Question 1

Which of the following is not a component of Type A personalities?

Accepted Answer

Apathy is not a component of Type A personalities. The other three traits, urgency, competitiveness, and hostility, are commonly associated with Type A personalities.

Question 2

Which of the following therapies involves providing the client with a set of instructions designed to curtail behaviours in order to regulate sleep patterns?

Accepted Answer

Stimulus-control therapy involves providing the client with a set of instructions or guidelines designed to regulate sleep patterns by curbing behaviors that disrupt or interfere with sleep. It involves regulating external stimuli such as light, noise, and temperature in the sleeping environment, as well as implementing behaviors that promote relaxation and conducive sleep.

Question 3

Lisa had her license revoked because she kept falling asleep while she was driving. Her sleep episodes had caused several accidents. She reported to her doctor that she falls down without any apparent reason. What sleep problem is Lisa most likely experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Lisa is experiencing sudden episodes of falling asleep without any apparent reason, which is a classic symptom of narcolepsy. This disorder is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and vivid hallucinations during sleep onset or awakening. Narcolepsy is often accompanied by fragmented nighttime sleep and a disrupted sleep-wake cycle. These symptoms can severely impair an individual's ability to perform daily activities and pose a risk to their safety, particularly when driving or operating heavy machinery.

Question 4

Which treatment technique provides a person with explicit information about how to engage in positive health-related behaviours?

Accepted Answer

Guided mastery techniques involve providing explicit information and guidance to help individuals learn and adopt positive health-related behaviors effectively.

Question 5

Which personality type did Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenman identify?

Accepted Answer

Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenman identified Type A personality, which is characterized by traits such as competitiveness, time urgency, and hostility. This personality type is often associated with a higher risk of health problems, particularly cardiovascular disease.

Question 6

Which of the following is false concerning pessimism and health?

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Optimists are more likely than pessimists to engage in health-enhancing behaviors such as exercising regularly, eating a healthy diet, and getting adequate sleep. Pessimists, on the other hand, may feel that their efforts are futile, and as a result, may not engage in health promotion behaviors.

Question 7

Blaine has difficulty falling asleep. When he feels sleepy, he goes to bed only to find himself aroused and alert. He becomes anxious about not sleeping because he knows he needs sleep to function properly. Blaine was instructed by his clinician to reduce the amount of time he spends sleeping at night. Once he has had success sleeping, sleep time would gradually increase. What type of treatment is Blaine's clinician most likely applying?

Accepted Answer

Blaine's clinician is most likely applying sleep restriction therapy, which involves reducing the amount of time spent in bed to increase sleep efficiency, and gradually increasing the time spent in bed once the patient has success sleeping. This treatment has shown to be effective in improving sleep onset and maintenance in individuals with insomnia.

Question 8

Insomnia is a form of which type of sleep disorder?

Accepted Answer

Insomnia is a type of dyssomnia, which is a category of sleep disorders that involve difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early. Parasomnias are sleep disorders that involve abnormal behavior during sleep, such as sleepwalking or night terrors. Substance-related sleep disorders and substance-induced sleep disorders are types of sleep disorders caused by the use or withdrawal of drugs or medications.

Question 9

Dyssomnias and parasomnias are subtypes of which sleep disorder?

Accepted Answer

Dyssomnias and parasomnias are subtypes of primary sleep disorders, which include those sleep disorders that are not caused by an underlying medical or psychological condition.

Question 10

Which of the following is true concerning gender and heart attacks?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that women are less likely than men to receive aggressive treatment for a heart attack, even though they often experience more severe symptoms than men. This is partly due to the fact that women's symptoms can be different from the classic chest pain typically associated with a heart attack, which may make it more difficult to diagnose. Additionally, gender bias in healthcare may contribute to differences in treatment. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the relationship between gender and heart attacks.

Question 11

Blaine has difficulty falling asleep. When he feels sleepy, he goes to bed only to find himself aroused and alert. He becomes anxious about not sleeping because he knows he needs sleep to function properly. What sleep disorder is Blaine most likely suffering from?

Accepted Answer

Blaine is experiencing difficulty falling asleep and becoming aroused and alert once in bed. This is characteristic of insomnia, which is defined as difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep despite adequate opportunity to do so, leading to impairment of daytime functioning.

Question 12

Which of the following is the opposite of insomnia?

Accepted Answer

Insomnia is defined as difficulty in falling asleep, staying asleep or waking up too early. Hypersomnia is the opposite of insomnia and is defined as excessive sleepiness during the day and prolonged sleep at night. Narcolepsy and sleep apnea are sleep disorders that affect the quality of sleep and can also cause excessive daytime sleepiness. Dyssomnia is a general term used to describe any disturbance in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep, which can include insomnia and hypersomnia.

Question 13

Ted keeps telling his friend, Joe, that he has narcolepsy. Ted tells Joe that people with narcolepsy sleep for long periods and do not feel rested when they wake. Which of the following applies to Ted's assumptions?

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks, not prolonged sleep periods. Ted's symptoms are more indicative of hypersomnia, which involves excessive sleep duration and not feeling rested.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a primary sleep disorder?

Accepted Answer

Nightmare disorder, sleep terror disorder, and circadian rhythm sleep disorder are all primary sleep disorders recognized by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Sleep-wake disorder is a category of sleep disorders that includes conditions such as insomnia, hypersomnia, and narcolepsy, but it is not a primary sleep disorder on its own.

Question 15

Which of the following is false concerning research on Type A personalities?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that men are more likely to have Type A personalities, not women. This personality type is characterized by traits such as competitiveness, impatience, and a sense of urgency, which have been more commonly associated with men in the research literature.

Question 16

Blaine has difficulty falling asleep. When he feels sleepy, he goes to bed only to find himself aroused and alert. He becomes anxious about not sleeping because he knows he needs sleep to function properly. Which of the following therapies would be the least beneficial to Blaine?

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic therapy focuses on exploring past experiences and unresolved conflicts as the cause of current problems. This type of therapy is not typically effective in treating insomnia, which is often caused by more immediate factors such as poor sleep habits or anxiety. On the other hand, the other three options (stimulus-control therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and sleep restriction therapy) have been shown to be effective in treating insomnia by addressing these more immediate factors.

Question 17

Raymond is constantly on the go. He usually has several projects going at the same time. He gets very agitated when things throw off his schedule and he expects others to have the same urgency as he. What type of personality does Raymond likely have?

Accepted Answer

Raymond exhibits the classic characteristics of a Type A personality, which includes being highly driven, competitive, and impatient. Type A individuals tend to be very focused on achieving their goals and are often easily stressed or agitated when things don't go according to plan.

Question 18

A person diagnosed with narcolepsy must present with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Cataplexy is a defining symptom of narcolepsy, where the person experiences sudden muscle weakness or paralysis triggered by intense emotions such as laughter, anger, or surprise. Psychomotor agitation or retardation and echopraxia are not characteristic symptoms of narcolepsy.

Question 19

Which of the following is false concerning social support and positive health?

Accepted Answer

Men and women often differ in how they use and benefit from social support, with variations in coping styles and the types of support sought.

Question 20

What is the most common breathing-related sleep disorder?

Accepted Answer

Sleep apnea is the most common breathing-related sleep disorder, where someone's breathing is disrupted during sleep.

Quiz 6: Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders