Adolescents who use aggression deliberately, known as ________, are much more popular than adolescents who use aggression without planning to, known as __________.

Accepted Answer

The terms "instrumental aggression" and "reactive aggression" accurately describe the two types of aggression mentioned in the question. The statement indicates that adolescents who use aggression deliberately (instrumental) are more popular than those who use aggression without planning to (reactive). Therefore, option C is the best choice. Option B is close but is not specific to deliberate aggression. Option A and D do not accurately describe the two types of aggression mentioned in the question.

Question 14

Dawn has always enjoyed school and excelled in her classes. In middle school, she has connected with a group of friends who also enjoy school and her grades have continued to improve. They often spend time studying together. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

This is an example of both selection and socialization. Selection because Dawn chose to spend time with friends who also enjoy school, and socialization because her friends likely reinforced her positive attitude towards school and studying, which may have further motivated her to excel academically.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about friendship stability is true?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that only about half of all reciprocated best friendships that exist at the beginning of the school year still exist at the end. Opposite-sex friendships do not have a consistent advantage in stability, and there is no clear pattern suggesting that one gender has more stable friendships than the other. Well-adjusted adolescents tend to have long-lasting friendships, not ones that don't last very long.

Question 16

The determinants of sociometric popularity are ______, though the determinants of perceived popularity are _____.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that sociometric popularity is influenced by a variety of factors including social skills, friendliness, and sense of humor, but the determinants of perceived popularity may be highly variable and difficult to predict. Option C is incorrect as good looks and wealth are not consistent predictors of popularity, and option D is incorrect as research has shown that athletic ability and school achievement may not be highly related to popularity.

Question 17

Eleanor Maccoby states all of the following reasons that adolescents separate themselves into same-sex cliques, except:

Accepted Answer

The statement by Maccoby does not include parents' fears as a reason why adolescents separate themselves into same-sex cliques.

Question 18

Similarity in ________ is most likely to serve as a basis for cross-ethnic group friendships.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Similarity in ________ is most likely to...

Question 19

Why is it so hard to teach adolescents to "just say no" to things adults disapprove, of such as drinking, smoking, and having risky sex?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is it so hard to teach...

Question 20

Some researchers have tried to teach adolescents to use nonviolent forms of conflict resolution. Are these programs effective?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some researchers have tried to teach adolescents...

Quiz 5: Peer Groups