Question 1

Asked to choose between two cookies of equal size, Jan takes the broken cookie, saying that three little cookies are more than one big one. Jan lacks

Accepted Answer

Jan's response indicates a lack of conservation, which is the understanding that the quantity of an object does not change just because its appearance or arrangement changes. In this case, Jan incorrectly believes that the broken cookie is three separate cookies, failing to understand that it still contains the same amount of cookie as the unbroken one.

Question 2

A young boy who argues that he could become a mommy someday if he really wants to

Accepted Answer

The boy's belief that he can become a mommy someday if he really wants to is consistent with Piaget's preoperational stage of development, which is characterized by egocentric thinking and a failure to understand the concept of conservation. At this stage, children have difficulty understanding that certain physical characteristics, such as gender, are not changeable.

Question 3

In playing a game of "logic" with his dad, John hears dad say "If dogs are animals or plants, and we have deduced that dogs are not animals, then dogs must be what?" John answers, "Well, they must be meat eaters then because I've never seen a dog that looked like a plant." We might conclude from John's answer that John is

Accepted Answer

John's answer demonstrates logical thinking based on concrete observations, which is a characteristic of Piaget's concrete-operational stage. Options A, B, and D are not supported by the information given.

Question 4

According to Piaget, _____ represents the first sign of the infant's emerging object concept.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Piaget, _____ represents the first...

Question 5

According to Piaget, a boy must first acquire operational schemes before he will

Accepted Answer

Operational schemes, according to Piaget, are part of the concrete operational stage, which involves logical thinking and understanding of conservation and identity. Recognizing that he can never be a mother involves understanding gender identity and roles, which requires operational thinking.

Question 6

Egocentrism

Accepted Answer

Egocentrism refers to the tendency to view events from one's own perspective and to have difficulty recognizing another person's point of view. It is a characteristic of young children but can persist in certain individuals into adulthood. It is not related to solving conservation problems, so option A is incorrect. Option C is also incorrect as it is not the complete definition of egocentrism. Option D is incorrect as egocentrism is a valid concept.

Question 7

Neonatal imitation of facial features

Accepted Answer

Neonatal imitation of facial features is believed to promote social contact and bonding with caregivers, which is considered adaptive for survival and development.

Question 8

The major cognitive advance of Piaget's preoperational stage centers on the child's use of

Accepted Answer

The major cognitive advance of Piaget's preoperational stage is the development of mental symbols, such as language and drawings, which allow the child to represent objects and events in their minds. This is a significant advancement from the previous sensorimotor stage, where the child relied on physical actions to understand their environment. Choices A, C, and D are related to later stages of Piaget's theory.

Question 9

A 5-year-old who knows his left from his right but who places a pencil held in his left hand into the right hand of a peer facing him when told "place the pencil in Johnnie's left hand" is displaying

Accepted Answer

The child's ability to distinguish between left and right indicates that he has achieved the concept of space. However, his incorrect execution of the task suggests that he is still egocentric, meaning he is unable to take another person's perspective into account.

Question 10

A child who feels bad because she is not living up to her "ideal self" and hence is not as good a person as she ought to be has reached Piaget's _____ of intellectual development.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's formal-operational stage, which typically begins around age 11, is characterized by the ability to think abstractly and reason hypothetically. This allows individuals to form idealistic and moralistic goals and compare themselves to those goals. Therefore, the child in the scenario who feels bad for not living up to her "ideal self" is exhibiting thinking that is indicative of the formal-operational stage.

Question 11

Once she has achieved the stage of concrete operations, a girl should be able to

Accepted Answer

The stage of concrete operations, as defined by Piaget, typically occurs between the ages of 7 and 11. At this stage, children can think logically about concrete events and can understand the concept of conservation, order, and categorization, such as arranging objects by height. Understanding algebra and thinking logically about hypothetical propositions are skills that develop in the formal operational stage, which begins around age 12.

Question 12

Piaget uses the term compensation to refer to

Accepted Answer

Compensation in Piaget's theory refers to the ability to consider multiple aspects of a problem simultaneously, which is part of the concrete operational stage.

Question 13

The development of object permanence is thought to be an important prerequisite for _____.

Accepted Answer

Object permanence refers to the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight. This ability to understand that objects have a permanent existence is believed to be an important foundation for the child's development of close emotional attachments.

Question 14

According to Piaget, preoperational children cannot solve conservation problems such as the "liquids" (or volume) problem because they

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, preoperational children struggle with conservation problems because they center on a single perceptual feature or dimension, do not yet realize that the transformation they have witnessed is reversible, and do not understand that changes in one dimension can account for changes in the appearance of another. All these reasons contribute to their difficulty in solving such problems, making option E correct.

Question 15

Piaget views the symbolic play of the preoperational period as

Accepted Answer

Piaget views symbolic play during the preoperational period as both a means of practicing and perfecting social skills and an adaptive method for children to resolve conflicts and emotional crises. This type of play allows children to experiment with different roles and scenarios, helping them to understand and navigate their social worlds and emotional experiences.

Question 16

Children who engage in a lot of pretend play during the preschool period have been found later to be

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that engaging in pretend play during the preschool period is positively associated with creativity, social competence, and emotional regulation later in childhood. Therefore, option B is the correct choice. Option A and C are incorrect as research indicates the opposite pattern. Children who engage in a lot of pretend play generally have more positive social interactions with peers and are less likely to have emotional problems. Option D is incorrect as it suggests that all the options are correct, which is not true.

Question 17

A child correctly arranges three wooden blocks in order of size, yet cannot decide which is biggest when told city X is bigger than city Y, which is bigger than city Z. This child's behavior is typical of Piaget's _____ of intellectual development.

Accepted Answer

The concrete-operational stage, typically occurring between ages 7 and 11, is characterized by the development of logical thought concerning concrete objects but difficulty with abstract concepts, which explains the child's ability to physically arrange objects by size but struggle with the abstract comparison of city sizes.

Question 18

A person who has achieved formal operations is now less likely to

Accepted Answer

Formal operations, a stage described by Piaget, involves the ability to think abstractly and reason logically. This stage allows individuals to solve problems systematically rather than relying on trial-and-error methods, which are more characteristic of earlier stages of cognitive development.

Question 19

A 9-month-old who has always found her doll in the toy box sees her mother place the doll in the closet. As the doll disappears, the infant crawls directly to the toy box to search for this toy. According to Piaget, the child

Accepted Answer

The infant's behavior suggests that she believes that her previous actions (crawling to the toy box) determine the doll's location. This is consistent with Piaget's idea of "object permanence," which develops in the sensorimotor stage around 8-12 months. The infant has not yet fully comprehended that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight. Therefore, when the doll disappears, she does not realize it still exists, even though she saw her mother move it.

Question 20

By the end of the sensorimotor stage, children are capable of

Accepted Answer

By the end of the sensorimotor stage, children are capable of all of these. They have developed object permanence and can understand that objects continue to exist even if they can't be seen or located. They can also solve some problems in their heads and reproduce the behavior of absent models.

Quiz 2: Classical Theories of Social and Personality Development