Question 1

You are attending a psychology conference and look in at a session in progress. The speaker uses the term anaclitic depression, which puzzles you because it is not familiar. You ask the speaker for an explanation. What are you told?

Accepted Answer

Anaclitic depression is a term used to describe the lack of social responsiveness that can occur when an infant does not have a consistent attachment figure. It was first described by psychoanalyst Rene Spitz in the 1940s. The term "anaclitic" refers to a form of depression characterized by a loss of energy and interest in response to separation from a loved one, which is similar to the experience of infants who are separated from their primary caregivers.

Question 2

Some problems of adolescents are called "adolescent limited" because they tend to go away as the child develops. Other problems are more serious and long lasting and are labeled "life course __________ ."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some problems of adolescents are called "adolescent...

Question 3

________ disorders are characterized by a child's feeling of anxiety, fear or prolonged sadness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ disorders are characterized by a child's...

Question 4

What is the typical outcome among nonhuman primates who are raised in isolation without a parent or substitute attachment figure?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that nonhuman primates raised in isolation without a parent or substitute attachment figure have dramatically troubled relationships, and exhibit abnormal behaviors such as excessive aggression, self-mutilation, and fearfulness. This suggests that early attachment experiences are crucial for healthy social development in nonhuman primates.

Question 5

Researchers have often failed to find a relationship between childhood loss and depression during adult life. This failure can be attributed to

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers have often failed to find a...

Question 6

Infants who are fearful about exploration and are not easily comforted by their attachment figure are displaying

Accepted Answer

Infants who are fearful about exploration and are not easily comforted by their attachment figure are displaying anxious attachment. Anxious attachment is characterized by a child's fear of abandonment or separation, and they tend to be clingy and have difficulty exploring their environment independently.

Question 7

Children who have difficulty sitting still are likely to be diagnosed as "hyperactive," but if they are distractible and have difficulty finishing tasks they are more likely to be diagnosed as being __________ __________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children who have difficulty sitting still are...

Question 8

A teacher who knows that you are taking a course in abnormal psychology, and because she is concerned about a student who seems depressed, asks you whether her student is likely to outgrow his current problems. What should you tell her?

Accepted Answer

It is important to take depression seriously in children and adolescents as it can lead to serious consequences, including an increased risk of suicide. Research has shown that children who experience depression in childhood are six times more likely to die by suicide as young adults. Therefore, it is important to seek appropriate treatment for depression in children and adolescents.

Question 9

Recent research comparing various treatments for adolescent depression found that

Accepted Answer

The research found that medication alone produced a higher risk of suicide in children and adolescents than medication combined with CBT. This suggests that a combination of medication and CBT may be the most effective treatment option for adolescent depression.

Question 10

A disorder that is more serious than ODD marked by serious rule violations and often by illegal behavior is called __________ disorder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A disorder that is more serious than...

Question 11

Psychologists become concerned only when a child deviates substantially from developmental __________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychologists become concerned only when a child...

Question 12

____________ disorders are characterized by children's failure to control their behavior according to the expectations of parents, peers, teachers, and/or legal authorities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________ disorders are characterized by children's failure...

Question 13

What is a characteristic sign of the last stage of children's reaction to loss, similar to the grief following the loss of an attachment figure?

Accepted Answer

The characteristic sign of the final stage of children's reaction to loss is detachment, which is similar to the grief following the loss of an attachment figure. Detachment occurs when the child has accepted the reality of the loss and has emotionally withdrawn from the situation. They may have little interest in their surroundings and express few emotions.

Question 14

A child who exhibits behaviors that could be characterized as negative, hostile, and defiant may get diagnosed with __________ __________ disorder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A child who exhibits behaviors that could...

Question 15

What have researchers determined concerning the treatment of anxiety disorders in children?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and family therapy have been successful in treating anxiety disorders in children. CBT helps children learn coping skills and challenge negative thoughts and beliefs, while family therapy can address family dynamics that may contribute to the child's anxiety. Drug treatments can also be effective for some children but are typically used in combination with therapy. Psychodynamic therapy has not been shown to be more effective than other types of therapy for anxiety disorders in children.

Question 16

A child identified as fitting the description called inhibited to the unfamiliar is brought to the research institute (Kagan & Snidman, 1991) where a group of developmental, social, and physiological psychologists are studying differences between these children and other children. A child described as inhibited is placed in a room by himself; researchers observe through a one-way mirror and also check physiological measures. What might they expect to find?

Accepted Answer

Children identified as inhibited typically exhibit physiological signs of distress in unfamiliar situations, such as an accelerated heart rate. This is consistent with the child's tendency to be shy or nervous in new situations. Option B is also a possibility, but it is not necessarily the only behavior the child may exhibit. Option C is less likely, as a sleep-like pattern is not typically observed in a child in an unfamiliar situation. Option D is not likely, as it describes stereotyped behavior that is not typical of an inhibited child.

Question 17

Inborn behavioral characteristics including activity level, emotionality, and sociability are said by Thomas, Chess, and others to form a child's __________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Inborn behavioral characteristics including activity level, emotionality,...

Question 18

What would you conclude after reviewing the literature on anxious attachments and their relationship to future problems?

Accepted Answer

After reviewing the literature, it can be concluded that anxious attachments are a general risk factor for a number of internalizing problems such as anxiety disorders, depression, and social phobia. There is no evidence linking them to medical conditions due to poor child care or being the primary risk factor for eating disorders. While anxious attachments may not be the only risk factor, they do appear to be a significant factor in predicting future problems.

Question 19

Since the 1960s, suicide rates have tripled for males in which age group?

Accepted Answer

Since the 1960s, suicide rates have tripled for males in the age group of 15-24.

Question 20

In comparison to adult suicide attempts, suicide attempts by adolescents are

Accepted Answer

Research shows that family conflict is a significant factor in adolescent suicidal behavior. In contrast, adult suicide attempts are more likely to be motivated by interpersonal conflicts, financial problems, and other stressors. Adolescents may also be more impulsive in their suicidal behavior and require therapy to address underlying mental health issues, such as depression or anxiety. Anger can also be a motivating factor for suicide attempts in both adolescents and adults.

Quiz 16: Psychological Disorders of Childhood